Introduction
Material and methods
The study area and the demographic background
Site selection methods and procedures
Informant selection and approaches
Ways of data collection and type of data collected
Plant collection and identification
Data analysis
Ethical consideration
Results
Demographic features of the informants
Sex | Age group
(in yrs) | Educational status | Marital status | Religious type | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
19-34 | 35-50 | 51-85 | Illiterate | Religious education | Modern education | Single | Married | Orthodox | Muslim | |
Male | 22 | 25 | 38 | 38 | 17 | 30 | 9 | 76 | 83 | 3 |
Female | 5 | 7 | 8 | 13 | 0 | 7 | 8 | 12 | 19 | 1 |
Total
| 27 | 32 | 46 | 51 | 17 | 37 | 17 | 88 | 101 | 4 |
Indigenous ecological knowledge of people in the study area
Landscape(ethno-topographic)types | Soil
(ethnopedologic and scientific)
types | Vegetation
(ethnofloristic)
types | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amharic | English | Amharic | English | Scientific | Amharic | English |
WOTAGEBA | Up and down | KEYATIE | Red soil | Luvisols | KUTQUATO | Shrub |
TERRARAMA | Mountainous | WALKA | Black soil | Vertisols | GITOSH | Grass land |
MEDAMA/MESK | Plain | SERBOLA | Black & white | Anthrosols | CHAKA | Forest |
SHELEQUAMA | Valley | CHINCHA | Brown | Leptosols | DENE | Plantation |
KOREBTA/GOBA | Outcrop land | BORENK | White | Cambisols | CHEBECHEB | Wetland (edaphic grassland) |
DAGET | Hilly | |||||
SINKURKUR | Stony place |
Medicinal plant diversity and distribution
No | Family | No of species in each | % of total |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Asteraceae | 14 | 8.6 |
2 | Fabaceae | 13 | 8.0 |
3 | Solanaceae | 10 | 6.1 |
4 | Euphorbiaceae | 8 | 4.9 |
5 | Lamiaceae | 7 | 4.3 |
6 | Malvaceae | 6 | 3.7 |
7 | Apiaceae | 5 | 3.1 |
8 | Acanthaceae, Amarantaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae (six families) | 4 | 2.5 |
9 | Convolvulaceae, Moraceae, Rhamnaceae, Poaceae, Polygonaceae, Oleaceae (six families) | 3 | 1.8 |
10 | Boraginaceae, Cuppressaceae, Loganiaceae, Myrsinaceae, Myrtaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Scrophularaceae, Urticaceae, Apocynaceae (ten families) | 2 | 1.2 |
11 | Other 38 families | 1 | 0.6 |
Scientific Names | Family | Vernacular name (Amharic) | Gf | Ailments treated | At | Pu | CP | Ra | Methods of preparation | Ha | Dn | Co.No. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acacia abyssinica Hochst. ex Benth.* | Fabaceae | Girar | T | Scorpion poison | Hu | B | F | De | Tie with inside part | F | Spr | GC097 |
Acanthus polystachius Del.
| Acanthaceae | Nech kusheshile | S | Rabies | Li | R | F | O | Pound and give with water | Fal | Spr | GC031 |
Acanthus sennii Chiov.* | Acanthaceae | Key kusheshilie | S | Evil eye | Hu | R | FD | Na, O & De | Sniff, drink and fumigate with concoction | F | Wy | GC056 |
Arthritis/rheumatism | Hu | R | F | De & O | Crush & tie or drink with honey | Bo | ||||||
Tape worm | Hu | R | F | O | Pound, immerse in water then drink the juice | |||||||
Achyranthes aspera L. | Amaranthaceae | Telenj | H | Eye problem | Hu | L | F | Op | Pound, immerse to water, squeeze and insert with cotton | Wy | GC025 | |
Wound | Hu | L | FD | De | Crush, powder and tie | |||||||
Wound | Hu | L | F | De | Crush and tie | |||||||
Excessive menstruation | Hu | R | F | O | Crush, insert in water then drink juice | |||||||
Tonsillitis | Hu | L | F | De | Crush and tie | |||||||
Bleeding | Li | R | F | De | Crush and tie | |||||||
Bone fracture | B | R | FD | De | Tie the concoction | |||||||
Bleeding | Hu | R | FD | De | Tie the concoction | |||||||
Tape worm | Hu | R | F | O | Crush, insert in water then drink | |||||||
Acmella caulirhiza Del. | Asteraceae | Kutchamelk | H | Swelling | Hu | L | FD | De | Crush and powder then tie with honey/better | Hg | Pa | GC134 |
Acokanthera schimperi (A.DC.) Schweinf. | Apocynaceae | Merz/Mirez | S | Spider poison | Hu | L | D | De | Crush and powder then cream with butter | Bo | Rr | GC047 |
Hepatitis | Hu | Ap | D | Na, O & De | Crush, dry then fumigate | |||||||
Adiantum capillus-veneris L. | Adiantaceae | Joroasfit | H | Anthrax | Hu | R | F | O | Crush, insert in water then drink the juice | F | Spr | GC027 |
Ear wound | Hu | St | FD | De | Insert into new jewelry hole | |||||||
Allium sativum L. | Alliaceae | Nech shinkurt | H | Evil eye | Hu | Bu | F | Na, O & De | Sniff, drink and fumigate with concoction | Hg | Spr | GC011 |
Malaria | Hu | Bu | F | O | Crush and drink with honey or smash in water then drink | |||||||
Influenza virus | Hu | Bu | F | O | Crush and drink with water | |||||||
Febrile illness | Hu | Bu | F | O | Crush then fumigate or drink the concoction | |||||||
Pneumonia | Hu | Bu | F | O | Chop and eat with honey | |||||||
Aloe macrocarpa Tod. | Aloaceae | Eret | H | Impotency | Hu | R | F | De | Crush and powder, then cream with butter | Fwl | Rr | GC034 |
Wound | B | Lx | F | De | Creamed | |||||||
Alternanthera pungens Kunth | Amaranthaceae | Midir akef | H | Babies diseases | Hu | L | F | De | Rub, squeeze then cream | Bo | Rr | GC146 |
Alysicarpus quartinianus A.Rich. | Fabaceae | ----------- | H | Ascaris | Hu | R | F | O | Crush then drink with milk | Fwl | Rr | GC142 |
Argemone mexicana L. | Papaveraceae | Yahya eshoh | H | Rabies | Li | R | F | O | Crush then give with water | Rs | Wy | GC058 |
Artemisia afra Jack. ex Willd. | Asteraceae | Chikugn | H | Evil eye | Hu | Ap | FD | Na, O & De | Sniff unprocessed and powder then fumigate and drink concoction | Hg | Rr | GC168 |
Asparagus africanus Lam. | Asparagaceae | Yesiet kest | S | Impotency, gonnoria,& syphilis | Hu | R | DF | O | Crush, infusion with honey then drink the juice | Fal | Spr | GC151 |
Itchiness | Hu | R | DF | De | Crush, powder then cream with butter | |||||||
Excessive menstruation | Hu | R | F | O | Chew and swallow the juice | |||||||
Evil eye | Hu | R | DF | Na, O & De | Sniff, drink and fumigate concoction | |||||||
Astragalus atropilosus (Hochst.) Bunge | Fabaceae | ----------- | H | Itchiness | Hu | Ap | D | De | Dry, burn then cream ash with butter | Fal | Spr | GC152 |
Bersama abyssinica Fresen. | Melianthaceae | Azamir | S | Ascaris | Hu | L | FD | O | Crush and powder, boil with tea then drink juice | Aw | Spr | GC107 |
