Background
Methods
Statistics
Characteristics | Categories | Dentists | Dental hygienists | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | |
Female | 72.1 (554) | 98.6 (341) | 80.3 (895) | |
Male | 27.9 (214) | 1.4 (5) | 19.7 (219) | |
Age | ||||
20–39 years | 57.3 (440) | 41.6 (144) | 52.4 (584) | |
40+ years | 42.7 (328) | 58.4 (202) | 47.6 (530) | |
Working experience at PDHS | ||||
1–10 years | 66.0 (507) | 45.4 (157) | 59.6 (664) | |
11+ years | 34.0 (261) | 54.6 (189) | 40.4 (450) | |
Number of patients < 19 years.* | ||||
0–500 | 47.4 (364) | 24.1 (83) | 40.2 (447) | |
501 − + | 52.6 (404) | 75.9 (262) | 59.8 (666) |
Latent factor | Item | N | Question | Answers | Cronb. alpha | Mean | Skewness | Kurtosis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valued 1–5 (very difficult = 1 – very easy = 5) | Statistic | Std. dev | Statistic | Std.error | Statistic | Std.error | ||||||
Experiential attitude | 1 | 1183 | To send a report of concern on suspicion of child abuse or neglect the following 12 months is | very difficult, difficult, neither/nor, easy, very easy | .814 | 2.64 | .884 | .538 | .071 | .180 | .142 | |
2 | 1181 | To send a report of concern on suspicion of child abuse or neglect the following 12 months is | very onerous, onerous, neither/nor, simple, very simple | 2.72 | .770 | .504 | .071 | .324 | .142 | |||
3 | 1183 | To send a report of concern on suspicion of child abuse or neglect the following 12 months is | very unpleasant, unpleasant, neither/nor, pleasant, very pleasant | 2.33 | .649 | .309 | .071 | .657 | .142 | |||
4 | 1183 | To send a report of concern on suspicion of child abuse or neglect the following 12 months is | very demanding, demanding, neither/nor, no problem, absolutely no problem | 2.52 | .749 | .556 | .071 | .506 | .142 | |||
Instrumental attitude | 5 | 1183 | To send a report of concern on suspicion of child abuse or neglect the following 12 months is | totally unimportant, unimportant, neither/nor, important, very important | .825 | 4.72 | .495 | −1.851 | .071 | 5.586 | .142 | |
6 | 1183 | To send a report of concern on suspicion of child abuse or neglect the following 12 months is | completely useless, useless, neither/nor, useful, very useful | 4.44 | .585 | −.547 | .071 | −.346 | .142 | |||
7 | 1183 | To send a report of concern on suspicion of child abuse or neglect the following 12 months is | totally wrong, wrong, neither/nor, right, completely right | 4.66 | .506 | −1.050 | .071 | .147 | .142 | |||
8 | 1181 | To send a report of concern on suspicion of child abuse or neglect the following 12 months is | very unwise, unwise, neither/nor, wise, very wise | 4.40 | .634 | −.670 | .071 | .072 | .142 | |||
Descriptive norm | The following persons do always send a report of concern on suspicion of child abuse or neglect | |||||||||||
9 | 1166 | my colleagues at the dental clinic | totally disagree, disagree, neither/nor, agree, totally agree | .903 | 3.66 | .894 | −.411 | .072 | .038 | .143 | ||
10 | 1165 | my boss at the dental clinic | totally disagree, disagree, neither/nor, agree, totally agree | 3.71 | .906 | −.432 | .072 | .130 | .143 | |||
11 | 1165 | most persons in my situation | totally disagree, disagree, neither/nor, agree, totally agree | 3.62 | .799 | −.219 | .072 | .031 | .143 | |||
12 | 1165 | most people who are important to me | totally disagree, disagree, neither/nor, agree, totally agree | 3.57 | .801 | −.061 | .072 | .040 | .143 | |||
13 | 1165 | most persons like me | totally disagree, disagree, neither/nor, agree, totally agree | 3.67 | .789 | −.143 | .072 | .028 | .143 | |||
Injunctive norm | If I during the coming 12 months suspects child abuse or neglect | |||||||||||
14 | 1168 | do my colleagues at the dental clinic think that I should send a report of concern | totally disagree, disagree, neither/nor, agree, totally agree | .921 | 4,32 | .765 | −1.438 | .072 | 3.327 | .143 | ||
15 | 1167 | does my boss at the dental clinic think that I should send a report of concern | totally disagree, disagree, neither/nor, agree, totally agree | 4.38 | .742 | −1.418 | .072 | 3.126 | .143 | |||
16 | 1167 | does the public dental leader group at the county level think that I should send a report of concern | totally disagree, disagree, neither/nor, agree, totally agree | 4.36 | .784 | −1.489 | .072 | 3.163 | .143 | |||
17 | 1167 | most persons important to me think that I should send a report of concern | totally disagree, disagree, neither/nor, agree, totally agree | 4.30 | .773 | −1.265 | .072 | 2.456 | .143 | |||
18 | 1168 | is it expected of me that I should send a report of concern | totally disagree, disagree, neither/nor, agree, totally agree | 4.45 | .673 | −1.326 | .072 | 2.985 | .143 | |||
