Background
Methods
Plant collection
Preparation of extract
Acute toxicity study
Experimental design
Serum analysis
Biochemical analysis
Assessment of antioxidative profile
Catalase assay (CAT)
Peroxidase assay (POD)
Superoxide dismutase, assay (SOD)
Glutathione-S-transferase assay (GST)
Reduced glutathione assay (GSH)
Lipid peroxidation (TBARS) estimation
Protein estimation
Hydrogen peroxide assay (H2O2)
Nitrite assay
Comet assay
Histopathological study of tissues
Statistical analysis
Results
Defensive effect of EDME on liver serum enzymes
Treatment | ALT (U/I) | ALP (U/I) | AST (U/I) | Serum proteins (mg/dl) | Albumin (mg/dl) | Globulin (mg/dl) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 44.6 ± 2.22e
| 64.3 ± 3.15d
| 43.0 ± 2.08d
| 8.5 ± 0.37a
| 5.6 ± 0.2a
| 2.9 ± 0.24c
|
Vehicle Control | 44.97 ± 2.16e
| 63.8 ± 2.12d
| 43.3 ± 2.25d
| 8.9 ± 0.40a
| 5.5 ± 0.23a
| 3.0 ± 0.26bc
|
CCl4 1 ml/kg | 173.2 ± 4.19a
| 136.3 ± 4.11a
| 89.3 ± 3.26a
| 5.6 ± 0.15d
| 2.1 ± 0.18d
| 3.5 ± 0.16a
|
CCl4+ Sily 50 mg/kg | 61.8 ± 3.29d
| 71.6 ± 2.41c
| 48.0 ± 1.15e
| 7.5 ± 0.19b
| 4.3 ± 0.19b
| 3.2 ± 0.13b
|
CCl4 + EDME 200 mg/kg | 104.2 ± 3.21b
| 93.1 ± 3.22b
| 67.1 ± 2.09b
| 6.3 ± 0.22c
| 3.5 ± 0.15c
| 2.8 ± 0.17c
|
CCl4 + EDME 400 mg/kg | 67.4 ± 3.23c
| 71.7 ± 3.39c
| 53.8 ± 2.33c
| 7.7 ± 0.24b
| 4.7 ± 0.42b
| 3.0 ± 0.18bc
|
EDME 200 mg/kg | 46.2 ± 2.16e
| 65.8 ± 3.13d
| 45.3 ± 2.15d
| 8.7 ± 0.16a
| 5.8 ± 0.20a
| 2.9 ± 0.12c
|
EDME 400 mg/kg | 45.7 ± 2.31e
| 62.32 ± 3.17d
| 43.3 ± 1.28d
| 8.8 ± 0.21a
| 5.7 ± 0.29a
| 3.1 ± 0.14bc
|
Defensive effect of EDME on serum protein profile
Defensive effect of EDME on liver antioxidant enzymes
Treatment | CAT (U/min) | POD (U/min) | SOD (U/mg protein) | GST (nM/min/mg protein) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 5.47 ± 0.21a
| 8.66 ± 1.21a
| 3.28 ± 0.17a
| 21.33 ± 2.13a
|
Vehicle control | 5.43 ± 0.18a
| 8.61 ± 1.16a
| 3.25 ± 0.28a
| 21.04 ± 2.38a
|
CCl4 1 ml/kg | 1.86 ± 0.12e
| 3.93 ± 0.23e
| 1.12 ± 0.16e
| 8.94 ± 0.92d
|
CCl4 + Sily 50 mg/kg | 4.41 ± 0.26b
| 7.89 ± 1.29b
| 2.73 ± 0.28b
| 21.3 ± 1.33a
|
CCl4 + EDME 200 mg/kg | 2.48 ± 0.14d
| 4.75 ± 0.35d
| 1.78 ± 0.21d
| 16.26 ± 1.07c
|
CCl4 + EDME 400 mg/kg | 4.05 ± 0.29c
