Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 7/2016

31.05.2016 | Handsurgery

Functional anatomy of the lateral collateral ligament of the elbow

verfasst von: M. Hackl, M. Bercher, K. Wegmann, L. P. Müller, J. Dargel

Erschienen in: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery | Ausgabe 7/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Introduction

The aim of this study was to analyze the functional anatomy of the lateral collateral ligament complex (LCLC) and the surrounding forearm extensors.

Materials and methods

Using 81 human cadaveric upper extremities, the anatomy of the forearm extensors—especially the anconeus, supinator and extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)—was analyzed. After removal of aforementioned extensors the functional anatomy of the LCLC was analyzed. The origin of the LCLC was evaluated for isometry. The insertion types of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) were analyzed and classified.

Results

The ECU runs parallel to the RCL to dynamically preserve varus stability. The supinator and anconeus muscle fibers coalesce with the LCLC and lengthen during pronation. The anconeus fibers run parallel to the LUCL in full flexion. The LCLC consists of the annular ligament (AL) and the isometric radial collateral ligament (RCL). During elbow flexion, its posterior branches (LUCL) tighten while the anterior branches loosen. When performing a pivot shift test, the loosened LUCL fibers do not fully tighten in full extension. The LUCL inserts along with the AL at the supinator crest. Three different insertion types could be observed.