Bidens macroptera (Sch Bip.) ex Chiov. Mesfin | Asteraceae | Adey Abeba | H | Brain cancer | Hu | Fl | D | Na | Powdered | Fal | Wy | GC143 |
Brassica carinata A. Br. | Brassicaceae | Gomen | H | Stomachache & Anthrax | B | Sd | D | O | Grind and drink with water | Hg | Wy | GC176 |
Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Brain. | Euphorbiaceae | Yenebr tifir | T | Expel placenta | Li | B | F | O | Crush then give with water | Rs | Rare | GC089 |
Brucea antidysenterica Swiss Chard. | Simaroubaceae | Waynos/yedaga abalo | H | Wound & Scabies | Hu | L | D | De | Crush, mixed with butter then cream | Fal | Spr | GC086 |
Skin rash | Li | L | D | De | Crush, mix with butter then cream | |||||||
Buddleja polystachya Fresen. | Loganiaceae | Anfar | S | Tonsillitis | Hu | Sh | F | De | Tie and cream concoction | F | Spr | GC062 |
Intestinal parasite | Hu | L | D | O | Crush and powder, immerse in tej then drink the juice | |||||||
Excessive menstruation | Hu | L | F | Va | Make soft by rubbing, and insert with new cloth until bleeding stops | |||||||
Wound | Hu | Sh | F | De | Crush and tie | |||||||
Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait.f. | Asclepiadaceae | Tobia | S | Hemorrhoid | Hu | Lx | F | De | Cream concoction | Rs | Spr | GC035 |
Expel spine in wound | Hu | Lx | F | De | Cream on point | |||||||
Calpurnia aurea (Ait.) Benth. | Fabaceae | Zikita | S | External parasites | Li | L | F | De | Crush, then wash with water | Bo | Spr | GC020 |
Diarrhea & Bilharziasis | Hu | Sd | D | O | Grind and eat after pounding with honey | |||||||
Bloody diarrhea | B | R | F | O | Crush then drink with water | |||||||
Erthroblastosis | Hu | Sd | D | De & O | Grind and drink with honey or tie powder/concoction on neck | |||||||
Expel foreign things from eye | Hu | L | F | Et | Crush mixture, squeeze then insert with cotton wool | |||||||
Prolonged embryo in uterus | Hu | R | DF | De | Tie concoction on spinal column | |||||||
Capparis tomentosa Lam.* | Capparidaceae | Gimero | S | Evil eye | Hu | R | DF | Na, O & De | Sniff, drink and fumigate concoction | F | Wy | GC023 |
Epidemic | Hu | R | D | De | Burn the concoction and fumigate | |||||||
Capsicum annuum L. | Solanaceae | Karia/keto | H | Malaria | Hu | Fr | F | O | Crush and drink with honey or smash in water then drink | Hg | Wy | GC026 |
Carica papaya L. | Caricaceae | Papya | T | Malaria | Hu | L | F | O | Crush and drink with milk | Hg | Spr | GC098 |
Cough | Hu | R | F | O | Crush and boil with tea then drink juice | |||||||
Carissa spinarum L. * | Apocynaceae | Agam | S | Evil eye | Hu | R | FDD | Na, O & De | Sniff, drink and fumigate concoction | F | Wy | GC021 |
Epidemic | Hu | R | D | Na, O & De | Burn the mixture and fumigate | |||||||
Brain tension/stress | Hu | R | D | Na | Crush then fumigate | |||||||
Cayratia gracilis (Guill.&Perr.) Suesseng | Vitaceae | Aserkush | Cl | Hemorrhoid | Hu | R | F | De | Cream concoction | Fwl | Spr | GC052 |
Celosia trigyna L. | Amaranthaceae | Lemlemcho | H | Tape worm | Hu | Sd | D | O | Grind and drink with water | Hg | Spr | GC132 |
Chenopodium murale L. | Chenopodiaceae | Amedmado | H | Wound | Hu | L | DF | De | Crush then cream with butter | Hg | Rr | GC136 |
Ear problem | Hu | L | F | De | Concoction inserted to ear tube | |||||||
Cicer arietinum L. | Fabaceae | Shinbira | H | Malaria | Hu | Sd | D | O | Germinate then eat with bulb of Allium sativum
| Bo | Wy | GC115 |
Cirsium englerianum O. Hoffm. | Asteraceae | Yahyakusheshilie | H | Beating with stick | Li | St | F | O | Crush, immerse in water then drink juice | F | Spr | GC050 |
Scabies | Hu | Sh | F | De | Crush, roast then cream | |||||||
Influenza virus | Hu | Fr | F | O | Crush and drink with water | |||||||
Citrus aurantifolia Burn. f. | Rutaceae | Lomy | S | Wound | Hu | Fr | F | De | Cream concoction | Hg | Spr | GC169 |
Citrus aurantium L. | Rutaceae | komtatie | S | Hypertension | Hu | Fl | F | O | Drink the juice | Hg | Rr | GC138 |
Clausena anisata (Willd.) Benth. | Rutaceae | Limich | S | Evil eye | Hu | R | D | Na, O & De | Sniff, drink and fumigate with concoction | F | Spr | GC178 |
Clematis simensis Fresen. | Ranunculaceae | Azo areg | Cl | Hemorrhoid | Hu | L | F | De | Crush then tied | F | Spr | GC043 |
Wound | B | L | F | De | Crush then tied | |||||||
Cancer | Hu | L | F | De | Crush and powder then cream | |||||||
Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) Vatke | Lamiaceae | Misroch | S | Evil eye & evil sprit | Hu | L,R &Sd | FD | De & O | Crush, powder then tie on the neck or take with tooth | F | Spr | GC016 |
Clutia lanceolata Forssk. | Euphorbiaceae | Fiyelefej | S | Diarrhea | Hu | R | F | De | Crush then tie on neck region | Fwl | Wy | GC135 |
Bone fracture | Hu | R | F | De | Crush and tie | |||||||
Beating with stick | Li | L | F | O | Crush and give with water | |||||||
Expel ear mites | Hu | Fr | F | Et | Grind, insert into ear tube until it expels mites | |||||||
Coffea arabica L. | Rubiaceae | Bunna | S | Common cold | Hu | L | F | O | Boil, decant then drink the juice | Hg | Spr | GC161 |
Diarrhea | Hu | Fr | F | O | Grind and eat with honey | |||||||
Commelina latifolia Hochst. ex A Rich. | Commelinaceae | Yewuha enkur | H | Wound | Hu | L | F | De | Crush and tie | Ris | Spr | GC116 |
Taenia scaplis | Hu | L | D | De | Crush and powder then cream with butter | |||||||
Convolvulus arvensis L. | Convolvulaceae | Este filastot | H | Impotency | Hu | R | DF | O | Crush and powder then drink with GIN (areki) | Fwl | Rr | GC175 |
Anthrax | Hu | R | F | O | Peel, chew then swallow juice | |||||||
Convolvulus sagittatus Thunb. | Convolvulaceae | -------------- | H | Anthrax | Hu | R | F | O | Peel, chew then swallow juice | Ah | Rr | GC127 |
Cordia africana Lam.* | Boraginaceae | Wanza | T | Eye problem | Li | L | DF | Op | Burn, then insert ash with butter | Bo | Wy | GC133 |
Fire burn | B | L | DF | De | Burn, then cream the ash | |||||||
Anthrax | Li | L | F | O | Crush and give with water | |||||||
Expel ear mites | Hu | L | F | Et | Rub, squeeze, insert then cover cotton | |||||||
Crepis rueppellii Scli-Bip. | Asteraceae | ----------- | H | Anthrax | Li | R | F | O | Crush and give with water | Fwl | Rr | GC070 |
Crotalaria karagwensis Taub. | Fabaceae | Yeayt ater | H | Itchiness | Hu | L | FD | De | Crush and powder then cream with butter | Ah | Rr | GC051 |
