Introduction
Materials and methods
Study participants and procedure
Measures
Statistical analyses
Results
Participant compliance
Variable | Total n (%) |
---|---|
No. of participants | 975 |
Demographic | |
Gender | |
Male | 432 (44) |
Female | 543 (56) |
Age (years) | |
Middle-aged adult 45–64 | 464 (48) |
Young adult <45 years | 265 (27) |
Older adults ≥65 | 246 (25) |
BMI (n = 934) | |
Healthy <25 kg/m2
| 445 (48) |
Overweight 25–29.9 kg/m2
| 350 (37) |
Obese ≥30 kg/m2
| 139 (15) |
Married/cohabitant (n = 974) | |
No | 248 (25) |
Yes | 726 (75) |
Education (n = 972) | |
Primary/secondary school | 157 (16) |
High school | 412 (42) |
College/university <4 yrs | 223 (23) |
College/university ≥4 yrs | 180 (19) |
Employment status (n = 974) | |
Fulltime/student/military service | 445 (46) |
Part-time/homemaker | 137 (14) |
Retired | 217 (22) |
Disability benefit/sick leave/unemployed | 175 (18) |
Medical | |
Comorbidity (n = 945) | |
No | 664 (70) |
Yes | 281 (30) |
Time since diagnosis | |
<2 years | 112 (11) |
≥2 years | 863 (89) |
Diagnosis | |
Lymphoma | 245 (25) |
Testicular | 139 (14) |
Breast | 241 (25) |
Gynecological (cervix and ovarian) | 204 (21) |
Prostate | 146 (15) |
Treatment (n = 970) | |
One local treatment | 136 (14) |
Two local treatments | 155 (16) |
Systemic treatment | 109 (11) |
One local treatment + systemic treatment | 356 (37) |
Two local treatments + systemic treatment | 214 (22) |
Disease stage (n = 972) | |
Localized | 482 (50) |
Regional | 297 (30) |
Distant | 193 (20) |
Daily smoking (n = 972) | |
No | 812 (84) |
Yes | 160 (16) |
Prevalence of cancer survivors being physically active and changes in LPA
Factors associated with being physically active after treatment
Physically actives% | Unadjusted analyses | Adjusted analysesa
| ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | cOR | 95%CI | P | aOR | 95%CI | P | |
All (n = 975) | 45 | 55 | ||||||
N | 434 | 541 | ||||||
Diagnosis (n = 975) | ||||||||
Lymphoma (reference) | 42 | 58 | 1.0 | 0.68 | ||||
Testicle | 47 | 53 | 1.25 | 0.82–1.89 | 0.30 | |||
Breast | 47 | 53 | 1.24 | 0.87–1.77 | 0.24 | |||
Gynecological (cervix and ovarian) | 42 | 58 | 1.01 | 0.69–1.46 | 0.98 | |||
Prostate | 45 | 55 | 1.11 | 0.73–1.67 | 0.63 | |||
Age (years) (n = 975) | ||||||||
Middle-aged adult 45–64 (reference) | 46 | 54 | 1.0 | 0.06 | 1.0 | 0.03 | ||
Young adult <45 years | 48 | 52 | 1.08 | 0.8–1.47 | 0.59 | 0.86 | 0.62–1.2 | 0.37 |
Older adult ≥65 | 38 | 62 | 0.73 | 0.53–0.99 | 0.049 | 0.62 | 0.44–0.88 | 0.008 |
BMI (n = 934) | ||||||||
