Introduction
Methods
Data source
Population selection
Clinical and laboratory data
Estimated plasma volume status equations
Statistical analysis
Results
The characteristics of ePVS
The characteristics of study patients
Characteristic | Q1 (n = 511) | Q2 (n = 1023) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years old) | 60.75 ± 0.59 | 70.28 ± 0.42 | < 0.001 |
Man | 443 (86.69%) | 561 (54.83%) | < 0.001 |
BMI | 29.62 ± 0.26 | 27.16 ± 0.17 | < 0.001 |
Anion gap | 13.29 ± 0.10 | 13.17 ± 0.10 | 0.390 |
SBP | 116.38 ± 0.31 | 110.68 ± 0.45 | < 0.001 |
DBP | 66.72 ± 0.40 | 58.55 ± 0.29 | < 0.001 |
MBP (mmHg) | 82.30 ± 0.41 | 76.04 ± 0.29 | < 0.001 |
Heart rate (beats/minute) | 76.93 ± 0.59 | 82.35 ± 0.48 | < 0.001 |
Respiratory rate (beats/minute) | 18.28 ± 0.13 | 18.38 ± 0.11 | 0.6572 |
Temperature (°C) | 36.78 ± 0.02 | 36.83 ± 0.02 | 0.215 |
SPO2 (%) | 96.98 ± 0.10 | 97.54 ± 0.05 | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
Diabetes | 116 (22.70%) | 270 (26.39%) | 0.246 |
Hypertension | 177 (34.64%) | 489 (47.80%) | 0.002 |
Liver disease | 12 (2.35%) | 29 (2.83%) | 0.708 |
renal_failure | 18 (3.52%) | 126 (12.32%) | < 0.001 |
Laboratory parameters | |||
BUN (mg/dL) | 16.03 ± 0.31 | 21.02 ± 0.65 | < 0.001 |
Bicarbonate | 22.88 ± 0.15 | 21.54 ± 0.13 | < 0.001 |
Creatinine (umol/L) | 0.91 ± 0.02 | 1.23 ± 0.04 | < 0.001 |
Chloride (mmol/L) | 102.41 ± 0.17 | 102.69 ± 0.15 | 0.272 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 132.54 ± 2.00 | 119.33 ± 1.27 | < 0.001 |
Hematocrit (%) | 38.74 ± 0.12 | 28.77 ± 0.15 | < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.54 ± 0.04 | 9.84 ± 0.05 | < 0.001 |
Platelet (109/L) | 223.66 ± 3.09 | 206.27 ± 2.93 | < 0.001 |
PH | 7.34 ± 0.004 | 7.32 ± 0.003 | < 0.001 |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 3.75 ± 0.02 | 3.74 ± 0.02 | 0.595 |
APTT (seconds) | 37.40 ± 1.06 | 36.75 ± 0.62 | 0.474 |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 137.06 ± 0.13 | 135.79 ± 0.13 | < 0.001 |
WBC (109/L) | 11.66 ± 0.19 | 10.56 ± 0.14 | < 0.001 |
Scoring systems | |||
SOFA | 2.13 ± 0.10 | 4.01 ± 0.10 | < 0.001 |
SIRS | 2.36 ± 0.05 | 2.89 ± 0.03 | < 0.001 |
LODS | 2.33 ± 0.03 | 3.96 ± 0.09 | < 0.001 |
SAPSII | 26.00 ± 0.49 | 32.95 ± 0.56 | < 0.001 |
Treatment | |||
norepinephrine | 28 (5.48%) | 184 (17.99%) | < 0.001 |
CRRT, n (%) | 3 (0.60%) | 61 (5.96%) | < 0.001 |
PCI | 419 (82.0%) | 343 (33.53%) | < 0.001 |
CABG | 28 (5.48%) | 228 (22.29%) | < 0.001 |
ICU LOS, days | 2.94 ± 0.19 | 4.86 ± 0.23 | < 0.001 |
HOS LOS (days) | 5.23 ± 0.22 | 8.92 ± 0.29 | < 0.001 |
HOS mortality, n (%) | 16 (3.13%) | 120 (11.73%) | < 0.001 |
30-day mortality, n (%) | 24 (4.70%) | 146 (14.27%) | < 0.001 |
EPVS levels and all-cause in-hospital mortality of AMI
Variable | Unadjusted model | Model I | Model II | Model III | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CIs) | P value | HR (95% CIs) | P value | HR (95% CIs) | P value | HR (95% CIs) | P value | |
In-hospital mortality | ||||||||
ePVS | ||||||||
Q1 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||||
Q2 | 1.09 (1.06–1.12) | < 0.001 | 1.06 (1.03–1.10) | < 0.001 | 1.05 (1.01–1.08) | 0.009 | 1.04 (1.01–1.17) | 0.023 |
30 Day mortality | ||||||||
ePVS | ||||||||
Q1 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||||
Q2 | 1.10 (1.06–1.12) | < 0.001 | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 0.002 | 1.04 (1.00–1.07) | 0.047 | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) | 0.105 |
Subgroup analyses
Characteristic | N | Q 1 (Ref) | Q 2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | P value | |||
Age (years old) | ||||
< 65 | 703 | Ref | 1.07 (1.04–1.10) | < 0.001 |
≥ 65 | 831 | Ref | 1.08 (1.02–1.14) | 0.010 |
Gender | ||||
Male | 1008 | Ref | 1.09 (1.06–1.12) | < 0.001 |
Female | 526 | Ref | 1.05 (0.97–1.15) | 0.209 |
BMI, kg/m2 | ||||
< 27 | 723 | Ref | 1.09 (1.03–1.14) | 0.002 |
≥ 27 | 811 | Ref | 1.09 (1.05–1.13) | < 0.001 |
MBP, mmHg | ||||
< 75 | 619 | Ref | 1.07 (1.00–1.15) | 0.049 |
≥ 75 | 915 | Ref | 1.08 (1.04–1.11) | < 0.001 |
PCI | ||||
Yes | 987 | Ref | 1.08 (1.04–1.11) | < 0.001 |
NO | 547 | Ref | 1.07 (0.99–1.16) | 0.070 |
CABG | ||||
Yes | 256 | Ref | 1.06 (0.97–1.15) | 0.196 |
NO | 1278 | Ref | 1.11 (1.07–1.14) | < 0.001 |
CRRT | ||||
Yes | 64 | Ref | 1.03 (0.58–1.81) | 0.925 |
NO | 1470 | Ref | 1.08 (1.05–1.11) | < 0.001 |
Norepinephrine | ||||
Yes | 212 | Ref | 1.10 (0.91–1.33) | 0.335 |
NO | 1322 | Ref | 1.04 (1.02–1.07) | < 0.001 |