Conclusions

The LUCL represents the posterior branch of the RCL rather than a distinct ligament. It is non-isometric and lengthens during elbow flexion. The RCL was found to be of vital importance for neutralization of posterolateral rotatory forces. Pronation of the forearm actively stabilizes the elbow joint as the supinator, anconeus and biceps muscle work in unison to increase posterolateral rotatory stability.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Driscoll SW, Bell DF, Morrey BF (1991) Posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. J Bone Jt Surg Am 73:440–446 O’Driscoll SW, Bell DF, Morrey BF (1991) Posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. J Bone Jt Surg Am 73:440–446
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Morrey BF, An KN (1985) Functional anatomy of the ligaments of the elbow. Clin Orthop Relat Res 201:84–90PubMed Morrey BF, An KN (1985) Functional anatomy of the ligaments of the elbow. Clin Orthop Relat Res 201:84–90PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Regan WD, Korinek SL, Morrey BF, An KN (1991) Biomechanical study of ligaments around the elbow joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res 271:170–179PubMed Regan WD, Korinek SL, Morrey BF, An KN (1991) Biomechanical study of ligaments around the elbow joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res 271:170–179PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Mehta JA, Bain GI (2004) Posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 12:405–415CrossRefPubMed Mehta JA, Bain GI (2004) Posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 12:405–415CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Cohen MS, Hastings H 2nd (1997) Rotatory instability of the elbow. The anatomy and role of the lateral stabilizers. J Bone Jt Surg Am 79:225–233CrossRef Cohen MS, Hastings H 2nd (1997) Rotatory instability of the elbow. The anatomy and role of the lateral stabilizers. J Bone Jt Surg Am 79:225–233CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Cohen MS, Bruno RJ (2001) The collateral ligaments of the elbow: anatomy and clinical correlation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 383:123–130CrossRefPubMed Cohen MS, Bruno RJ (2001) The collateral ligaments of the elbow: anatomy and clinical correlation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 383:123–130CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Moritomo H, Murase T, Arimitsu S, Oka K, Yoshikawa H, Sugamoto K (2007) The in vivo isometric point of the lateral ligament of the elbow. J Bone Jt Surg Am 89:2011–2017. doi:10.2106/JBJS.F.00868 CrossRef Moritomo H, Murase T, Arimitsu S, Oka K, Yoshikawa H, Sugamoto K (2007) The in vivo isometric point of the lateral ligament of the elbow. J Bone Jt Surg Am 89:2011–2017. doi:10.​2106/​JBJS.​F.​00868 CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Dunning CE, Zarzour ZD, Patterson SD, Johnson JA, King GJ (2001) Ligamentous stabilizers against posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. J Bone Jt Surg Am 83-A:1823–1828 Dunning CE, Zarzour ZD, Patterson SD, Johnson JA, King GJ (2001) Ligamentous stabilizers against posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. J Bone Jt Surg Am 83-A:1823–1828
10.
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Olsen BS, Sojbjerg JO, Nielsen KK, Vaesel MT, Dalstra M, Sneppen O (1998) Posterolateral elbow joint instability: the basic kinematics. J Shoulder Elb Surg 7:19–29CrossRef Olsen BS, Sojbjerg JO, Nielsen KK, Vaesel MT, Dalstra M, Sneppen O (1998) Posterolateral elbow joint instability: the basic kinematics. J Shoulder Elb Surg 7:19–29CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Seki A, Olsen BS, Jensen SL, Eygendaal D, Sojbjerg JO (2002) Functional anatomy of the lateral collateral ligament complex of the elbow: configuration of Y and its role. J Shoulder Elb Surg 11:53–59. doi:10.1067/mse.2002.119389 CrossRef Seki A, Olsen BS, Jensen SL, Eygendaal D, Sojbjerg JO (2002) Functional anatomy of the lateral collateral ligament complex of the elbow: configuration of Y and its role. J Shoulder Elb Surg 11:53–59. doi:10.​1067/​mse.​2002.​119389 CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Wegmann K, Burkhart KJ, Zimmermann J, Dargel J, Nijs S, Konerding MA et al (2014) The interference of distal humeral plating with the medial and lateral collateral ligaments of the elbow. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 134:501–507. doi:10.1007/s00402-014-1952-5 CrossRefPubMed Wegmann K, Burkhart KJ, Zimmermann J, Dargel J, Nijs S, Konerding MA et al (2014) The interference of distal humeral plating with the medial and lateral collateral ligaments of the elbow. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 134:501–507. doi:10.​1007/​s00402-014-1952-5 CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Dehlinger FI, Ries C, Hollinger B (2014) LUCL reconstruction using a triceps tendon graft to treat posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. Oper Orthop Traumatol 26(414–427):429. doi:10.1007/s00064-012-0182-7 Dehlinger FI, Ries C, Hollinger B (2014) LUCL reconstruction using a triceps tendon graft to treat posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. Oper Orthop Traumatol 26(414–427):429. doi:10.​1007/​s00064-012-0182-7
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Jones KJ, Dodson CC, Osbahr DC, Parisien RL, Weiland AJ, Altchek DW et al (2012) The docking technique for lateral ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction: surgical technique and clinical outcomes. J Shoulder Elb Surg 21:389–395. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2011.04.033 CrossRef Jones KJ, Dodson CC, Osbahr DC, Parisien RL, Weiland AJ, Altchek DW et al (2012) The docking technique for lateral ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction: surgical technique and clinical outcomes. J Shoulder Elb Surg 21:389–395. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jse.​2011.​04.​033 CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Nestor BJ, O’Driscoll SW, Morrey BF (1992) Ligamentous reconstruction for posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. J Bone Jt Surg Am 74:1235–1241 Nestor BJ, O’Driscoll SW, Morrey BF (1992) Ligamentous reconstruction for posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. J Bone Jt Surg Am 74:1235–1241
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Olsen BS, Sojbjerg JO (2003) The treatment of recurrent posterolateral instability of the elbow. J Bone Jt Surg Br 85:342–346CrossRef Olsen BS, Sojbjerg JO (2003) The treatment of recurrent posterolateral instability of the elbow. J Bone Jt Surg Br 85:342–346CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Rhyou IH, Park MJ (2011) Dual reconstruction of the radial collateral ligament and lateral ulnar collateral ligament in posterolateral rotator instability of the elbow. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 19:1009–1012. doi:10.1007/s00167-010-1310-2 CrossRefPubMed Rhyou IH, Park MJ (2011) Dual reconstruction of the radial collateral ligament and lateral ulnar collateral ligament in posterolateral rotator instability of the elbow. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 19:1009–1012. doi:10.​1007/​s00167-010-1310-2 CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat King GJ, Dunning CE, Zarzour ZD, Patterson SD, Johnson JA (2002) Single-strand reconstruction of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament restores varus and posterolateral rotatory stability of the elbow. J Shoulder Elb Surg 11:60–64. doi:10.1067/mse.2002.118483 CrossRef King GJ, Dunning CE, Zarzour ZD, Patterson SD, Johnson JA (2002) Single-strand reconstruction of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament restores varus and posterolateral rotatory stability of the elbow. J Shoulder Elb Surg 11:60–64. doi:10.​1067/​mse.​2002.​118483 CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Sanchez-Sotelo J, Morrey BF, O’Driscoll SW (2005) Ligamentous repair and reconstruction for posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. J Bone Jt Surg Br 87:54–61. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.87B1.15096 Sanchez-Sotelo J, Morrey BF, O’Driscoll SW (2005) Ligamentous repair and reconstruction for posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. J Bone Jt Surg Br 87:54–61. doi:10.​1302/​0301-620X.​87B1.​15096
28.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Driscoll SW (2000) Classification and evaluation of recurrent instability of the elbow. Clin Orthop Relat Res 370:34–43CrossRefPubMed O’Driscoll SW (2000) Classification and evaluation of recurrent instability of the elbow. Clin Orthop Relat Res 370:34–43CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Hannouche D, Begue T (1999) Functional anatomy of the lateral collateral ligament complex of the elbow. Surg Radiol Anat 21:187–191CrossRefPubMed Hannouche D, Begue T (1999) Functional anatomy of the lateral collateral ligament complex of the elbow. Surg Radiol Anat 21:187–191CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Beckett KS, McConnell P, Lagopoulos M, Newman RJ (2000) Variations in the normal anatomy of the collateral ligaments of the human elbow joint. J Anat 197:507–511CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Beckett KS, McConnell P, Lagopoulos M, Newman RJ (2000) Variations in the normal anatomy of the collateral ligaments of the human elbow joint. J Anat 197:507–511CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Olsen BS, Vaesel MT, Sojbjerg JO, Helmig P, Sneppen O (1996) Lateral collateral ligament of the elbow joint: anatomy and kinematics. J Shoulder Elb Surg 5:103–112CrossRef Olsen BS, Vaesel MT, Sojbjerg JO, Helmig P, Sneppen O (1996) Lateral collateral ligament of the elbow joint: anatomy and kinematics. J Shoulder Elb Surg 5:103–112CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Driscoll SW, Morrey BF, Korinek S, An KN (1992) Elbow subluxation and dislocation. A spectrum of instability. Clin Orthop Relat Res 280:186–197PubMed O’Driscoll SW, Morrey BF, Korinek S, An KN (1992) Elbow subluxation and dislocation. A spectrum of instability. Clin Orthop Relat Res 280:186–197PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Imatani J, Ogura T, Morito Y, Hashizume H, Inoue H (1999) Anatomic and histologic studies of lateral collateral ligament complex of the elbow joint. J Shoulder Elb Surg 8:625–627CrossRef Imatani J, Ogura T, Morito Y, Hashizume H, Inoue H (1999) Anatomic and histologic studies of lateral collateral ligament complex of the elbow joint. J Shoulder Elb Surg 8:625–627CrossRef
35.
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Dargel J, Boomkamp E, Wegmann K, Eysel P, Muller LP, Hackl M (2015) Reconstruction of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow: a comparative biomechanical study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. doi:10.1007/s00167-015-3627-3 Dargel J, Boomkamp E, Wegmann K, Eysel P, Muller LP, Hackl M (2015) Reconstruction of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow: a comparative biomechanical study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. doi:10.​1007/​s00167-015-3627-3
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Hackl M, Heinze N, Wegmann K, Lappen S, Leschinger T, Burkhart KJ et al (2016) The circumferential graft technique for treatment of multidirectional elbow instability: a comparative biomechanical evaluation. J Shoulder Elb Surg 25:127–135. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2015.07.016 CrossRef Hackl M, Heinze N, Wegmann K, Lappen S, Leschinger T, Burkhart KJ et al (2016) The circumferential graft technique for treatment of multidirectional elbow instability: a comparative biomechanical evaluation. J Shoulder Elb Surg 25:127–135. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jse.​2015.​07.​016 CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Dunning CE, Duck TR, King GJ, Johnson JA (2001) Simulated active control produces repeatable motion pathways of the elbow in an in vitro testing system. J Biomech 34:1039–1048CrossRefPubMed Dunning CE, Duck TR, King GJ, Johnson JA (2001) Simulated active control produces repeatable motion pathways of the elbow in an in vitro testing system. J Biomech 34:1039–1048CrossRefPubMed
40.
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Dunning CE, Zarzour ZD, Patterson SD, Johnson JA, King GJ (2001) Muscle forces and pronation stabilize the lateral ligament deficient elbow. Clin Orthop Relat Res 388:118–124CrossRefPubMed Dunning CE, Zarzour ZD, Patterson SD, Johnson JA, King GJ (2001) Muscle forces and pronation stabilize the lateral ligament deficient elbow. Clin Orthop Relat Res 388:118–124CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Functional anatomy of the lateral collateral ligament of the elbow
verfasst von
M. Hackl
M. Bercher
K. Wegmann
L. P. Müller
J. Dargel
Publikationsdatum
31.05.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery / Ausgabe 7/2016
Print ISSN: 0936-8051
Elektronische ISSN: 1434-3916
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-016-2479-8