Croton macrostachyus Del. | Euphorbiaceae | Misana | T | Intestinal & abdominal problems | Hu | L | F | O | Boil, grind then eat with butter, shirro or teff injera
| Aw | Wy | GC130 |
Stomachache | Hu | Sh | F | O | Drink concoction | |||||||
Bloating | Li | Sh | F | O | Crush and give with water | |||||||
Ring worm | Hu | Sp | F | De | Cream affected part | |||||||
Evil eye | Hu | R | DF | De & O | Sniff and drink the concoction | |||||||
Snake poison | Hu | R | F | O | Crush and drink with water | |||||||
Tape worm | Hu | B | F | O | Crush, pound, then drink juice | |||||||
Tape worm | Hu | L | F | O | Boil, grind, make it WOTE (souse) with butter then eat with ENJERA
| |||||||
Paralyzed leg | Hu | R | DF | De | Crush with Carissa spinarum root mix with water and immerse affected part | |||||||
Cucumis ficifolius A. Rich. | Cucurbitaceae | Yemidir enbuay | H | Bloody diarrhea | B | R | F | O | Crush and mix with milk | Bo | Rr | GC139 |
Evil eye | Hu | R | DF | Na, O & De | Sniff, drink and fumigate concoction | |||||||
Stomachache & Anthrax | Hu | R | F | O | Peel, chew then swallow juice or crush and drink with water | |||||||
Evil eye | Hu | R &Fr | FD | De & O | Crush and tie on neck | |||||||
Wound | Hu | Fr | F | De | Insert the affect part into the fruit | |||||||
Expel ear-mites | Hu | Sh | F | Et | Crush, squeeze then insert | |||||||
Cucurbita pepo L. | Cucurbitaceae | Duba | Cl | Expel placenta | B | Fr | F | O | Chop then boil with water | Hg | Spr | GC166 |
Heart & gastritis problems | B | Fr | F | O | Chop then boil with water | |||||||
Sterile females | Hu | R | F | O | Chew and swallow juice to be fertile | F | Wy | GC082 | ||||
Cupressus lusitanica Mill. | Cuppressaceae | Yeferenge tid | T | Tooth ach | Hu | L | F | O | Boil with salt then take with teeth | |||
Cyathula prostrata (L.) Brume | Amaranthaceae | Aregist | H | Anthrax | Li | L | F | O | Rub, squeeze then give with water | Hg | Pa | GC145 |
Cynodon dactylon (L.)Pers.* | Poaceae | Serdo | H | Snake poison | Hu | Ag | F | O | Chew and absorb the juice | Bo | Wy | GC173 |
Tape worm | Hu | L& St | F | O | Drink the concoction | |||||||
Cynoglossum coeruleum (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) DC | Boraginaceae | Chegogit | H | Febrile illness | Hu | L | F | De & O | Rub, squeeze then cream and drink the juice | Bo | Wy | GC114 |
Expel foreign things from eye | Hu | L | F | Op | Crush mixture, squeeze then insert with cotton wool | |||||||
Spider poison | Hu | L | F | De | Crush, pound then cream with butter | |||||||
Wound | Hu | L | F | De | Crush then cream | |||||||
Eye problem | Hu | L | F | Op | Rub, squeeze then insert one-two droplets | |||||||
Expel ear-mites | Hu | L | F | Et | Rub, insert and squeeze | |||||||
Cyperus dichroostathyus A.Rich. | Cyperaceae | Giramta | H | Trachoma | Hu | Fl | FD | Op | Burn and cream the ash with butter | F | Wy | GC113 |
Datura stramonium L. | Solanaceae | Astenagir | H | Scabies and ear wound | Hu | L | F | De | Crush then cream | Bo | Wy | GC124 |
Expel foreign things from eye | Hu | L | F | Op | Crush mixture, squeeze then insert with cotton wool | |||||||
Dichondra repens J.R.&G.Forst. | Convolvulaceae | Afer kocher | H | Febrile illness | Hu | L | F | De | Rub, squeeze then cream except heart | Fwl | Rr | GC180 |
Diplolophium africanum Turcz. | Apiaceae | Zegerawta | H | Headache | Hu | L | F | Na | Sniff the unprocessed leaf | F | Rr | GC041 |
Rabies | Li | R | F | O | Pound and give with water | |||||||
Dipsacus pinnatifidus Steud. ex A. Rich. | Dipsacaceae | Ferezeng/kelem | H | Rabies | Hu | L | F | Na | Pound and give with water | F | Spr | GC102 |
Discopodium penninervium Hochst. | Solanaceae | Almit | S | Beating with stick | Hu | Sh | F | Na & Et | Crush and give with water | Fal | Rr | GC071 |
Dodonaea angustifolia L.f. | Sapindaceae | Kitkita | S | Scabies | Hu | L | F | De | Crush and cream with butter | F | Wy | GC036 |
Bone fracture | Li | L& St | F | De | Tie twig parts together | |||||||
Tape worm | Hu | R & L | F | O | Pound, immerse in water and drink the diluted mixture | |||||||
Tape worm | Hu | L& St | F | O | Drink the concoction | |||||||
Dovyalis abyssinica (A. Rich.) Warb.* | Flacourtiaceae | Koshim | S | Hemorrhoid | Hu | Fr | F | De | Immerse in water in flat material and sit on | Bo | Rr | GC042 |
Dregea rubicunda Schum. | Asclepiadaceae | Kuandira | Cl | Rabies | Hu | L | F | O | Crush and drink with milk | F | Rr | GC044 |
Wound | Hu | L& B | D | De | Crush, powder then tie | |||||||
Dyschoriste radicans Nees | Acanthaceae | ---------------- | H | Stomachache | Hu | Ap | F | O | Chew and swallow the juice | Fwl | Rr | GC093 |
Embelia schimperi Vatke* | Myrsinaceae | Enkoko | S | Tape worm | Hu | Fr | FD | O | Eat fresh or crush and drink with 'tela difdif’
| Ris | Rr | GC119 |
Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter | Poaceae | Tef | H | Dandruff | Hu | Sd | D | De | Grind, prepare dough then cream on bare head | Hg | Wy | GC040 |
Bloating | Li | Sw | D | O | Give the straw | |||||||
Erythrina abyssinica Lam. ex DC. | Fabaceae | Kuara | T | Febrile illness | Li | B | D | De & O | Crush then fumigate or drink the concoction | Ah | Rr | GC159 |
Eucalyptus globulus Labill. | Myrtaceae | Nech bahirzaf | T | Febrile illness & Common cold | Hu | L | F | Na, O & De | Boil and fumigate with the fume | Fal | Rr | GC167 |
Euclea racemosa Hiern | Ebenaceae | Dedeho | S | Scorpion poison | Hu | R | F | De | Crush and tie | F | Spr | GC018 |
Gonorrhea | Hu | R | FD | O | Boil, crush then eat with honey or butter | |||||||
Eye problem | Li | R | F | Op | Peel and cream with butter for one night then use butter for paint | |||||||
Toothache | Hu | Rb | F | O | Take with teeth | |||||||
Prolonged embryo | Hu | R | DF | De | Tie the concoction on spinal column | |||||||
Euphorbia abyssinica Gmel. | Euphorbiaceae | Kulkual | T | Jaundice | Hu | R | F | O | Crush, immerse in water then drink or bake with bread then eat | Bo | Wy | GC164 |
Stomach and intestinal problems | Hu | R | F | O | Crush, mix with DORO WOTTE then eat with ENJERA
| |||||||
Rabies | Li | Lx | F | O | Mix with milk | |||||||
Malaria | Hu | Lx | F | O | Eat bake with Eragrostis tef dough | |||||||
Hemorrhoid | Hu | Lx | F | De | Cream the concoction | |||||||
Skin diseases | Hu | Fl | D | De | Crush, powder, then cream with honey | |||||||
Euphorbia tirucalli L.