Healthy <25 kg/m2 (reference) | 51 | 49 | 1.0 | <0.001 | 1.0 | 0.001 | ||
Overweight 25-29.9 kg/m2
| 43 | 57 | 0.75 | 0.57–0.99 | 0.046 | 0.73 | 0.54–0.98 | 0.03 |
Obese ≥30 kg/m2
| 30 | 70 | 0.42 | 0.31–0.69 | <0.001 | 0.46 | 0.3–0.71 | <0.001 |
Married/cohabitant (n = 974) | ||||||||
No (reference) | 48 | 52 | 1.0 | |||||
Yes | 43 | 57 | 0.83 | 0.62–1.1 | 0.2 | |||
Education (n = 972) | ||||||||
Primary/secondary school (reference) | 34 | 66 | 1.0 | 0.001 | 1.0 | 0.04 | ||
High school | 42 | 58 | 1.42 | 0.97–2.09 | 0.07 | 1.42 | 0.93–2.16 | 0.11 |
College/university <4 yrs | 48 | 52 | 1.84 | 1.21–2.81 | 0.005 | 1.55 | 0.97–2.47 | 0.07 |
College/university ≥4 yrs | 55 | 45 | 2.4 | 1.54–3.73 | <0.001 | 2.05 | 1.26–3.33 | 0.004 |
Employment status (n = 974) | ||||||||
Fulltime/student/military service (reference) | 50 | 50 | 1.0 | 0.004 | ||||
Part-time/homemaker | 44 | 56 | 0.77 | 0.52–1.13 | 0.18 | |||
Retired | 40 | 60 | 0.66 | 0.48–0.92 | 0.01 | |||
Disability benefit/sick leave/unemployed | 35 | 65 | 0.54 | 0.38–0.78 | 0.001 | |||
Comorbidity (n = 945) | ||||||||
No (reference) | 49 | 51 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Yes | 33 | 67 | 0.53 | 0.39–0.7 | <0.001 | 0.56 | 0.41–0.76 | <0.001 |
Time since diagnosis (years) (n = 975) | ||||||||
<2 years (reference) | 48 | 52 | 1.0 | |||||
≥2 years | 44 | 56 | 0.85 | 0.57–1.25 | 0.4 | |||
Treatment (n = 970) | ||||||||
One local treatment (reference) | 39 | 61 | 1.0 | 0.2 | ||||
Two local treatments | 46 | 54 | 1.36 | 0.85–2.17 | 0.2 | |||
Systemic treatment | 37 | 63 | 0.91 | 0.54–1.53 | 0.72 | |||
One local treatment + systemic treatment | 47 | 53 | 1.42 | 0.95–2.12 | 0.09 | |||
Two local treatments + systemic treatment | 46 | 54 | 1.32 | 0.86–2.05 | 0.21 | |||
Disease stage (n = 972) | ||||||||
Localized (reference) | 46 | 54 | 1.0 | 0.04 | ||||
Regional | 47 | 53 | 1.02 | 0.77–1.37 | 0.88 | |||
Distant | 36 | 64 | 0.66 | 0.47–0.93 | 0.02 | |||
Daily smoking (n = 972) | ||||||||
No (reference) | 47 | 53 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Yes | 34 | 66 | 0.58 | 0.41–0.83 | 0.003 | 0.53 | 0.36–0.78 | 0.001 |
Factors associated with being a relapser and an adopter
Proportion of relapsers% | Unadjusted analyses | Adjusted analysesa
| ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | cOR | 95%CI | P | aOR | 95%CI | P | |
All physical active before diagnosis (n = 472) | 32 | 68 | ||||||
N | 149 | 323 | ||||||
Diagnosis (n = 472) | ||||||||
Lymphoma (reference) | 37 | 63 | 1.0 | 0.09 | ||||
Testicle | 30 | 70 | 0.75 | 0.41–1.37 | 0.35 | |||
Breast | 27 | 73 | 0.64 | 0.37–1.11 | 0.12 | |||
