Background
Methods
Study setting and the FilaBavi surveillance system
Study design, sampling and sample size
Variable measurement and data collection
Statistical analysis
Ethical considerations
Results
Basic ADLs
|
Instrumental ADLs
|
Intellectual ADLs
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age/Index | % | 95%CI | % | 95%CI | % | 95%CI |
Age 60+ yr
| ||||||
0 | 97.6 | 97.0 - 98.1 | 32.3 | 30.6 - 34.1 | 42.6 | 40.8 - 44.4 |
1-2 | 0.8 | 0.5 - 1.0 | 47.9 | 46.1 - 49.7 | 44.1 | 42.3 - 46.0 |
3-4 | 0.7 | 0.4 - 1.0 | 19.8 | 18.3 - 21.2 | 13.3 | 12.0 - 14.5 |
5-6 | 1.0 | 0.6 - 1.3 | - | - | - | - |
Age 65+ yr
| ||||||
0 | 97.0 | 96.3 - 97.7 | 26.4 | 24.6 - 28.2 | 35.9 | 33.9 - 37.8 |
1-2 | 0.9 | 0.5 - 1.3 | 50.0 | 47.9 - 52.0 | 48.0 | 46.0 - 50.1 |
3-4 | 0.8 | 0.5 - 1.2 | 23.6 | 21.9 - 25.4 | 16.1 | 14.6 - 17.7 |
5-6 | 1.2 | 0.8 - 1.7 | - | - | - | - |
Age 70+ yr
| ||||||
0 | 96.2 | 95.3 - 97.1 | 20.2 | 18.3 - 22.2 | 27.3 | 25.1 - 29.4 |
1-2 | 1.2 | 0.7 - 1.7 | 50.6 | 48.2 - 53.0 | 53.0 | 50.6 - 55.4 |
3-4 | 1.1 | 0.6 - 1.7 | 29.2 | 27.0 - 31.4 | 19.8 | 17.9 - 21.7 |
5-6 | 1.4 | 0.9 - 2.0 | - | - | - | - |
Age 75+ yr
| ||||||
0 | 94.9 | 93.6 - 96.2 | 14.2 | 12.2 - 16.3 | 19.1 | 16.8 - 21.5 |
1-2 | 1.5 | 0.7 - 2.2 | 48.2 | 45.2 - 51.1 | 55.7 | 52.7 - 58.6 |
3-4 | 1.7 | 1.0 - 2.5 | 37.6 | 34.7 - 40.5 | 25.2 | 22.6 - 27.8 |
5-6 | 1.9 | 1.1 - 2.7 | - | - | - | - |
Age 80+ yr
| ||||||
0 | 92.2 | 90.0 - 94.4 | 7.1 | 5.1 - 9.2 | 12.6 | 9.9 - 15.3 |
1-2 | 2.2 | 1.0 - 3.4 | 43.0 | 39.0 - 47.0 | 54.3 | 50.3 - 58.4 |
3-4 | 2.4 | 1.1 - 3.6 | 49.9 | 45.9 - 54.0 | 33.1 | 29.3 - 36.9 |
5-6 | 3.2 | 1.8 - 4.7 | - | - | - | - |
Age 85+ yr
| ||||||
0 | 86.7 | 82.6 - 90.8 | 3.4 | 1.2 - 5.6 | 7.6 | 4.4 - 10.8 |
1-2 | 4.2 | 1.8 - 6.6 | 33.8 | 28.1 - 39.6 | 47.1 | 41.1 - 53.2 |
3-4 | 3.8 | 1.5 - 6.1 | 62.7 | 56.9 - 68.6 | 45.2 | 39.2 - 51.3 |
5-6 | 5.3 | 2.6 - 8.1 | - | - | - | - |
Sample size | No need | Some need | Complete dependence | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of ADL |
%
|
95%CI
|
%
|
95%CI
|
%
|
95%CI
| |
Basic ADLs
| |||||||
Bathing | 2,873 | 92.5 | 91.6 - 93.5 | 5.3 | 4.5 - 6.1 | 2.2 | 1.7 - 2.7 |
Dressing | 2,873 | 95.5 | 94.8 - 96.3 | 2.5 | 2.0 - 3.1 | 2.0 | 1.4 - 2.5 |
Toilet use | 2,873 | 96.6 | 95.9 - 97.2 | 2.6 | 2.0 - 3.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 - 1.2 |
Transferring | 2,873 | 95.6 | 94.8 - 96.3 | 3.1 | 2.5 - 3.8 | 1.3 | 0.9 - 1.7 |
Urine/bowel continence | 2,873 | 95.3 | 94.5 - 96.1 | 3.0 | 2.3 - 3.6 | 1.7 | 1.3 - 2.2 |
Eating | 2,873 | 96.2 | 95.5 - 96.9 | 2.6 | 2.0 - 3.2 | 1.2 | 0.8 - 1.6 |
Instrumental ADLs
| |||||||