| Euphorbiaceae | Kinchib | S | Wound | B | Lx | F | De | Paint the affected part | Ah | Wy | GC131 |
Hemorrhoid | Hu | Lx | F | De | Cream the concoction | |||||||
Wound | Hu | Lx | F | De | Cream the concoction | |||||||
Ferula communis L. * | Apiaceae | Dog | H | Increase sexual needs | Li | R | F | O | Pound, then give with INGERA and butter | F | Wy | GC072 |
Evil sprit | Hu | R | DF | De | Crush and fumigate | |||||||
Blood flow | Hu | R | F | De & O | Crush, immerse in water then give for newly delivered mother | |||||||
Lung cancer (TV) | Hu | R | F | O | Crush and drink with water | |||||||
Erthroblastosis | Hu | R | DF | De | Grind and drink with honey or tie powder (concoction) on neck | |||||||
Impotency | Hu | R | F | O | Drink concoction with honey | |||||||
Ficus carica L. | Moraceae | Beles | S | Wound | Hu | Lx | F | De | Cream the affected part | Fwl | Rr | GC104 |
Ficus sur Forssk.* | Moraceae | Sholla | T | Toothache | Hu | B | F D | O | Take by teeth | Ris | Spr | GC090 |
Ficus vasta Forssk.* | Moraceae | Warka | T | Wound | Hu | Lx | F | De | Cream the concoction | Fal | Rr | GC162 |
Foeniculum vulgare Miller | Apiaceae | Ensilal | H | Cough | Hu | Ag | F | O | Boil with tea then drink | Bo | Rr | GC137 |
Asma | L& St | F | O | Crush, immerse with milk then drink | ||||||||
Urinary retention | Hu | L& St | F | O | Cook in water then drink the juice | |||||||
Gardenia ternifolia Schumach. & Thonn.* | Rubiaceae | Gambillo | T | Erthroblastosis | Hu | R | DF | De | Grind and drink with honey or tie powder/concoction on neck | Bo | Rr | GC087 |
Gossypium barbadense L. | Malvaceae | Tit | S | Snake bite | Hu | R | DF | De & O | Tie on neck or chew, absorb the juice | Hg | Rr | GC096 |
Tonsillitis | Hu | Fr | D | O | Grind then drink the liquid | |||||||
Grewia ferruginea Hochst. ex A. Rich.* | Tiliaceae | Lenquata | S | Expel placenta | Li | B | F | O | Peel the inside part, chop, emulsify with water then give | F | Wy | GC123 |
Dandruff | Hu | B | F | De | Wash with inside part | |||||||
Guizotia schimperi Sch. Bip.ex Walp. | Asteraceae | Mech | H | Stomachache | Hu | R | F | O | Chew and swallow the juice | Fwl | Wy | GC073 |
Wound | Li | Ag | F | De | Rub the part affected by ticks | |||||||
Helinus mystacinus (Ait.) E. Mey. ex Steud. | Rhamnaceae | Esat abrid | Cl | Fire burn | Hu | L | F | De | Crush and tie | F | Spr | GC039 |
Heteromorpha arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. &Schldl. | Apiaceae | Yegib mirkuz | S | Snake bite | Hu | R | F | De & O | Chew, absorb and swallow or tie fresh on neck | Fal | Rr | GC015 |
Hibiscus macranthus Hochst. ex A.Rich. | Malvaceae | Nacha | S | Wound | Hu | L | F | De | Chew and cream with cotton | F | Spr | GC064 |
Huernia macrocarpa (A.Rich) Sprenger | Asclepiadaceae | Yemidir kulkual | H | General medicine | Li | Ag | F | O | Chop and give or chop and give after baking with black barley | Fwl | Rr | GC100 |
Hypericum quartinianum A.Rich | Hypericaceae | Amujia | S | Urinary problem | Hu | R | D | O | Crush, powder then eat with honey | F | Spr | GC046 |
Stomachache | Hu | L | F | O | Chew and absorb the liquid | |||||||
Indigofera arrecta Hochst. Ex A. Rich. | Fabaceae | --------- | H | Snake bite | Hu | R | F | O | Chew and absorb the juice | Fal | Rr | GC033 |
Indigofera prieureana Guill &Perr. | Fabaceae | ----------- | H | Anthrax & Stomach ach | Hu | R | F | O | Chew and swallow juice or crush and give with water | Fal | Spr | GC125 |
Jasminum abyssinicum Hochest. ex DC. | Oleaceae | Tenbelel | S | Toothache | Hu | R | F | O | Take with teeth | F | Wy | GC012 |
Snake bite | Hu | Sh | F | O | Crush and drink with water | |||||||
Jasminum grandiflorum L. | Oleaceae | Terhareg | Cl | Evil eye | Hu | R | FD | De & O | Sniff, drink and fumigate with concoction | F | Spr | GC085 |
Juniperus procera Hochst ex. Engl. | Cuppressaceae | Tid | T | Urine retention | Hu | Fr | FD | O | Boil with TEJ then drink | F | Spr | GC185 |
Scrotum swelling | Hu | Gm | F | De & O | Cream | |||||||
Justicia schimperiana (Hochst. ex Nees) T.Anders. | Acanthaceae | Smiza | S | Wound | Hu | L | DF | De | Crush and powder then cream | Ah | Wy | GC154 |