Gynecological (cervix and ovarian) | 39 | 61 | 1.08 | 0.62–1.88 | 0.79 | |||
Prostate | 20 | 80 | 0.43 | 0.21–0.89 | 0.02 | |||
Age (years) (n = 472) | ||||||||
Middle-aged adult 45–64 (reference) | 31 | 69 | 1.0 | 0.25 | ||||
Young adult <45 years | 36 | 64 | 1.28 | 0.83–1.98 | 0.26 | |||
Older adults ≥65 | 26 | 74 | 0.81 | 0.47–1.38 | 0.44 | |||
BMI (n = 454) | ||||||||
Healthy <25 kg/m2 (reference) | 28 | 72 | 1.0 | 0.02 | ||||
Overweight 25–29.9 kg/m2
| 33 | 67 | 1.26 | 0.82–1.95 | 0.3 | |||
Obese ≥30 kg/m2
| 48 | 52 | 2.42 | 1.3–4.5 | 0.005 | |||
Married/cohabitant (n = 471) | ||||||||
No (reference) | 32 | 68 | 1.0 | |||||
Yes | 31 | 69 | 0.97 | 0.63–1.49 | 0.89 | |||
Education (n = 470) | ||||||||
Primary/secondary school (reference) | 36 | 64 | 1.0 | 0.26 | ||||
High school | 33 | 67 | 0.87 | 0.47–1.6 | 0.65 | |||
College/university <4 yrs | 33 | 67 | 0.88 | 0.46–1.7 | 0.71 | |||
College/university ≥4 yrs | 23 | 77 | 0.53 | 0.26–1.09 | 0.08 | |||
Employment status (n = 471) | ||||||||
Fulltime/student/military service (reference) | 27 | 73 | 1.0 | 0.003 | ||||
Part-time/homemaker | 35 | 65 | 1.43 | 0.78–2.62 | 0.25 | |||
Retired | 24 | 76 | 0.86 | 0.49–1.52 | 0.6 | |||
Disability benefit/sick leave/unemployed | 47 | 53 | 2.38 | 1.44–3.93 | 0.001 | |||
Comorbidity (n = 453) | ||||||||
No (reference) | 26 | 74 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Yes | 48 | 52 | 2.7 | 1.77–4.15 | <0.001 | 2.47 | 1.6–3.81 | <0.001 |
Time since diagnosis (years) (n = 472) | ||||||||
<2 years (reference) | 34 | 66 | 1.0 | |||||
≥2 years | 31 | 69 | 0.89 | 0.51–1.54 | 0.67 | |||
Treatment (n = 469) | ||||||||
One local treatment (reference) | 32 | 68 | 1.0 | 0.09 | ||||
Two local treatments | 19 | 81 | 0.5 | 0.22–1.16 | 0.11 | |||
Systemic treatment | 40 | 60 | 1.44 | 0.65–3.19 | 0.37 | |||
One local treatment + systemic treatment | 34 | 66 | 1.11 | 0.57–2.16 | 0.75 | |||
Two local treatments + systemic treatment | 30 | 70 | 0.9 | 0.43–1.89 | 0.78 | |||
Disease stage (n = 471) | ||||||||
Localized (reference) | 27 | 73 | 1.0 | 0.009 | 1.0 | 0.02 | ||
Regional | 31 | 69 | 1.22 | 0.78–1.93 | 0.39 | 1.25 | 0.77–2.02 | 0.37 |
Distant | 44 | 56 | 2.17 | 1.32–3.56 | 0.002 | 2.17 | 1.28–3.66 | 0.004 |
Daily smoking (n = 472) | ||||||||
No (reference) | 29 | 71 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Yes | 44 | 56 | 1.9 | 1.13–3.13 | 0.02 | 1.79 | 1.04–3.09 | 0.04 |
Proportion of adopters% | Unadjusted analyses | Adjusted analysesa
| ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | cOR | 95%CI | P | aOR | 95%CI | P | |
