Background
Methods
Patients and tissue biopsies
Clinical parameters assessment
Laboratory examinations
Measurement of fat and muscle tissue on computed tomography scans
ELISA
Statistical analyses
Results
Patient cohort
Control | PDAC | CP | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
non-cachexia | cachexia |
p
| non-cachexia | cachexia |
p
| ||
N | 13 | 23 | 13 | 19 | 6 | ns | |
Female | 6 (46%) | 11 (48%) | 6 (46%) | ns | 10 (53%) | 2 (33%) | |
Male | 7 (54%) | 12 (52%) | 7 (54%) | 9 (47%) | 4 (67% | ||
Age, years | 63 (19–78) | 68 (41–88) | 61 (52–77) | ns | 50 (36–77) | 49 (44–73) | ns |
UICC stage | nr | I 2 (9%) | ns | nr | nr | ||
II 16 (70%) | II 5 (38%) | ||||||
III 2 (9%) | III 1 (8%) | ||||||
IV 3 (12%) | IV 7 (54%) | ||||||
ASA I | 18% | 7% | 9% | ns | 23% | ns | |
II | 73% | 64% | 64% | 46% | 67% | ||
III | 9% | 29% | 27% | 31% | 33% | ||
Jaundice | 0 (0%) | 5 (22%) | 5 (38%) | ns | 0 (0%) | 1 (17%) | ns |
Weight loss, kg | 0.0 (0) | 2 (0–8) | 12,5 (6–34) | < 0.001# | 0 (0–6) | 12,5 (8–40) | < 0.001## |
Weight loss, % | 0.0 (0) | 3.0 (0–9.2) | 14.0 (10.0–26.6) | < 0.001# | 0 (0–9.1) | 15.7 (11.1–28.6) | < 0.001## |
Perirenal fat, mm | 15.2 (6.7–32.5) | 11.0 (2.0–39.0) | 11.6 (4.0–26.2) | ns | 6 (2.5–22.4) | 7.0 (5.2–19.1) | 0.013§§ |
M. erector spinae, mm | 36.2 (28.9–39.8) | 30.3 (18.7–39.1) | 31.1 (26.0–41.4) | ns | 32.1 (24.3–47.4) | 40.5 (36.7–45.1) | 0.019## |
M. psoas, mm | 37.0 (30.6–53.8) | 38.0 (25.1–43.5) | 32.8 (25.0–39.5) | ns | 37.9 (20.7–51.2) | 28.8 (22.6–35.7) | 0.030°° |
0.039## | |||||||
M. psoas area, mm2 | 1044,2 (876,2–1997,0) | 1022,1 (608,7–1371,8) | 702,1 (527,3–1075,2) | 0.035° | 943,5 (345,7–1971,5) | 714,4 (565,9–931,3) | |
0.031# | |||||||
Subcutaneous fat medial, mm | 17.8 (6.7–62.6) | 14.0 (3.0–60.6) | 20.7 (1.1–50.4) | ns | 8.2 (0.6–62.3) | 6.3 (2.5–31.2) | |
Subcutaneous fat lateral, mm | 45.0 (29.1–92.0) | 37.1 (14.9–77.5) | 38.3 (7.7–72.4) | ns | 33.5 (4.3–94.5) | 34.6 (22.3–45.3) |
T (1–4) | N (0,1) | Number of positive lymph nodes | Number of removed lymph nodes | Liver metastases (yes or no) | Distant metastases (yes or no) | UICC (1–4) | Grading (1–4) | Resection status (R0, R1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plasma TIMP-1, ng/ml | Spearman’s correlation | .138 | −.061 | −.189 | .200 | .375 | .160 | .222 | −.026 | .049 |
Significance (2-tailed) | .491 | .768 | .355 | .326 | .024 | .381 | .194 | .887 | .821 | |
N | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 36 | 32 | 36 | 32 | 24 |
TIMP-1 levels in patients with jaundice and cachexia
TIMP-1 and clinical parameters of cancer cachexia
ASA | Height, m | Weight, kg | BMI, kg/m2 | Weight loss, kg | Weight loss, % | Cachexia (yes or no) | Lung function: FEV1, l | Lung function: FEV1, % | Lung function: FVC, l | Lung function: FVC, % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plasma TIMP-1, ng/ml | Spearman’s correlation | .305 | −.217 | .028 | .161 | .304 | .281 | .293 | −.374 | −.246 | −.546 | −.305 |
Significance (2-tailed) | .027 | .099 | .831 | .224 | .017 | .034 | .020 | .035 | .175 | .001 | .089 | |
N | 53 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 61 | 57 | 63 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 |
Plasma TIMP-1, ng/ml | Liver TIMP-1 mRNA | Pancreas TIMP-1 mRNA | CA19–9, U/ml | CEA, ng/ml | CRP, mg/dl | Hemoglobin, g/dl | Iron, μg/dl | Ferritin, ng/ml | LDH, U/l | Leucocytes, G/l | Thrombocytes, G/l | Creatinine, mg/dl | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plasma TIMP-1, ng/ml | Spearman’s correlation | 1.000 | .374 | −.632 | .074 | .114 | .201 | −.260 | −.209 | .755 | −.042 | .119 | .049 | −.029 |
Significance (2-tailed) | . | .188 | .368 | .649 | .521 | .246 | .027 | .537 | .005 | .864 | .317 | .679 | .809 | |
N | 75 | 14 | 4 | 40 | 34 | 35 | 72 | 11 | 12 | 19 | 73 | 73 | 71 |
Bilirubin, mg/dl | Albumin, g/dl | Protein, g/dl | Alkaline phosphatase, U/l | Cholinesterase, U/l | Quick, % | GOT, U/l | GPT, U/l | GGT, U/l | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plasma TIMP-1, ng/ml | Spearman’s correlation | .033 | −.112 | −.270 | .228 | −.414 | −.098 | .121 | .166 | .184 |
Significance (2-tailed) | .785 | .543 | .096 | .101 | .010 | .419 | .434 | .172 | .124 | |
N | 72 | 32 | 39 | 53 | 38 | 70 | 44 | 69 | 71 |