Cleaning house | 2,373 | 97.2 | 96.6 - 97.9 | 2.7 | 2.0 - 3.4 | 0.1 | -0.03 - 0.2 |
Cooking | 2,063 | 96.4 | 95.6 - 97.2 | 3.5 | 2.7 - 4.3 | 0.1 | -0.03 - 0.2 |
Shopping | 1,229 | 96.6 | 95.6 - 97.6 | 3.3 | 2.3 - 4.3 | 0.2 | -0.06 - 0.4 |
Travelling | 2,047 | 86.8 | 85.3 - 88.2 | 10.0 | 8.7 - 11.3 | 3.2 | 2.5 - 4.0 |
Intellectual ADLs
| |||||||
Writing | 1,398 | 71.8 | 69.5 - 74.2 | 21.9 | 19.7 - 24.1 | 6.3 | 5.0 - 7.6 |
Reading | 1,651 | 67.9 | 65.6 - 70.1 | 23.9 | 21.9 - 26.0 | 8.2 | 6.9 - 9.5 |
Listening to the radio | 2,651 | 86.8 | 85.6 - 88.1 | 9.7 | 8.6 - 10.8 | 3.5 | 2.8 - 4.2 |
Watching TV | 2,623 | 83.4 | 82.0 - 84.8 | 12.3 | 11.1 - 13.5 | 4.3 | 3.5 - 5.1 |
No support | Not enough support | Enough support | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of ADL |
%
|
95%CI
|
%
|
95%CI
|
%
|
95%CI
|
Basic ADLs
| ||||||
Bathing | 1.4 | -0.2 - 3.0 | 9.8 | 5.8 - 13.8 | 88.8 | 84.6 - 93.1 |
Dressing | 3.1 | 0.1 - 6.2 | 8.6 | 3.7 - 13.5 | 88.3 | 82.6 - 93.9 |
Toilet use | 0 | 0 | 5.1 | 0.1 - 9.5 | 94.9 | 90.5 - 99.3 |
Transferring | 0 | 0 | 14.1 | 8.0 - 20.2 | 85.9 | 79.8 - 92.0 |
Urine/bowel continence | 1.5 | -0.1 - 3.6 | 12.8 | 7.0 - 18.5 | 85.7 | 79.7 - 91.7 |
Eating | 0 | 0 | 13.9 | 7.3 - 20.5 | 86.1 | 79.5 - 92.7 |
Instrumental ADLs
| ||||||
Cleaning house | 1.5 | -1.5 - 4.6 | 27.7 | 16.5 - 38.9 | 70.7 | 59.4 - 82.1 |
Cooking | 0 | 0 | 20.5 | 11.1 - 30.0 | 79.5 | 70.0 - 89.0 |
Shopping | 0 | 0 | 37.5 | 21.8 - 53.2 | 62.5 | 46.8 - 78.2 |
Travelling | 0 | 0 | 4.4 | 2.0 - 6.9 | 95.6 | 93.1 - 98.0 |
Intellectual ADLs
| ||||||
Writing | 0.5 | -0.2 - 1.2 | 9.3 | 6.4 - 12.2 | 90.2 | 87.2 - 93.1 |
Reading | 1.0 | 0.1 - 1.8 | 13.7 | 10.7 - 16.7 | 85.3 | 82.3 - 88.4 |
Listening to the radio | 0.3 | -0.3 - 0.9 | 29.3 | 24.4 - 34.2 | 70.4 | 65.5 - 75.3 |
Watching TV | 0.2 | -0.2 - 0.7 | 24.1 | 20.1 - 28.1 | 75.7 | 71.7 - 79.7 |
Son/daughter | Grandchild | Spouse | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of ADL | Sample size |
%
|
95%CI
|
%
|
95%CI
|
%
|
95%CI
|
Basic ADLs
| |||||||
Bathing | 218 | 80.7 | 75.5 - 86.0 | 59.6 | 53.0 - 66.2 | 11.9 | 7.6 - 16.3 |
Dressing | 129 | 80.6 | 73.7 - 87.5 | 56.6 | 47.9 - 65.3 | 12.4 | 6.6 - 18.2 |
Toilet use | 101 | 87.1 | 80.5 - 93.8 | 64.4 | 54.9 - 73.9 | 11.9 | 5.5 - 18.3 |
Transferring | 130 | 74.6 | 67.0 - 82.2 | 54.6 | 45.9 - 63.3 | 9.2 | 4.2 - 14.3 |
Urine/bowel continence | 134 | 87.3 | 81.6 - 93.0 | 60.5 | 52.1 - 68.8 | 9.7 | 4.6 - 14.8 |
Eating | 108 | 80.6 | 73.0 - 88.1 | 49.1 | 39.5 - 58.7 | 11.1 | 5.1 - 17.1 |
Instrumental ADLs
| |||||||
Cleaning house | 67 | 74.6 | 63.9 - 85.3 | 71.6 | 60.6 - 82.7 | 4.5 | -0.6 - 9.6 |