All physically inactive at before diagnosis (n = 503) | 22 | 78 | ||||||
N | 111 | 392 | ||||||
Diagnosis (n = 503) | ||||||||
Lymphoma (reference) | 19 | 81 | 1.0 | 0.53 | ||||
Testicle | 18 | 82 | 0.97 | 0.44–2.16 | 0.94 | |||
Breast | 24 | 76 | 1.39 | 0.75–2.58 | 0.29 | |||
Gynecological (cervix and ovarian) | 27 | 73 | 1.56 | 0.84–2.91 | 0.16 | |||
Prostate | 20 | 80 | 1.06 | 0.53–2.15 | 0.86 | |||
Age (years) (n = 503) | ||||||||
Middle-aged adult 45–64 (reference) | 24 | 76 | 1.0 | 0.08 | ||||
Young adult <45 years | 27 | 73 | 1.15 | 0.69–1.93 | 0.58 | |||
Older adults ≥65 | 16 | 84 | 0.6 | 0.36–1.02 | 0.06 | |||
BMI (n = 480) | ||||||||
Healthy <25 kg/m2 (reference) | 23 | 77 | 1.0 | 0.48 | ||||
Overweight 25–29.9 kg/m2
| 25 | 75 | 1.11 | 0.7–1.77 | 0.65 | |||
Obese ≥30 kg/m2
| 18 | 82 | 0.75 | 0.4–1.42 | 0.38 | |||
Married/cohabitant (n = 503) | ||||||||
No (reference) | 25 | 75 | 1.0 | |||||
Yes | 21 | 79 | 0.83 | 0.51–1.36 | 0.47 | |||
Education (n = 502) | ||||||||
Primary/secondary school (reference) | 16 | 84 | 1.0 | 0.04 | 1.0 | 0.04 | ||
High school | 19 | 81 | 1.22 | 0.65–2.31 | 0.54 | 1.22 | 0.65–2.31 | 0.54 |
College/university <4 yrs | 27 | 73 | 1.94 | 0.97–3.86 | 0.06 | 1.94 | 0.97–3.86 | 0.06 |
College/university ≥4 yrs | 31 | 69 | 2.29 | 1.13–4.63 | 0.02 | 2.29 | 1.13–4.63 | 0.02 |
Employment status (n = 503) | ||||||||
Fulltime/student/military service (reference) | 26 | 74 | 1.0 | 0.1 | ||||
Part-time/homemaker | 27 | 73 | 1.09 | 0.61–1.97 | 0.77 | |||
Retired | 17 | 83 | 0.59 | 0.34–1.02 | 0.06 | |||
Disability benefit/sick leave/unemployed | 17 | 83 | 0.58 | 0.3–1.12 | 0.10 | |||
Comorbidity (n = 492) | ||||||||
No (reference) | 24 | 76 | 1.0 | |||||
Yes | 17 | 83 | 0.63 | 0.39–1.04 | 0.07 | |||
Time since diagnosis (years) (n = 503) | ||||||||
<2 years (reference) | 23 | 77 | 1.0 | |||||
≥2 years | 22 | 78 | 1.07 | 0.70–1.64 | 0.74 | |||
Treatment (n = 501) | ||||||||
One local treatment (reference) | 22 | 78 | 1.0 | 0.11 | ||||
Two local treatments | 16 | 84 | 0.66 | 0.30–1.45 | 0.31 | |||
Systemic treatment | 12 | 88 | 0.46 | 0.17–1.24 | 0.13 | |||
One local treatment + systemic treatment | 26 | 74 | 1.21 | 0.65–2.24 | 0.56 | |||
Two local treatments + systemic treatment | 27 | 73 | 1.28 | 0.67–2.46 | 0.45 | |||
Disease stage (n = 501) | ||||||||
Localized (reference) | 24 | 76 | 1.0 | 0.21 | ||||
Regional | 23 | 77 | 0.95 | 0.59–1.53 | 0.83 | |||
Distant | 15 | 85 | 0.57 | 0.3–1.07 | 0.08 | |||
Daily smoking (n = 500) | ||||||||
No (reference) | 24 | 76 | 1.0 | |||||
Yes | 15 | 85 | 0.57 | 0.3–1.06 | 0.08 |