Introduction
Methods
Participants and setting
Data sources and measures
Statistical analyses
Results
Participants
Participant characteristics (n = 3619) | M (SD) or n (%) |
---|---|
Age at first trimester (years) | 31.54 (5.07) |
Race | |
White | 2487 (68.7%) |
Unknown | 565 (15.6%) |
Asian | 234 (6.5%) |
Black or African American | 174 (4.8%) |
Other, native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska native | 159 (4.4%) |
Ethnicity | |
Non-Hispanic | 2850 (78.8%) |
Hispanic | 723 (20.0%) |
Unknown | 46 (1.3%) |
Parity | |
Multiparous | 1932 (53.4%) |
Nulliparous | 1681 (46.4%) |
Unknown | 6 (0.2%) |
Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 39.08 (1.93) |
Preterm birth | 276 (7.6%) |
Prediction of postpartum depression (Table 2)
First trimester n = 2314 | Second trimester n = 781 | Third trimester n = 2104 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate OR (95% CI, p-value) | Multivariate OR (95% CI, p-value) | Univariate OR (95% CI, p-value) | Multivariate OR (95% CI, p-value) | Univariate OR (95% CI, p value) | Multivariate OR (95% CI, p-value) | |
Sleep disturbance | 1.71 (1.11–2.66, p = 0.016) | 1.90 (1.18–3.13, p = 0.009) | 4.66 (1.93–13.87, p = 0.002) | 3.74 (1.47–11.49, p = 0.010) | 2.67 (1.63–4.60, p < 0.001) | 3.43 (1.88–6.78, p < 0.001) |
Fatigue | 3.21 (1.33–10.56, p = 0.023) | 3.44 (1.27–14.11, p = 0.038) | 1.97 (0.85–5.35, p = 0.141) | 1.42 (0.58–3.99, p = 0.463) | 2.19 (1.25–4.16, p = 0.010) | 2.24 (1.18–4.71, p = 0.021) |
Appetite disturbance | 1.91 (1.24–3.00, p = 0.004) | 2.10 (1.30–3.47, p = 0.003) | 2.32 (1.06–4.83, p = 0.028) | 2.01 (0.78–4.76, p = 0.124) | 2.27 (1.41–3.56, p = 0.001) | 2.15 (1.23–3.65, p = 0.006) |
Correlates of prenatal sleep disturbance (Table 3)
First trimester | Second trimester | Third trimester | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No sleep disturbance | Sleep disturbance | p-value | No sleep disturbance | Sleep disturbance | p-value | No sleep disturbance | Sleep disturbance | p-value | |
n | 1636 | 1759 | 523 | 662 | 1207 | 1673 | |||
Age at first trimester (years) | 32.05 (4.86) | 31.23 (5.34) | < 0.001 | 31.31 (5.27) | 31.15 (5.75) | 0.625 | 31.55 (5.04) | 31.11 (5.18) | 0.022 |
Race | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.685 | ||||||
White | 1182 (50.0) | 1181 (50.0) | 336 (43.0) | 445 (57.0) | 832 (42.5) | 1126 (57.5) | |||
Unknown | 227 (45.8) | 269 (54.2) | 80 (41.2) | 114 (58.8) | 186 (39.7) | 283 (60.3) | |||
Asian | 99 (51.6) | 93 (48.4) | 54 (66.7) | 27 (33.3) | 81 (43.8) | 104 (56.2) | |||
Black or African American | 65 (34.9) | 121 (65.1) | 28 (38.4) | 45 (61.6) | 50 (38.2) | 81 (61.8) | |||
Other, native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska native | 63 (39.9) | 95 (60.1) | 25 (44.6) | 31 (55.4) | 58 (42.3) | 79 (57.7) | |||
Ethnicity | 0.147 | 0.481 | 0.697 | ||||||
Non-Hispanic | 1333 (49.0) | 1386 (51.0) | 413 (45.0) | 505 (55.0) | 945 (42.1) | 1302 (57.9) | |||
Hispanic | 283 (44.8) | 349 (55.2) | 104 (41.6) | 146 (58.4) | 249 (41.8) | 347 (58.2) | |||
Unknown | 20 (45.5) | 24 (54.5) | 6 (35.3) | 11 (64.7) | 13 (35.1) | 24 (64.9) | |||
Parity | < 0.001 | 0.163 | 0.008 | ||||||
Multiparous | 658 (43.9) | 841 (56.1) | 219 (41.2) | 313 (58.8) | 513 (38.9) | 807 (61.1) | |||
Nulliparous | 965 (51.7) | 901 (48.3) | 300 (46.7) | 343 (53.3) | 691 (44.6) | 860 (55.4) | |||
Unknown | 13 (43.3) | 17 (56.7) | 4 (40.0) | 6 (60.0) | 3 (33.3) | 6 (66.7) | |||
Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 273.42 (14.21) | 272.72 (13.67) | 0.144 | 274.59 (11.83) | 273.35 (12.53) | 0.083 | 274.74 (11.64) | 274.46 (11.21) | 0.523 |
Preterm birth | 136 (44.3) | 171 (55.7) | 0.171 | 35 (39.3) | 54 (60.7) | 0.401 | 87 (43.3) | 114 (56.7) | 0.737 |