Capacity | PBC | If I, during the coming 12 months, suspects child abuse or neglect | ||||||||||
19b | 1167 | I am very unsure if I am able to send a report of concern | totally disagree, disagree, neither/nor, agree, totally agree | .744 | 4.01 | .946 | −1.097 | .072 | 1.092 | .143 | ||
20 | 1168 | I am absolutely confident I can send a report of concern | totally disagree, disagree, neither/nor, agree, totally agree. | 4.00 | .885 | −1.036 | .072 | 1.296 | .143 | |||
21 | 1167 | I have full opportunity to send a report of concern | totally disagree, disagree, neither/nor, agree, totally agree. | 4.38 | .699 | −1.589 | .072 | 4.904 | .143 | |||
22b | 1167 | it would be difficult to send a report of concern | totally disagree, disagree, neither/nor, agree, totally agree | 3.60 | 1.057 | −.458 | .072 | −.571 | .143 | |||
Autonomy | If I, during the coming12 months, suspects child abuse or neglect | |||||||||||
23 | 1167 | there are few outside events that can prevent me from sending a report of concern | totally disagree, disagree, neither/nor, agree, totally agree | 3.66 | 1.026 | −.693 | .072 | .071 | .143 | |||
24 | 1168 | I have complete control over sending a report of concern | totally disagree, disagree, neither/nor, agree, totally agree | 3.63 | .942 | −.451 | .072 | −.282 | .143 | |||
25b | 1167 | sending a report of concern is beyond my control | totally disagree, disagree, neither/nor, agree, totally agree | 4.21 | .749 | −1.034 | .072 | 1.849 | .143 | |||
26a | 1166 | It is entirely up to me whether I will send a report of concern or not | totally disagree, disagree, neither/nor, agree, totally agree. | 3.64 | 1.154 | −.705 | .072 | −.373 | .143 | |||
Intention | 27 | 1155 | In the next 12 months I intend to send a report of concern to the CWS if I suspect child abuse or neglect | totally disagree, disagree, neither/nor, agree, totally agree | .759 | 4.38 | .859 | −2.099 | .072 | 5.592 | .144 | |
28 | 1155 | If I in the coming 12 months suspect child abuse or neglect, I will send a report of concern | completely unsure, unsure, neither/nor, sure, completely sure | 4.23 | .790 | −1.086 | .072 | 1.636 | .144 | |||
29 | 1155 | If I during the next 12 months gets suspicious of child abuse or neglect I want to send a report of concern | totally disagree, disagree, neither/nor, agree, totally agree | 4.47 | .685 | −1.568 | .072 | 4.150 | .144 | |||
30 | 1149 | if you during the next 12 months is concerned for a child (regarding child abuse or neglect) how unlikely or likely is it that you will send a report of concern? | quite unlikely, unlikely, neither/nor, likely, quite likely | 4.12 | .622 | −.304 | .072 | .534 | .144 |
Results
Step 1. Measurement model
Fit indices | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
X2 | 1875.570 | 1902.915 | 1136.095 | 1071.041 | 1071.041 |
DF | 384, P < 0.001 | 390, P < 0.001 | 385, P < 0.001 | 357, P < 0.001 | 357, P < 0.001 |
RMSEA | 0.057 | 0.057 | 0.041 | 0.041 | 0.041 |
90% CI for RMSEA | 0.055–0.060 | 0.055–0.060 | 0.038–0.043 | 0.038–0.044 | 0.038–0.044 |
CFI | 0.884 | 0.882 | 0.941 | 0.943 | 0.943 |
SRMR | 0.053 | 0.054 | 0.046 | 0.046 | 0.046 |
Latent factor | Item | Stand. factor loadings | Std. error | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Experiential attitude | ||||
1 | 0.817 | 0.017 | ||
2 | 0.802 | 0.017 | ||
3 | 0.657 | 0.025 | ||
4 | 0.627 | 0.025 | ||
22 | 0.369 | 0.033 | ||
Instrumental attitude | ||||
5 | 0.695 | 0.036 | ||
6 | 0.718 | 0.020 | ||
7 | 0.802 | 0.019 | ||
8 | 0.753 | 0.020 | ||
Descriptive norm | ||||
9 | 0.762 | 0.019 | ||
10 | 0.732 | 0.021 | ||
11 | 0.866 | 0.015 | ||
12 | 0.810 | 0.020 | ||
13 | 0.763 | 0.023 | ||
Injunctive norm | ||||
14 | 0.856 | 0.018 | ||
15 | 0.894 | 0.014 | ||
16 | 0.825 | 0.020 | ||
17 | 0.841 | 0.018 | ||
18 | 0.767 | 0.026 | ||
Capacity | PBC | |||
19b | 0.637 | 0.037 | ||
20 | 0.696 | 0.036 | ||
21 | 0.466 | 0.049 | ||
22b | 0.413 | 0.038 | ||
Autonomy | ||||
23 | 0.332 | 0.038 | ||
24 | 0.629 | 0.024 | ||
25b | 0.459 | 0.035 | ||
a
| ||||
Intention | ||||
27 | 0.516 | 0.041 | ||
28 | 0.785 | 0.027 | ||
29 | 0.683 | 0.034 | ||
30 | 0.636 | 0.030 |
Step 2. The full structural equation model
Equality constraint | Δ Satorra-Bentler Scaled Chi Square | Δdf | Probability | ΔCFI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Instrumental attitude ➔ Intention | 0.73+ | 1 | 0.39 | < 0.01 |
Experiential attitude ➔ Intention | 1.79 | 1 | 0.18 | < 0.01 |
Injunctive norm ➔ Intention | 0.16 | 1 | 0.69 | < 0.01 |
Descriptive norm ➔ Intention | 0.36 | 1 | 0.55 | < 0.01 |
Perceived behavioural control ➔ Intention | 0.34 | 1 | 0.56 | < 0.01 |