The management of omphalocele aims to reintegrate the herniated viscera in the peritoneal cavity and to repair the anterior abdominal wall [
5]. This reinstatement must be done without abdominal compression. So it is necessary, after reinstatement of viscera into the abdomen and before abdominal wall repair, to check whether there is any cyanosis, respiratory and circulatory disorders [
2,
6]. The abdominal wall's closure with tension causes respiratory and circulatory disorders, intestinal necrosis and infection leading to death [
2]. In addition to the advances in pediatric anesthesia and resuscitation, the use of prosthesis has also increased the postoperative survival of children with omphalocele [
7,
8]. In developing countries, prosthesis are often unavailable and we often use non-surgical treatment in emergency according to the Grob's method. The Grob's method consist in staining of the omphalocele's membrane with an antiseptic until total skinning [
4,
6]. A bandage can be done after staining, especially for huge omphalocele as in our case. The skinning starts from the neck of the omphalocele and spreads up to the top in a centripetal way. The full skinning is obtained at about 3 months. After this, it remains a disembowelment, that requires a surgical repair later. The Grob's method has many advantages: it permits us to avoid the risks of neonatal surgery in our conditions; it doesn't need prosthetic materials and it is well indicated in developing countries. During treatment with Grob's method, the buccal feeding is continued, whereas the treatment with prosthesis requires parenteral feeding. The parenteral feeding is expensive and is not always available in most of developing countries. The Grob's method needs the integrity of the omphalocele's membrane. It is not indicated when the omphalocele's membrane is ruptured as it was the case in our patient. It is therefore difficult to manage the rupture of a huge omphalocele when prosthesis are not available. This rupture can be prevented if prenatal US scan diagnosis is done. The US scan diagnosis enable the obstetrician, to estimate the volume of the swelling and to select the less traumatic mode of delivery for the baby. In our case, prenatal US scan diagnosis was not done, and the omphalocele was discovered, ruptured at birth.
Small omphalocele (type I) can benefit from single surgical repair. Those that cannot benefit from single surgical repair can be processed according to the technique of Ladd and Gross [
6]; this technique consist in cutting off the omphalocele's membrane, and then, reinstatement of viscera into the abdomen, and surgical closure of only the skin without the aponeurosis. This creates a surgical disembowelment, that should be repaired later. If the volume of viscera out of the abdomen is important, the skin closure can require lateral incision of discharge, in order to increase the volume of abdominal cavity. However, there are some risks of infection associated with these incisions of discharge, so it is better to avoid them and to choose gradual reduction using a prosthesis (silastic) [
7,
8]. This gradual reduction is followed later by a correct abdominal wall repair [
7]. This technique greatly improves the vital prognosis of infants with omphalocele, unless there are other debilitating malformations associated with [
5]. The rupture of an omphalocele is an extreme surgical emergency that cannot be managed according to Grob's method [
4,
6]. When the ruptured omphalocele is small, surgical repair without prosthesis may be done. When it is huge, the use of prosthesis becomes necessary [
9]. It is well known that the surgical repair of these huge omphalocele without prosthesis, leads to fatal complications [
2]. One can doubt on ability of healing, of a sutured membrane of omphalocele; but our experience proves the contrary. It is better, to preserve the vital prognosis of the newborn baby, by suturing the membrane in one plan with separated stitches using thick suture material (polyglycolic acid N° 0 in our case). After the reconstitution of the membrane, the treatment is continued by staining the membrane with an antiseptic (aqueous eosin in our case). The full skinning of the membrane is obtained within 2 to 3 months, and the surgical treatment of the residual disembowelment can be done later.