External parasite | Li | L | F | De | Wash with fresh part | |||||||
Anthrax | Hu | Sh | F | O | Crush, mix with water then drink the juice | |||||||
Diarrhea | B | L | F | O | Smash, mix with water then drink the juice | |||||||
Common cold & Hasma | Hu | L | F | Na | Sniff unprocessed or after rubbing | |||||||
Jaundice | Hu | L | F | De &Na | Boil and fumigate | |||||||
Tape worm | Hu | L& St | F | O | Drink the concoction | |||||||
Evil eye | Hu | R | DF | Na, O & De | Sniff, drink and fumigate concoction | |||||||
Rabies | Li | R | F | O | Pound and give with water | |||||||
Stomachache | Hu | L | F | O | Crush and then drink juice | |||||||
Kalanchoe laciniata L. | Crassulaceae | Endahula | H | General medicine | Li | R | F | De | Peel, tie with tiny rope then insert through skin on neck region | Fwl | Wy | GC084 |
Swelling | Li | Ag | F | De | Heat and immediately touch part while hot | |||||||
Febrile illness | Li | R | F | O | Crush and give with water | |||||||
Tape worm | Hu | Ap | F | O | Boil with Cicer arietinum cotyledons and eat cotyledons or crush and mix with butter and drink | |||||||
Lactuca intermis Forssk. | Asteraceae | Dememerarit | H | Broken bone | B | R | DF | De | Tie on the problematic part | Fal | Wy | GC118 |
Amoeba | Hu | R | F | O | Chew and swallow the juice | |||||||
Wound | B | Lx | F | De | Cream after removing the ticks | |||||||
Laggera tomentosa (Sch.Bip. ex A. Rich.) Oliv. & Hiern | Asteraceae | Keskeso/Shetie | H | Swelling | Hu | L | DF | De | Rub and tie or dry, crush , mix with honey and lemon juice then tie | Fwl | Wy | GC038 |
Laggera crispata (Vahl) Hepper & Wood | Asteraceae | Keskesso/ alshasume | H | Gastric & Stomachache | Hu | L | F | O | Chew and swallow the juice | Fal | Wy | GC075 |
Tape worm | Hu | L | F | O | Crush and drink with water | |||||||
Stop blood flow after birth | Hu | R | F | De | Crush, immerse in water then spray on newly delivered mother | |||||||
Fire burn | Hu | L | F | De | Rub, squeeze then cream with cotton | |||||||
Leonotis ocymifolia (Burm.f.) Iwarsson | Lamiaceae | Ferezeng | S | Snake bite | Hu | R | F | De | Crush and tie | F | Rr | GC105 |
Leucas martinicensis (Jaq) R.Br. | Lamiaceae | -------------- | H | Prevent diseases relapse | Hu | Ag | DF | De | Fumigate the fume | F | Rr | GC053 |
Linum usitatissimum L. | Linaceae | Telba | H | Wound | Hu | R | D | De | Crush, mix with honey then cream | Fal | Spr | GC184 |
Maesa laceolata Forssk. | Myrsinaceae | Kilabo | S | Womb | Hu | Fr | D | Va | Roast, grind, mix with butter then cream | F | Spr | GC068 |
Malva verticillata L. | Malvaceae | Elit | H | Scabies | Hu | Ag | DF | De | Crush, powder and tie | Ah | Rr | GC103 |
Melia azedarach L. | Meliaceae | Nim | T | Dandruff | Hu | L | F | De | Crush and cream | Hg | Spr | GC160 |
Anti-insecticide | Hu | L | DF | De | Crush and powder, then spray with water | |||||||
Millettia ferruginea (Hochst.) Bak. | Fabaceae | Birbira | T | Leeches | Li | L | F | O | Crush and give with water | F | Rr | GC067 |
Rabies | Li | St | DF | De | Heat stick then touch their body with hot part | |||||||
Mimusops kummel A.DC.* | Sapotaceae | Eshe | T | Hasma | Hu | Fr | F | O | Eat raw fruit | Ris | Rr | GC101 |
Momordica foetida Schumach. | Cucurbitaceae | Yekurahareg/Kuramechat | H | Diarrhea & gonorrhea | Hu | L | F | O | Pound, squeeze then drink | F | Spr | GC165 |
Tonsillitis | Hu | L | F | O | Pound, squeeze then drink | |||||||
Sun stroke | Li | L | F | O | Crush and give with water | |||||||
Evil sprit | Hu | L& R | F | De | Boil and fumigate | |||||||
Myrica salicifolia Hochst. ex A. Rich. | Myricaceae | Shinet | T | Common cold & bleeding | Hu | B | FD | Na | Crush, powder then sniff | Ris | Rr | GC106 |
Eye problem | Li | B | FD | Op | Crush, powder then insert | |||||||
Nicandra physaloides (L.) Gaertn. | Solanaceae | Kassa | H | Fire burn | Hu | L | F | De | Crush, mix with butter then cream | Fal | Spr | GC065 |
Nicotiana tabacum L. | Solanaceae | Tinbaho | S | Wound | Hu | L | D | De | Crush and powder then cream | Hg | Rr | GC080 |
Nuxia congesta R.Br. ex Fresen.
