Background
Methods
Study population
Clinical data collection
Sampling and quantitative determination
Follow-up and ISR assessment
Statistical analysis
Results
Clinical baseline characteristics of CHD patient
Items | Total patients (N = 214) | 2-year non-ISR patients (n = 176) | 2-year ISR patients (n = 38) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean ± SD | 64.6 ± 9.1 | 64.2 ± 8.9 | 66.3 ± 10.0 | 0.199 |
Gender, No. (%) | 0.155 | |||
Female | 40 (18.7) | 36 (20.5) | 4 (10.5) | |
Male | 174 (81.3) | 140 (79.5) | 34 (89.5) | |
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 24.5 ± 3.6 | 24.5 ± 3.7 | 24.9 ± 3.1 | 0.462 |
Current smoke, No. (%) | 55 (25.7) | 43 (24.4) | 12 (31.6) | 0.361 |
Hypertension, No. (%) | 150 (70.1) | 119 (67.6) | 31 (81.6) | 0.088 |
Diabetes mellitus, No. (%) | 63 (29.4) | 43 (24.4) | 20 (52.6) | 0.001 |
Hypercholesteremia, No. (%) | 135 (63.1) | 104 (59.1) | 31 (81.6) | 0.009 |
Hyperuricemia, No. (%) | 73 (34.1) | 53 (30.1) | 20 (52.6) | 0.008 |
Family history of CAD, No. (%) | 46 (21.5) | 34 (19.3) | 12 (31.6) | 0.095 |
MAP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 106.0 (97.0–115.0) | 105.0 (96.3–116.8) | 107.0 (102.0–111.3) | 0.350 |
FBG (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 5.8 ± 1.2 | 5.7 ± 1.3 | 6.2 ± 0.9 | 0.019 |
IRI, mean ± SD | 2.25 ± 1.6 | 2.1 ± 1.5 | 3.0 ± 1.5 | 0.001 |
Scr (μmol/L), mean ± SD | 82.7 ± 15.6 | 81.5 ± 14.8 | 88.1 ± 18.2 | 0.017 |
SUA (μmol/L), median (IQR) | 333.6 (285.9–408.2) | 333.3 (289.1–400.0) | 365.3 (279.1–447.5) | 0.309 |
TG (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 1.8 (1.0–2.4) | 1.8 (1.0–2.4) | 1.9 (1.0–2.8) | 0.587 |
TC (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 4.6 (3.9–5.2) | 4.5 (3.8–5.0) | 4.6 (4.3–5.6) | 0.069 |
LDL-C (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 0.002 |
HDL-C (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.024 |
HsCRP (mg/L), median (IQR) | 4.7 (1.8–8.0) | 3.9 (1.0–7.1) | 7.4 (5.8–10.8) | < 0.001 |
ESR (mm/L), median (IQR) | 12.7 (6.7–20.8) | 12.3 (5.8–20.7) | 13.8 (8.3–26.1) | 0.137 |
WBC (*109/L), median (IQR) | 6.1 (4.9–7.1) | 6.1 (4.8–7.1) | 6.3 (5.1–7.3) | 0.367 |
Neutrophil (*109/L), mean ± SD | 3.4 ± 1.0 | 3.4 ± 1.0 | 3.6 ± 1.1 | 0.304 |
LVEF (%), median (IQR) | 64.0 (59.8–70.0) | 64.0 (60.0–70.0) | 64.0 (57.8–70.0) | 0.539 |
cTnI (pg/mL), median (IQR) | 29.5 (17.8–47.7) | 29.4 (15.3–46.9) | 35.5 (23.5–57.2) | 0.053 |
NT-proBNP (pg/mL), median (IQR) | 76.5 (46.8–126.1) | 75.6 (44.8–122.8) | 78.1 (67.0–171.6) | 0.039 |
Multivessel artery lesions, No. (%) | 164 (76.6) | 127 (72.2) | 37 (97.4) | 0.001 |
Patients with two target lesions, No. (%) | 77 (36.0) | 56 (31.8) | 21 (55.3) | 0.006 |
Target lesion at LAD, No. (%) | 128 (59.8) | 104 (59.1) | 24 (63.2) | 0.643 |
