Fish Oil, but Not Soy Bean or Olive Oil Enriched Infusion Decreases Histopathological Severity of Acute Pancreatitis in Rats Without Affecting Eicosanoid Synthesis

Different dietary fatty acids affect eicosanoid metabolism in different ways, thus influencing the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Therefore, we analyzed the impact of [n−3], [n−6], and [n−9] fatty acids on eicosanoid metabolism and histopathology in acute pancreatitis in rats. Seventy-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups (n = 15). Group 1 underwent only laparotomy, while in groups, 2–5 pancreatitis was induced. Groups 1 and 2 were then given saline infusion, groups 3–5 received fat emulsion (group 3: rich in [n−6], group 4: rich in [n−9], group 5: rich in [n−3] fatty acids) for another 18 h. Infusion rich in [n−3] fatty acids significantly decreased histopathological severity of pancreatitis, compared to all other groups. There was no difference concerning the concentrations of prostaglandins and leukotrienes between all groups. Parenteral infusion rich in [n−3] fatty acids reduced histopathological severity of acute pancreatitis in rats without changing eicosanoid metabolism at the endpoint.