| Loganiaceae | Atquar | S | Tonsillitis | Hu | Sh | F | De & O | Rub, squeeze then drink and put on head | F | Spr | GC088 |
Ocimum urticifolium Koth | Lamiaceae | Dama kesie | S | Febrile illness | Hu | L | F | O | Boil with tea and drink | Hg | Spr | GC129 |
Common cold | Hu | L | F | O | Boil with tea and drink | |||||||
Olea europaea L. subsp. cuspidata (Wall. ex G. Don) Cif. | Oleaceae | Woira | T | Tonsillitis | Hu | L | F | O | Chew and absorb the juice | Ft | Wy | GC079 |
Evil eye | Hu | St | F | De | Beating with fresh stick | |||||||
Eye diseases | Hu | L | F | Op | Pound, squeeze then drop with cotton | |||||||
Deafness | Hu | L | F | Et | Drop concoction with food oil | |||||||
Ormocarpum pubescens (Hochst.) Cuf.ex.Gillett | Fabaceae | Murna | S | Wound | Hu | L | DF | De | Crush, powder then tie | F | Rr | GC014 |
Orobanche ramosa L. | Orobanchaceae | ------ | H | Sunstroke | Li | Ap | D | De | Fumigate | Fwl | Rr | GC181 |
Otostegia integrifolia Benth. | Lamiaceae | Tunjut | S | Epidemic & common cold | Hu | Ag | D | De | Fumigate the house | F | Spr | GC141 |
Coccolida | Li | Ag | D | De | Fumigate | |||||||
Stomachache | Hu | Sh | F | O | Rub, squeeze then drink liquid | |||||||
Pentas lanceolata (Forssk.) Defl. | Rubiaceae | Ras faris | S | Tite problem | Li | L | F | De | Crush, powder then cream | F | Rr | GC066 |
Periploca linearifolia Quant. Dill. & Rich. | Asclepiadaceae | Moider | Cl | Hemorrhoid | Hu | St | F | De | Heat with fire then immediately apply | F | Spr | GC150 |
Hemorrhoid | Hu | R | F | De | Crush and tie | |||||||
Persea americana Mill. | Lauraceae | Avocado | S | Kidney infection | Hu | L | F | O | Boil and drink juice | Hg | Rr | GC183 |
Phyllanthus rotundifolius Willd. | Euphorbiaceae | ----------- | H | Ring worm | Hu | Lx | F | De | Cream | Fal | Rr | GC019 |
Phytolacca dodecandra L’Herit. | Phytolaccaceae | Endod | S | Leeches | Li | L | F | Na | Crush and insert with water | Bo | Spr | GC024 |
Jaundice | Hu | L | F | O | Crush and drink with water | |||||||
External parasite | Li | L | F | De | Wash with unprocessed leaf | |||||||
Rabies | Li | R | F | O | Crush and give with milk | |||||||
Elephantiasis | Hu | L | F | De | Crush, decant, and insert juice | |||||||
Malaria | Hu | R | F | O | Crush, squeeze then drink | |||||||
Anthrax | Hu | Sh | F | O | Crush, mix with water then drink | |||||||
Coccinia | Li | R | F | O | Crush, immerse in water then give | |||||||
Plantago lanceolata L. | Plantaginaceae | Wonberet/ Gorteb | H | Wound & bleeding | Hu | L | DF | De | Crush, powder then cream | Fal | Wy | GC117 |
Plectranthus tenuiflorus (vatke) Agnew | Lamiaceae | Mutansa | S | Weaken babies & evil sprit | Hu | Ap | DF | O | Crush, powder then give with water | Hg | Rr | GC148 |
Plumbago zeylanica L. | plumbaginaceae | Amera | H | Wound | Hu | R | DF | De | Cream concoction | Fwl | Rr | GC128 |
Stomachache &Scorpion poison | Hu | L& R | F | O | Crush and drink with water | |||||||
Premna schimperi Engl. | Lamiaceae | Chocho | S | Eye problem | Li | L | F | Op | Chew and spit | F | Spr | GC126 |
Wound | Hu | B & L | D | De | Crush, powder then cream with butter or honey | |||||||
Toothache | Hu | R | F | O | Chew and take with teeth | |||||||
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch | Rosaceae | Kok | S | Diarrhea | Li | L | F | O | Crush, immerse in water then give | Hg | Rr | GC049 |
Tape worm | Hu | L& St | F | O | Drink the concoction | |||||||
Punica granatum L. | Punicaceae | Roman | S | Cancer & skin diseases | Hu | Fr | F | O | Crush and eat | Hg | Pa | GC022 |
Rhamnus prinoides L’Herit | Rhamnaceae | Gesho | S | Tonsillitis | Hu | Sh | F | O | Crush and drink with water | Hg | Spr | GC094 |
Herpes | Hu | L | F | De | Grind and cream | |||||||
Ricinus communis L. | Euphorbiaceae | Chakima/ Gulo |
S
| Calf diarrhea | Li | Fr | F | O | Pound cream the teat of cow then allow to suck | Hg | Rr | GC170 |
Rosa abyssinica Lindley* | Rosaceae | Kega | S | Tension/dizziness | Hu | Fr | F | O | Eat the raw fruit | F | Spr | GC037 |
Rubia cordifolia L. | Rubiaceae | Mencherer | Cl | Cough | Hu | R& L | F | O | Drink the concoction with tea or coffee | F | Rr | GC110 |
Rumex abyssinicus Jacq.* | Polygonaceae | Mekmoko | H | Hypertension | Hu | R | DF | O | Pound, powder then drink with milk | Fal | Spr | GC076 |
Rumex nepalensis Spreng. | Polygonaceae | Tult | H | Tonsillitis & diarrhea | Hu | R | DF | De | Crush, mix with water then drink juice or tie on neck without processing | Fwl | Spr | GC029 |
Stomachache | Hu | R | DF | O | Chew and swallow the juice | |||||||
Anthrax | Li | R | F | O | Crush and give with water | |||||||
Rumex nervosus Vahl* | Polygonaceae | Enbuacho | S | Wart | Hu | L | F | De | Rub, squeeze then cream | Fal | Wy | GC177 |
Bleeding wound | Hu | L | F | De | Pound then tie | |||||||
Ruta chalepensis L. | Rutaceae | Tenadam | H | Evil eye | Hu | L | DF | De & O | Sniff, drink and fumigate with concoction | Hg | Rr | GC186 |
Febrile illness | Hu | L | F | O | Crush then fumigate whole body or drink the concoction | |||||||
Sansevieria erythraeae Mattei | Dracaenaceae | Chiret | S | Ear wound | Hu | St | F | Et | Heat, pound, squeeze then insert while cool | Hg | Rr | GC111 |
Schefflera abyssinica (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Harms. | Araliaceae | Getem | T | Snake poison | Hu | B | F | O | Crush and drink the infusion | F | Rr | GC171 |
Schinus molle L. | Anacardiaceae | Kundoberbere | T | Cough | Hu | Fr | DF | O | Pound, cook in DORRO WOTE then eat with TEF ENGERA | Hg | Spr | GC155 |
Wound | Hu | L | F | De | Pound and tie | |||||||
Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) Irwin &Bameby | Fabaceae | Serka Abeba | S | Bloating | Li | L | F | O | Crush and give with water | Fwl | Wy | GC122 |
Sida ovata Forssk. | Malvaceae | Yahya-nacha | H | Fire burn | Hu | R | F | De | Pound and cream the liquid with cotton | Fal | Spr | GC032 |
Sida rhombifolia L. | Malvaceae | Gorgegit | S | Impotency | Hu | R | F | O | Drink concoction with honey | Bo | Spr | GC120 |
Wound | Hu | L | F | De | Crush and tie | |||||||
Sida tenuicarpa Vollesen | Malvaceae | Chifrig | S | Wound | Hu | L | F | De | Crush and tie | Fwl | Spr | GC153 |
Evil spirit & evil eye | Hu | R | DF | De & O | Used as tooth brush or tie on neck | |||||||
Solanecio gigas Vatke | Asteraceae | Yashikoko gomen | S | Bloating | Li | L | F | O | Pound and give with water | Hg | Pa | GC061 |
Evil eye | Hu | R | DF | Na, O & De | Sniff, drink and fumigate with concoction | |||||||
Solanum anguivi Lam. | Solanaceae | Zerch enboy | S | Wound | Hu | L | DF | De | Crush, pound and tie | F | Spr | GC174 |
Wart | Hu | Fr | F | De | Cream with juice | |||||||
Beating with stick | Li | R | F | O | Crush and give the infusion | |||||||
