Background
Methods
Collection of data
Statistical analyses
Results
Demographics
Baseline variables | Total |
---|---|
IPF-patients (N = 348) | |
Incident / Prevalent (N, %) | 182 (52.3) / 166 (47.7) |
Gender (male /female) (N, %) | 250 (71.8) / 98 (28.1) |
Age (Median, range) | 72.0 (46–88) |
BMI (M ± SD) | 27.1 ± 4.2 |
Smoking habit (N = 348) | |
Never smoker (N, %) | 103 (29.6) |
Ex-smoker (N, %) | 222 (63.8) |
Packyear (M ± SD) (Ex-smoker, n = 160) | 23.0 ± 15.0 |
Smoker (N, %) | 12 (3.5) |
Missing info (N, %): | 11 (3.2) |
Lung function | |
FVC% (M ± SD) (N = 287) | 70.2 ± 15.6 |
FEV1% (M ± SD) (N = 307) | 76.1 ± 16.6 |
TLC% (M ± SD) (N = 193) | 63.9 ± 12.0 |
DLCO% (M ± SD) (N = 221) | 46.2 ± 13.9 |
6-WMT (N = 198) | |
6-WMD (M ± SD, m) | 422 ± 124 |
B-SpO2% (M ± SD, %) | 95.8 ± 2.3 |
L-SpO2% (M ± SD, %) | 86.1 ± 6.7 |
Comorbidity (N = 348) | |
Arterial hypertension (N, %) | 115 (33.0) |
Gastroesophageal reflux (N, %) | 113 (32.5) |
Other cardiovasculara (N, %) | 86 (24.7) |
Coronary heart disease (N, %) | 67 (19.3) |
Diabetes (N, %) | 52 (14.9) |
Cancer (N, %) | 33 (9.5) |
Thyroid diseasesb (N, %) | 22 (6.3) |
Sleep apnea (N, %) | 22 (6.3) |
Asthma (N, %) | 15 (4.3) |
COPD (N, %) | 10 (2.9) |
Osteoporosis (N, %) | 6 (1.7) |
K-BILD (N = 292) | 53.7 ± 10.7 |
Anti-fibrotic treatment (N, %) | 67 (19.3) |
Time from diagnosis to consent (median, Q1- Q3) (months) | 4 (Q1:0; Q3: 26) |
Male | Female | |
---|---|---|
IPF-patients (N, % in total) | 250 (71.8) | 98 (28.1) |
Age (Median, range) | 72 (46–88) | 72 (56–84) |
BMI (M ± SD) | 27.0 ± 3.74 | 27.3 ± 5.18 |
Smoking status | ||
Never smoker (N, % in gender) | 64 (25.6) | 39 (39.8) |
Ex-smoker (N, % in gender) | 169 (67.6)* | 53 (54.1) |
Smoker (N, % in gender) | 7 (2.8) | 5 (5.1) |
Missing info (N, % in gender) | 10 (4.0) | 1 (1.0) |
Packyear in ex-smokers (M ± SD) | 24.8 ± 15.1* | 17.8 ± 13.3 |
Lung function and six- minute walk test
Total | Never smoker | Ex-smoker | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | |
Lung function | ||||||
FVC% (N = 287) | N = 198 | N = 89 | N = 50 | N = 37 | N = 139 | N = 47 |
68.9 ± 14.4* | 73.0 ± 17.7 | 69.7 ± 18.0 | 66.8 ± 16.8 | 68.7 ± 12.7** | 75.8 ± 16.3 | |
FEV1% (N = 307) | N = 215 | N = 92 | N = 54 | N = 38 | N = 152 | N = 49 |
