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European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging

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01.11.2003 | Review Article

From PET detectors to PET scanners

verfasst von: John L. Humm, Anatoly Rosenfeld, Alberto Del Guerra

Erschienen in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging | Ausgabe 11/2003

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Abstract

This review describes the properties of available and emerging radiation detector and read-out technologies and discusses how they may affect PET scanner performance. After a general introduction, there is a section in which the physical properties of several different detector scintillators are compared. This is followed by a discussion of recent advances in read-out electronics. Finally, the physical performance of the several commercial PET scanners is summarized.

This result is lower than the experimental one [12, 13]. The differences are due to the formation of a particle with higher momentum, the positronium, a hydrogenoid atom where the positron is in a bound system with an electron. The positronium annihilates in 2γ either from the para-positronium (single state) or predominantly from the ortho-positronium (triplet state).

For ultra-high-resolution PET scanner, the fluorescent photon should also be considered.

Webpages of manufacturers of scintillation materials: 1, http://www.bicron.com; 2, http://www.rexon.com; 3, http://www.crystran.co.uk; 4, http://www.hilger-crystals.co.uk; 5, http://www.scionixusa.com/scintillation_detectors.html; 6, http://www.utari.com; 7, http://www.girmet.ru/~ramet/scintillator.htm; 8, an exceptionally rich source of up-to-date reference material on scintillators is the Web Page, University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Center for Functional Imaging, http://cfi.lbl.gov/instrumentation/Publications.html.

Thermionic noise is the spontaneous emission of electrons from the photocathode. For a bi-alkali photocathode at room temperature, approximately 100–1,000 electrons/cm²·s are produced, corresponding to dark currents of between 16 and 160 pA.

To convert from kBq/cc in a patient into an administered activity, divide by 10³ to convert to MBq/cc, multiply by the patient weight 70,000 g, divide by the fraction of the torso body activity within the field of view (approx one-fifth) and divide by 1.5 to account for physical decay and patient clearance between the injection time and the scan time.

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Titel: From PET detectors to PET scanners
verfasst von: John L. Humm
Anatoly Rosenfeld
Alberto Del Guerra
Publikationsdatum: 01.11.2003
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging / Ausgabe 11/2003
Print ISSN: 1619-7070
Elektronische ISSN: 1619-7089
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-003-1266-2

Springer Medizin

Abstract

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