Solanum incanum L. | Solanaceae | Yekolla enboy | S | Stomachache | Hu | R | F | O | Crush, chew then absorb juice | Fwl | Spr | GC059 |
Ring worm | Hu | Fr | F | De | Heat fruit then cream with juice | |||||||
Wart | Hu | Fr | F | De | Cream with juice | |||||||
Arthritis/rheumatism | Hu | L | F | De | Pound and tie | |||||||
Leeches | Li | Fr | F | Na | Insert juice | |||||||
Diabetic | Hu | R | F | O | Chew and swallow juice | |||||||
Febrile illness | Li | R | F | O | Pound and give with water | |||||||
Wound | Hu | Fr | F | De | Cream with juice | |||||||
Scorpion poison | Hu | Fr | F | O | Drink juice with water | |||||||
Solanum marginatum L.f. | Solanaceae | Yedega enboy | S | Cough | Li | Fr | F | Na | Give juice with goat milk | F | Rr | GC095 |
Solanum nigrum L.* | Solanaceae | Awut | H | Spider poison | Hu | L | F | De | Crush, squeeze then cream | Fwl | Rr | GC140 |
Hemorrhoid | Hu | Ap | DF | De | Pound and tie | |||||||
Diarrhea | Hu | L | F | O | Crush, chew then swallow juice | |||||||
Steganotaenia araliacea Hochst. ex A.Rich. | Apiaceae | Endoka/Yefiyel chew | T | Hemorrhoid | Hu | St | DF | De | Peel, heat then apply in the hot condition | F | Spr | GC083 |
Stephania abyssinica (Dillon & A. Rich.) Walp. | Menispermaceae | Chewchawit | H | Anthrax | B | R | F | O | Crush and give with water | Fal | Spr | GC121 |
Anthrax & Stomachache | Hu | R | F | O | Chew and swallow the juice | |||||||
Rabies | B | R | F | O | Crushed and given with milk and water | |||||||
Tonsillitis | Hu | Sh | F | O | Crush and drink with water or cream on neck region | |||||||
Stereospermum kunthianum Cham. | Bignonaceae | Zana | T | Eye problem | Li | B | DF | O | Cream the concoction with butter and apply to cattle | F | Spr | GC017 |
Scorpion & Snake poison | Hu | B | F | De | Pound and tie or chew and swallow the juice | |||||||
Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. | Scrophularaceae | Gelmit | H | Bloating | Li | Ap | DF | O | Crush, powder and give with water | Fal | Spr | GC144 |
Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC.* | Myrtaceae | Dokima | T | Diarrhea | Hu | B | F | O | Crush and drink with water | Ris | Spr | GC045 |
Thalictrum rhynchocarpum Dill. & A. Rich. | Ranunculaceae | Sire-bizu | H | Scrotum swelling | Hu | R | F | De | Crush and drink with TELLA
| F | Rr | GC078 |
Impotency | Hu | R | F | O | Drink concoction with honey | |||||||
Tragia brevipes Pax. | Euphorbiaceae | Abelbalit | H | Swelling | Hu | R | F | De | Pound and tie | F | Rr | GC013 |
Impotency | Hu | R | F | O | Drink concoction with honey | |||||||
Urera hypselodendron (Hochst.) ex A. Rich. | Urticaceae | Lankusso | Cl | Anthrax | Li | Sh | F | O | Crush and give with water | F | Spr | GC 060 |
Urtica simensis Steudel | Urticaceae | Sama | H | Gastric | Hu | L | F | O | Roast, grind and drink juice | F | Rr | GC 179 |
Wound | Hu | L | F | De | Grind and cream with butter | |||||||
Verbasicum sinaiticum Benth. | Scrophularaceae | Kutitina | S | Stomachache | Hu | R | F | O | Pound and drink with honey or water or butter | F | Spr | GC074 |
Diarrhea | Hu | R | F | O | Crush and drink with water | |||||||
Evil sprit | Hu | L | F | De | Boil and fumigate with the fume | |||||||
Evil eye | Hu | R | DF | Na, O & De | Sniff, drink and fumigate concoction | |||||||
Verbena officinalis L. | Verbenaceae | Atuch | H | Bleeding | Hu | R | F | De | Crush and tie | Fal | Wy | GC069 |
Evil spirit & intestinal poison | Hu | Ag | DF | O | Crush and drink with water | |||||||
Evil eye | Hu | R | DF | Na & O | Sniff, drink and fumigate concoction | |||||||
Tonsillitis | Hu | Ap | F | O | Crush and drink with water | |||||||
Impotency | Hu | R | D | O | Drink concoction with honey | |||||||
Deafness | Hu | L | F | Et | Pound and ingest juice with water | |||||||
Stomachache & Anthrax | Hu | R | F | O | Chew and swallow the juice | |||||||
Vernonia adoensis Sch.Bip ex Walp. | Asteraceae | Eras abera/ Este musaye | S |
Likfit (skin rash)
| Hu | R | F | De | Crush. powder then cream with butter | Hg | Spr | GC147 |
Amoeba, Gardiasis, Gastric & Snake poison | Hu | R | F | O | Crush, powder then drink with water or Chew and swallow juice | |||||||
Vernonia amygdalina Del. | Asteraceae | Girawa | S | Bloating | Li | L | F | O | Crush and give with water | Hg | Rr | GC055 |
Dandruff | Hu | L | F | De | Pound and cream | |||||||
Impotency | Hu | R | F | O | Drink the concoction with tella
| |||||||
Vernonia myriantha Hook.f. | Asteraceae | Kotkoto | S | Impotency | Hu | R | DF | O | Drink the concoction with tella
| Fwl | Wy | GC057 |
Vicia faba L. | Fabaceae | Bakela | H | Anemia | Hu | Sd | D | O | Roast and drink infusion | Hg | Spr | GC109 |
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal in DC. | Solanaceae | Giziewa | S | Evil eye & evil sprit | Hu | L & R | DF | O | Crush and drink with water or fumigate with the fume | Hg | Rr | GC048 |
Tape worm & Babies disease | Hu | L | DF | De | Fumigate in a closed fashion | |||||||
Cough | Hu | L | F | O | Crush and boil with milk then drink | |||||||
Impotency | Hu | R | F | O | Drink concoction with honey | |||||||
Xanthium strumarium L. | Asteraceae | Gid zemede | H | Dandruff | Hu | L | F | De | Rub, squeeze then cream | Fwl | Spr | GC112 |
Ximenia americana L.* | Olacaceae | Enkoy | S | Wound | Hu | B | DF | De | Crush, grind and cream | F | Rr | GC054 |
Zea mays L. | Poaceae | Mashilla | H | Dandruff | Hu | Sw | F | De | Burn and cream ashes with butter | Hg | Wy | GC030 |
Zehneria scabra (Linn. f.) Sond. | Cucurbitaceae | Hareg resa | Cl | Swelling | Hu | L | F | De | Crush and tie | Ah | Rr | GC149 |
Wound | Li | Ag | F | De | Rub and cream | |||||||
Febrile illness | Hu | Ag | F | De | Boil and take the fume in enclosed fashion | |||||||
Diarrhea | Hu | L | F | O | Crush, chew then swallow juice | |||||||
Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. * | Rhamnaceae | Gava | T | Dandruff | Hu | L | F | De | Pound and cream | Hg | Pa | GC163 |
Scientific name | Ailments claimed to treat | No. of citations | Percentage | Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zehneria scabra
| Diarrhea, wound, febrile illness and swelling | 60 | 57.14 | 1st
|
Stephania abyssinica
| Human and livestock anthrax, tonsillitis, rabies and stomachache | 55 | 52.40 | 2nd
|
Otostegia integrifolia
| Stomachache, hen’s coccolida, epidemic diseases and common cold | 40 | 38.10 | 3rd
|
Verbascum sinaiticum
| Stomachache, diarrhea, evil eye & evil sprit | 32 | 30.47 | 4th
|
Capparis tomentosa
| Evil eye, and epidemic diseases | 27 | 25.71 | 5th
|
Achyranthes aspera
| Tape worm, wounds, excessive menstrual flow, tonsillitis, bleeding, bone fracture, and eye problems | 25 | 23.80 | 6th
|
Health disorders treated and ICF