76.1 ± 16.1 | 76.0 ± 17.7 | 76.8 ± 18.5 | 71.3 ± 18.9 | 76.4 ± 14.6 | 78.6 ± 16.1 | |
TLC%, (N = 193) | N = 141 | N = 52 | N = 35 | N = 21 | N = 103 | N = 31 |
62.2 ± 11.8* | 68.6 ± 11.3 | 61.8 ± 11.9 | 64.4 ± 10.8 | 62.0 ± 11.7*** | 71.3 ± 11.0 | |
DLCO% (N = 221) | N = 158 | N = 63 | N = 39 | N = 25 | N = 113 | N = 35 |
45.2 ± 13.6 | 48.8 ± 14.4 | 49.7 ± 14.1 | 46.7 ± 14.2 | 43.8 ± 13.3* | 49.3 ± 13.3 | |
6WMT (N = 198) | N = 139 | N = 59 | N = 35 | N = 22 | N = 102 | N = 35 |
6MWD, (M ± SD, m) | 427 ± 128 | 411 ± 113 | 439 ± 136* | 355 ± 140 | 426 ± 125 | 446 ± 79 |
B-SpO2% (M ± SD, %) | 95.7 ± 2.30 | 95.9 ± 2.3 | 95.4 ± 2.0 | 95.8 ± 2.7 | 95.8 ± 2.4 | 95.9 ± 2.1 |
L-SpO2% (M ± SD, %) | 85.9 ± 6.44 | 86.6 ± 7.4 | 85.8 ± 6.5 | 88.0 ± 8.5 | 85.8 ± 6.4 | 85.7 ± 6.6 |
K-BILD (N = 292) | N = 210 | N = 82 | N = 55 | N = 33 | N = 146 | N = 44 |
Psychological | 55.1 ± 16.6 | 54.9 ± 15.6 | 57.8 ± 16.1 | 53.0 ± 13.2 | 54.4 ± 17.0 | 55.6 ± 17.7 |
Breathlessness and activities | 36.8 ± 18.7 | 40.0 ± 17.1 | 38.5 ± 21.9 | 34.5 ± 13.7 | 37.2 ± 17.1 | 41.3 ± 16.7 |
Chest symptoms | 64.1 ± 21.7 | 66.0 ± 22.9 | 71.4 ± 21.4* | 60.6 ± 20.4 | 62.5 ± 21.4 | 67.9 ± 24.2 |
Total | 53.6 ± 10.9 | 54.3 ± 10.1 | 55.5 ± 11.1 | 51.8 ± 7.8 | 53.3 ± 11.0 | 55.1 ± 11.3 |
Quality of life
Comorbidities
Total | Never smoker | Ex-smoker | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | ||||
(N = 250) | (N = 98) | OR (95%CI) | (N = 64) | (N = 39) | OR (95%CI) | (N = 169) | (N = 53) | OR (95%CI) | |
Single Comorbidity | |||||||||
Arterial hypertension (N, %) | 84 (34) | 31 (32) | 1.09 (0.66–1.80) | 18 (28) | 8 (21) | 1.52 (0.59–3.92) | 62 (37) | 20 (38) | 0.96 (0.51–1.81) |
Gastroesophageal reflux (N, %) | 74 (30) | 39 (40) | 0.64 (0.39–1.04) | 16 (25) | 20 (51) | 0.32 (0.14–0.74) | 55 (33) | 17 (32) | 1.02 (0.53–1.98) |
Other cardiovasculara (N, %) | 76 (30) | 10 (10) | 3.84 (1.89–7.80) | 18 (28) | 5 (13) | 2.70 (0.90–7.88) | 54 (32) | 5 (9) | 4.51 (1.70–12.0) |
Coronary heart disease (N, %) | 59 (24) | 8 (8) | 3.48 (1.59–7.58) | 14 (22) | 1 (3) | 10.6 (1.34–84.5) | 43 (25) | 6 (11) | 2.70 (1.07–6.70) |
Diabetes (N, %) | 38 (15) | 14 (14) | 1.08 (0.55–2.09) | 6 (9) | 3 (8) | 1.24 (0.29–5.28) | 30 (18) | 10 (19) | 0.93 (0.42–2.05) |
Cancer (N, %) | 20 (8) | 13 (13) | 0.57 (0.27–1.19) | 4 (6) | 5 (13) | 0.45 (0.11–1.80) | 15 (9) | 7 (13) | 0.64 (0.25–1.66) |