Target lesion at LCX, No. (%) | 82 (38.3) | 61 (34.7) | 21 (55.3) | 0.018 |
Target lesion at RCA, No. (%) | 81 (37.9) | 67 (38.1) | 14 (36.8) | 0.888 |
Stenosis degree of target lesion (%), median (IQR) | 86.0 (82.0–89.0) | 86.0 (82.0–89.0) | 86.0 (83.0–91.0) | 0.111 |
Length of target lesion (mm), median (IQR) | 33.5 (26.0–40.0) | 33.0 (26.0–39.0) | 37.0 (29.0–46.3) | 0.018 |
Length of stent (mm), median (IQR) | 37.0 (30.0–43.3) | 37.0 (28.3–43.0) | 40.5 (33.0–49.0) | 0.016 |
Diameter of stent (mm), median (IQR) | 3.2 (2.9–3.4) | 3.3 (2.9–3.4) | 3.1 (3.0–3.3) | 0.209 |
Time of stent dilation (s), median (IQR) | 16.0 (13.0–18.0) | 15.0 (14.0–18.0) | 16.5 (12.0–20.0) | 0.731 |
Pre-stent balloon dilation, No. (%) | 66 (30.8) | 56 (31.8) | 10 (26.3) | 0.505 |
Aspirin, No. (%) | 214 (100.0) | 176 (100.0) | 38 (100.0) | – |
Nitrates, No. (%) | 214 (100.0) | 176 (100.0) | 38 (100.0) | – |
Statins, No. (%) | 214 (100.0) | 176 (100.0) | 38 (100.0) | – |
β-receptor blockers, No. (%) | 182 (85.0) | 152 (86.4) | 30 (78.9) | 0.245 |
ACEIs/ARBs, No. (%) | 134 (62.6) | 116 (65.9) | 18 (47.4) | 0.032 |
Calcium channel blockers, No. (%) | 68 (31.8) | 58 (33.0) | 10 (26.3) | 0.425 |
Correlation of FGF-23 with continuous characteristics in CHD patients
Items | FGF-23 | |
---|---|---|
P value | Spearman r | |
Age | 0.199 | 0.088 |
BMI | 0.113 | 0.109 |
MAP | 0.378 | 0.061 |
FBG | < 0.001 | 0.245 |
IRI | < 0.001 | 0.294 |
Scr | < 0.001 | 0.381 |
SUA | < 0.001 | 0.287 |
TG | 0.093 | 0.115 |
TC | 0.535 | 0.043 |
LDL-C | 0.006 | 0.187 |
HDL-C | 0.009 | − 0.179 |
HsCRP | < 0.001 | 0.377 |
ESR | 0.448 | 0.052 |
WBC | 0.455 | − 0.051 |
Neutrophil | 0.943 | − 0.005 |
LVEF | < 0.001 | − 0.272 |
cTnI | < 0.001 | 0.436 |
NT-proBNP | < 0.001 | 0.400 |
Stenosis degree of target lesion | 0.008 | 0.182 |
Length of target lesion | 0.321 | 0.068 |
Correlation of FGF-23 with categorical characteristics in CHD patients
Items | FGF-23 (pg/mL), median (IQR) | P value |
---|---|---|
Gender | 0.946 | |
No | 736.6 (634.3–808.5) | |
Yes | 736.5 (608.0–905.8) | |
Current smoke | 0.700 | |
No | 727.9 (608.2–907.5) | |
Yes | 752.0 (661.8–855.1) | |
Hypertension | 0.167 | |
No | 706.2 (571.8–887.1) | |
Yes | 748.1 (641.0–886.0) | |
Diabetes mellitus | 0.201 | |
No | 720.9 (587.0–862.8) | |
Yes | 749.6 (657.8–907.5) | |
Hypercholesteremia | < 0.001 | |
No | 582.7 (482.5–694.4) | |
Yes | 798.6 (720.0–988.4) | |
Hyperuricemia | 0.022 | |
No | 715.8 (575.8–901.7) | |
Yes | 766.4 (672.5–870.8) | |
Family history of CAD | 0.022 | |
No | 729.5 (603.5–848.3) | |
Yes | 781.4 (667.5–1005.0) | |
Multivessel artery lesions | 0.061 | |
No | 691.2 (579.7–795.2) | |
Yes | 750.2 (630.4–914.6) | |
Patients with two target lesions | 0.880 | |
No | 746.5 (630.4–876.7) | |
Yes | 721.2 (581.9–892.1) | |
Target lesion at LAD | 0.628 | |