Plant species name | No. of ailment treated | Plant species name | No. of ailment treated |
---|---|---|---|
Justicia schimperiana
| 11 |
Achyranthes aspera, Cucumis ficifolius and Euphorbia abyssinica
| 7 each |
Croton macrostachyus, Verbena officinalis and Solanum incanum
| 9 each |
Ferula communis, Cynoglossum, coeruleum, Asparagus africanus, Calpurnia aurea
| 6 each |
Phytolacca dodecandra
| 8 |
S.no | Ailments | No of species for each ailment | S.no | Ailments | No of species for each ailment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Wound | 42 | 6 | Impotence | 11 |
2 | Stomachache | 25 | 7 | Tonsillitis, rabies, hemorrhoid, fibril illness, and snake bite | 10 |
3 | Intestinal parasites | 23 | 8 | Dandruff | 8 |
4 | Anthrax | 16 | 9 | Livestock bloating and malaria Common cold and cough | 6 |
5 | Diarrhea | 13 |
Importance of the medicinal plants
Disease categories | Nu | Nur | Fic |
---|---|---|---|
Livestock diseases (external parasites, beating with stick and sun stroke) | 16 | 94 | 0.84 |
Febrile illness, headache, anemia, brain tension and malaria | 19 | 80 | 0.78 |
Rabies | 11 | 46 | 0.76 |
Gastrointestinal disorders | 52 | 205 | 0.75 |
Dermal diseases (wound and skin diseases) | 72 | 221 | 0.68 |
Bone fracture and Arthritis | 7 | 18 | 0.65 |
Reproductive and sexual organs | 22 | 61 | 0.65 |
Bleeding and hypertension | 7 | 14 | 0.54 |
Respiratory diseases (asthmatic reactions, cough, common cold, leech and tonsillitis) | 24 | 48 | 0.51 |
Sense organs like eye and ear problems | 21 | 42 | 0.51 |
Spider, snake, and scorpion poisons and bites | 18 | 32 | 0.45 |
General disease (tension, epidemic, baby diseases and undefined diseases) | 28 | 47 | 0.41 |
Organ diseases (diabetes, heart problem, jaundice, kidney infection, pneumonia, urinary problem) | 12 | 16 | 0.26 |
Anthrax, cancer and hemorrhoid | 24 | 25 | 0.04 |
Medicinal plant species | Respondents
(R1-
R7) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R
1
| R
2
| R
3
| R
4
| R
5
| R
6
| R
7
| Total | Rank | |
Brucea antidysenterica
| 5 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 29 | 3rd
|
Cordia africana
| 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 39 | 1st
|
Dodonaea angustifolia
| 3 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 20 | 4th
|
Ficus carica
| 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 14 | 6th
|
Plantago lanceolata
| 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 15 | 5th
|
Sida rhombifolia
| 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 30 | 2nd
|
Medicinal plants used | Respondents
(R1-
R7) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R
1
| R
2
| R
3
| R
4
| R
5
| R
6
| R
7
| Total | Rank | |
Cucumis ficifolius
| 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 4th
|
Indigofera prieureana
| 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 17 | 2nd
|
Otostegia integrifolia
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 5th
|
Stephania abyssinica
| 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 22 | 1st
|
Verbascum sinaiticum
| 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 12 | 3rd
|
Plant parts used and modes of remedy preparations
Plant species name | Medicine | Cash income | Fuelwood | Food | Forage/
fodder | Construction/
building | Shade | Total | Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carissa spinarum
| 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 25 | 2nd
|
Cordia africana
| 4 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 27 | 1st
|
Croton macrostachyus
| 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 15 | 6th
|
Ficus sur
| 2 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 23 | 4th
|
Mimusops kummel
| 2 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 21 | 5th
|
Olea europaea ssp. cuspidata
| 3 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 24 | 3rd
|
Plant parts used | No. of preparations | Percentage | No. of species | Plant parts used | No. of preparations each | Percentage | No. of species |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leaf | 109 | 31.2 | 56 | Stem | 6 | 1.7 | 4 |
Root | 108 | 30.9 | 45 | Bulb | 5 | 1.4 | 1 |
Fruit | 25 | 7.2 | 13 | Flower | 4 | 1.1 | 3 |
Bark | 15 | 4.3 | 11 | Sap | 1 | 0.3 | 1 |
Shoot | 15 | 4.3 | 5 | Gum | 1 | 0.3 | 1 |
Latex | 13 | 3.7 | 6 | All parts | 10 | 2.9 | 7 |
Seed | 7 | 2.0 | 5 | Two and three parts | 15 | 4.3 | 13 |
Condition of preparation and storage of plant medicines
Route of remedy administration and dosage determination
Types of preparation | Frequency of preparation | Percentages |
---|---|---|
Crushing | 118 | 35.01 |
Grinding, concoction and creaming | 50 | 14.80 |
Boiling, heating, burning and fumigation | 49 | 14.50 |
Chewing, spitting and absorbing fluid/juice | 32 | 9.50 |
Rubbing and squeezing | 24 | 7.10 |
Using unprocessed plant part | 23 | 6.80 |
Pounding and making infusion | 23 | 6.80 |
Chopping and breaking | 18 | 5.30 |
Marketed medicinal plants in the study area
Taboos connected with handling and use of medicinal plants
Variation of indigenous plant knowledge in the study area
Indigenous medicinal plant knowledge development and sharing
Threats to and conservation of medicinal plants and associated indigenous knowledge
Mode of administration | Number of medicinal plant parts used in each case | Percent of total |
---|---|---|
Oral | 157 | 44.9 |
Dermal | 132 | 37.7 |
Dermal, nasal and oral | 14 | 4.0 |
Dermal and oral | 15 | 4.3 |
Optical | 10 | 2.9 |
Nasal | 9 | 2.6 |
Ear | 8 | 2.3 |
Vaginal | 2 | 0.6 |
Dermal and nasal; nasal and ear; nasal and oral | 1 | 0.9 |
Threatening factor | Respondents
(R1-
R7) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R
1
| R
2
| R
3
| R
4
| R
5
| R
6
| R
7
| Total | Rank | |
Agricultural expansion | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 38 | 1st
|
Overgrazing | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 32 | 3rd
|
Drought | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 18 | 5th
|
Fuelwood collection | 6 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 33 | 2nd
|
Construction and building material | 1 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 15 | 6th
|
Urbanization/Modernization | 4 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 29 | 4th
|
Treating medicinal plant species | Respondents
(R1-
R7) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R
1
| R
2
| R
3
| R
4
| R
5
| R
6
| R
7
| Total | Rank | |
Cucumis ficifolius
| 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 17 | 3rd
|
Ficus carica
| 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 16 | 4th
|
Huernia macrocarpa
| 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 25 | 2nd
|
Solanum marginatum
| 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 14 | 5th
|
Withania somnifera
| 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 33 | 1st
|