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2016

Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 7/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Arthropedia

Grundlagenwissen der Arthroskopie und Gelenkchirurgie. Erweitert durch Fallbeispiele, Videos und Abbildungen. 
» Jetzt entdecken

Ein Drittel der jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzte erwägt abzuwandern

07.05.2024 Klinik aktuell Nachrichten

Extreme Arbeitsverdichtung und kaum Supervision: Dr. Andrea Martini, Sprecherin des Bündnisses Junge Ärztinnen und Ärzte (BJÄ) über den Frust des ärztlichen Nachwuchses und die Vorteile des Rucksack-Modells.

Aquatherapie bei Fibromyalgie wirksamer als Trockenübungen

03.05.2024 Fibromyalgiesyndrom Nachrichten

Bewegungs-, Dehnungs- und Entspannungsübungen im Wasser lindern die Beschwerden von Patientinnen mit Fibromyalgie besser als das Üben auf trockenem Land. Das geht aus einer spanisch-brasilianischen Vergleichsstudie hervor.

Endlich: Zi zeigt, mit welchen PVS Praxen zufrieden sind

IT für Ärzte Nachrichten

Darauf haben viele Praxen gewartet: Das Zi hat eine Liste von Praxisverwaltungssystemen veröffentlicht, die von Nutzern positiv bewertet werden. Eine gute Grundlage für wechselwillige Ärztinnen und Psychotherapeuten.

Proximale Humerusfraktur: Auch 100-Jährige operieren?

01.05.2024 DCK 2024 Kongressbericht

Mit dem demographischen Wandel versorgt auch die Chirurgie immer mehr betagte Menschen. Von Entwicklungen wie Fast-Track können auch ältere Menschen profitieren und bei proximaler Humerusfraktur können selbst manche 100-Jährige noch sicher operiert werden.

Update Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.