No | 720.3 (622.4–909.9) | |
Yes | 748.9 (603.7–876.9) | |
Target lesion at LCX | 0.496 | |
No | 741.1 (609.5–896.5) | |
Yes | 734.3 (616.5–886.0) | |
Target lesion at RCA | 0.306 | |
No | 749.6 (636.5–863.3) | |
Yes | 698.1 (592.8–912.3) |
Correlation of FGF-23 with 2-year ISR risk in CHD patients
Factors affecting 2-year ISR in CHD patients
Items | Logistic regression model | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
P value | OR | 95% CI | ||
Lower | Higher | |||
Univariate logistic regression | ||||
FGF-23 | < 0.001 | 1.006 | 1.004 | 1.008 |
Age | 0.199 | 1.026 | 0.987 | 1.067 |
Male | 0.163 | 2.186 | 0.728 | 6.559 |
BMI | 0.460 | 1.036 | 0.943 | 1.139 |
Current smoke | 0.362 | 1.428 | 0.664 | 3.070 |
Hypertension | 0.094 | 2.121 | 0.881 | 5.108 |
Diabetes mellitus | 0.001 | 3.437 | 1.667 | 7.086 |
Hypercholesteremia | 0.012 | 3.066 | 1.280 | 7.344 |
Hyperuricemia | 0.009 | 2.579 | 1.263 | 5.264 |
Family history of CAD | 0.099 | 1.928 | 0.884 | 4.204 |
MAP | 0.498 | 1.007 | 0.987 | 1.027 |
FBG | 0.020 | 1.429 | 1.058 | 1.930 |
IRI | 0.002 | 1.391 | 1.127 | 1.716 |
Scr | 0.020 | 1.027 | 1.004 | 1.051 |
SUA | 0.241 | 1.003 | 0.998 | 1.007 |
TG | 0.625 | 1.103 | 0.745 | 1.634 |
TC | 0.060 | 1.426 | 0.985 | 2.064 |
LDL-C | 0.002 | 2.551 | 1.394 | 4.666 |
HDL-C | 0.026 | 0.170 | 0.036 | 0.812 |
HsCRP | < 0.001 | 1.195 | 1.099 | 1.299 |
ESR | 0.180 | 1.025 | 0.989 | 1.063 |
WBC | 0.469 | 1.085 | 0.870 | 1.355 |
Neutrophil | 0.303 | 1.199 | 0.848 | 1.695 |
LVEF | 0.404 | 0.978 | 0.927 | 1.031 |
cTnI | 0.129 | 1.013 | 0.996 | 1.030 |
NT-proBNP | 0.080 | 1.005 | 0.999 | 1.010 |
Multivessel artery lesion | 0.010 | 14.276 | 1.906 | 106.910 |
Patients with two target lesions | 0.008 | 2.647 | 1.296 | 5.405 |
Target lesion at LAD | 0.643 | 1.187 | 0.575 | 2.449 |
Target lesion at LCX | 0.020 | 2.329 | 1.144 | 4.741 |
Target lesion at RCA | 0.888 | 0.949 | 0.459 | 1.961 |
Stenosis degree of target lesion | 0.098 | 1.071 | 0.988 | 1.161 |
Length of target lesion | 0.009 | 1.054 | 1.013 | 1.097 |
Length of stent | 0.010 | 1.053 | 1.012 | 1.095 |
Diameter of stent | 0.488 | 0.692 | 0.244 | 1.959 |
Time of stent dilation | 0.942 | 1.003 | 0.920 | 1.094 |
Pre-stent balloon dilation | 0.506 | 0.765 | 0.348 | 1.684 |
β-receptor blockers | 0.249 | 0.592 | 0.243 | 1.443 |
ACEIs/ARBs | 0.035 | 0.466 | 0.229 | 0.946 |
Calcium channel blockers | 0.427 | 0.727 | 0.331 | 1.597 |
Multivariate logistic regression (forward stepwise: conditional) | ||||
FGF-23 | 0.001 | 1.005 | 1.002 | 1.007 |
Diabetes mellitus | < 0.001 | 23.654 | 6.374 | 87.782 |
LDL-C | 0.002 | 4.458 | 1.759 | 11.294 |
HsCRP | < 0.001 | 1.261 | 1.117 | 1.424 |
Patients with two target lesions | 0.002 | 6.305 | 2.015 | 19.728 |
Length of target lesion | 0.001 | 1.128 | 1.054 | 1.208 |