| 6.56 ± 0.72c
| 2.46 ± 0.16c
| 19.87 ± 2.17b
|
EDME 200 mg/kg | 5.46 ± 0.25a
| 8.63 ± 0.92a
| 3.26 ± 0.22a
| 21.32 ± 2.19a
|
EDME 400 mg/kg | 5.38 ± 0.32a
| 8.37 ± 0.87a
| 3.31 ± 0.31a
| 21.26 ± 2.45a
|
Defensive effect of EDME on liver biochemicals
Treatment | Protein (μg/mg tissue) | GSH (nM//min/mg protein) | TBARS (nM/min/mg protein) | H2O2
(μg/mg tissue) | Nitrite (μM/ml) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 2.55 ± 0.14a
| 19.35 ± 1.18a
| 22.33 ± 2.12d
| 0.23 ± 0.06e
| 50.61 ± 2.13e
|
Vehicle control | 2.41 ± 0.05ab
| 19.03 ± 1.11a
| 22.07 ± 2.1d
| 0.24 ± 0.05e
| 50.93 ± 2.15e
|
CCl4 1 ml/kg | 0.98 ± 0.08d
| 6.75 ± 0.57e
| 44.52 ± 3.26a
| 0.77 ± 0.19a
| 92.96 ± 3.17a
|
CCl4+ Sily 50 mg/kg | 2.43 ± 0.23ab
| 18.33 ± 1.08b
| 29.28 ± 2.08c
| 0.27 ± 0.08d
| 55.03 ± 2.07c
|
CCl4 + EDME 200 mg/kg | 1.66 ± 0.29c
| 9.33 ± 1.18d
| 36.87 ± 2.38b
| 0.58 ± 0.07b
| 73.47 ± 3.2b
|
CCl4 + EDME 400 mg/kg | 2.11 ± 0.06b
| 14.82 ± 1.33c
| 28.13 ± 2.07c
| 0.44 ± 0.07c
| 60.23 ± 3.24d
|
EDME 200 mg/kg | 2.47 ± 0.11a
| 20.24 ± 2.13a
| 23.09 ± 2.2d
| 0.27 ± 0.05e
| 50.62 ± 2.21e
|
EDME 400 mg/kg | 2.52 ± 0.16a
| 20.33 ± 1.37a
| 22.67 ± 2.43d
| 0.24 ± 0.03e
| 51.69 ± 2.18e
|
Comet assay
Group | Comet length (μm) | Head length (μm) | Tail length (μm) | %DNA in head | %DNA in tail | Tail moment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 42.3 ± 1.3d
| 37.6 ± 1.3a
| 4.2 ± 1.2d
| 95.3 ± 1.1a
| 4.13 ± 0.31d
| 0.17 ± 0.08e
|
Vehicle control | 41.6 ± 1.94d
| 37.1 ± 0.8a
| 4.87 ± 0.7d
| 94.18 ± 0.9a
| 5.32 ± 0.26d
| 0.25 ± 0.09e
|
CCl4 1 ml/kg | 64.5 ± 1.4a
| 23.4 ± 1.2d
| 40.81 ± 0.8a
| 73.9 ± 1.13d
| 25.7 ± 1a
| 10.48 ± 0.6a
|
CCl4+ Sily 50 mg/kg | 41.9 ± 1d
| 35.2 ± 1.78b
| 6.0 ± 1.19d
| 94.9 ± 0.7a
| 5.03 ± 0.5d
| 0.30 ± 0.07d
|
CCl4 + EDME 200 mg/kg | 53.7 ± 1.8b
| 32.8 ± 1.4c
| 19.7 ± 1.7b
| 86.5 ± 1.2c
| 13.43 ± 0.7b
| 2.64 ± 0.14b
|
CCl4 + EDME 400 mg/kg | 48.3 ± 1.21c
| 35.9 ± 1.1b
| 11.63 ± 1c
| 89.6 ± 0.8b
| 10.16 ± 0.9c
| 1.18 ± 0.16c
|
EDME 200 mg/kg | 42.5 ± 1.4d
| 37.4 ± 0.9a
| 5.1 ± 0.5d
| 94.92 ± 1.2a
| 5.06 ± 0.8d
| 0.25 ± 0.09e
|
EDME 400 mg/kg | 41.1 ± 1.53d
| 37.9 ± 1.87a
| 3.3 ± 0.4d
| 95.71 ± 0.6a
| 4.27 ± 0.5d
| 0.14 ± 0.08e
|