Cooking | 75 | 74.7 | 64.6 - 84.7 | 80.0 | 70.7 - 89.3 | 6.7 | 0.9 - 12.5 |
Shopping | 42 | 57.1 | 41.5 - 72.8 | 54.8 | 39.1 - 70.5 | 0 | 0 |
Travelling | 268 | 96.3 | 94.0 - 98.6 | 71.6 | 66.2 - 77.1 | 0.8 | -0.3 - 1.8 |
Intellectual ADLs
| |||||||
Writing | 391 | 32.1 | 27.4 - 36.7 | 25.6 | 21.2 - 29.9 | 1.5 | 0.3 - 2.8 |
Reading | 528 | 36.7 | 32.6 - 40.9 | 37.5 | 33.4 - 41.6 | 1.0 | 0.1 - 1.8 |
Listening to the radio | 347 | 84.7 | 80.9 - 88.5 | 86.5 | 82.8 - 90.1 | 3.5 | 1.5 - 5.4 |
Watching TV | 438 | 79.7 | 75.9 - 83.5 | 82.2 | 78.6 - 85.8 | 4.4 | 2.4 - 6.3 |
Socioeconomic factors/Terms | Basic ADLs | Instrumental ADLs | Intellectual ADLs | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coef. |
IRR
|
P-value
|
Coef. |
IRR
|
P-value
|
Coef. |
IRR
|
P-value
| |
Aged 60-69 yr | -1.382 | 0.25 | 0.002 | -0.712 | 0.49 | < 0.001 | -0.415 | 0.66 | < 0.001 |
Aged 70-79 yr | -1.385 | 0.25 | < 0.001 | -0.366 | 0.69 | < 0.001 | -0.160 | 0.85 | < 0.001 |
Male | 0.424 | 1.53 | < 0.001 | -0.378 | 0.69 | < 0.001 | |||
High school & above education | -0.459 | 0.63 | < 0.001 | -1.990 | 0.14 | < 0.001 | |||
Primary/secondary school education | -0.347 | 0.71 | < 0.001 | -0.810 | 0.45 | < 0.001 | |||
Able to read and write | -0.248 | 0.78 | < 0.001 | -0.284 | 0.75 | < 0.001 | |||
Married | -0.176 | 0.84 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Separated/divorced/single | 0.303 | 1.35 | 0.022 | ||||||
Living with spouse | -0.118 | 0.89 | 0.006 | 0.116 | 1.12 | 0.041 | |||
Living with son/daughter | 0.209 | 1.23 | 0.001 | ||||||
Living with grandchild | 0.152 | 1.16 | 0.002 | 0.083 | 1.09 | 0.026 | |||
Living alone | -2.690 | 0.07 | 0.010 | -0.452 | 0.64 | < 0.001 | |||
Household head | -0.911 | 0.40 | 0.013 | -0.251 | 0.78 | < 0.001 | |||
Working or employed | -2.537 | 0.08 | 0.003 | -0.530 | 0.59 | < 0.001 | -0.175 | 0.84 | < 0.001 |
Household size ≤4 | -0.117 | 0.89 | 0.002 | ||||||
Lowland area | -0.234 | 0.79 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Highland area | -0.178 | 0.84 | < 0.001 | -0.088 | 0.92 | 0.003 | |||
Living below NPL | 0.094 | 1.10 | 0.012 | 0.090 | 1.10 | 0.019 | |||
Richest quintile | -0.413 | 0.66 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Richer quintile | -0.297 | 0.74 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Middle quintile | -0.215 | 0.81 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Poorer quintile | -0.175 | 0.84 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Number of NCDs | 0.634 | 1.88 | < 0.001 | 0.067 | 1.07 | < 0.001 | 0.074 | 1.08 | < 0.001 |
Constant | -1.400 | < 0.001 | 0.857 | < 0.001 | 1.295 | < 0.001 | |||
Pseudo R
2
| 0.245 | 0.153 | 0.200 |