Thyroid diseasesb (N, %) | 11 (4) | 11 (11) | 0.36 (0.15–0.87) | 4 (6) | 2 (5) | 1.23 (0.22–7.07) | 6 (4) | 8 (15) | 0.21 (0.07–0.63) |
Sleep apnea (N, %) | 18 (7) | 4 (4) | 1.82 (0.60–5.53) | 4 (6) | 3 (8) | 0.80 (0.17–3.78) | 13 (8) | 1 (2) | 4.33 (0.55–33.9) |
Asthma (N, %) | 5 (2) | 10 (10) | 0.18 (0.06–0.54) | 3 (5) | 8 (21) | 0.19 (0.05–0.77) | 2 (1) | 2 (4) | 0.31 (0.04–2.22) |
COPD (N, %) | 8 (3) | 2 (2) | 1.59 (0.33–7.61) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 7 (4) | 1 (2) | 2.25 (0.27–18.7) |
Osteoporosis (N, %) | 1 (0.4) | 5 (5) | 0.10 (0.01–0.65) | 1 (2) | 3 (8) | 0.19 (0.02–1.90) | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | 0.06 (0.003–1.30) |
Multiple comorbidities | |||||||||
1- comorbidity (N, %) | 77 (31) | 31 (32) | 0.96 (0.58–1.59) | 15 (23) | 14 (36) | 0.69 (0.28–1.66) | 59 (35) | 14 (26) | 1.50 (0.75–2.97) |
2-comorbidties (N, %) | 59 (24) | 31 (32) | 0.67 (0.40–1.12) | 13 (20) | 13 (33) | 0.51 (0.21–1.26) | 42 (25) | 16 (30) | 0.76 (0.39–1.51) |
3-comorbidties (N, %) | 33 (13) | 11 (11) | 1.20 (0.58–2.50) | 7 (11) | 6 (15) | 0.68 (0.21–2.18) | 26 (15) | 4 (8) | 2.23 (0.74–6.70) |
4-comorbidties (N, %) | 20 (8.0) | 4 (4.0) | 2.04 (0.68–6.14) | 5 (8) | 0 (0) | 7.30 (0.39–136) | 14 (8) | 4 (8) | 1.11 (0.35–3.52) |
5-comorbidties (N, %) | 4 (2.0) | 1 (1.0) | 1.60 (0.17–14.3) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1.87 (0.07–47.0) | 2 (1) | 1 (2) | 0.62 (0.06–7.01) |
Impact factors on K-BILD total score
Total, N = 240 | Males N = 165 | Females N = 74 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | SE | P-value | 95%CI | Beta | SE | P-value | 95%CI | Beta | SE | P-value | 95%CI | |
Age | − 0.024 | 0.096 | 0.804 | −0.213-0.165 | − 0.062 | 0.116 | 0.595 | − 0.291-0.167 | 0.016 | 0.182 | 0.929 | −0.347-0.380 |
BMI | −0.063 | 0.171 | 0.714 | −0.401-0.275 | − 0.307 | 0.246 | 0.214 | −0.793-0.179 | 0.178 | 0.235 | 0.451 | −0.291-0.648 |
Gender | −0.765 | 1.53 | 0.618 | −3.779-2.250 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
FVC % predicted | 0.225 | 0.084 | 0.008* | 0.060–0.389 | 0.246 | 0.107 | 0.023* | 0.034–0.458 | 0.191 | 0.138 | 0.169 | −0.083-0.466 |
FEV1% predicted | −0.03 | 0.078 | 0.699 | −0.184-0.124 | −0.047 | 0.095 | 0.618 | −0.234-0.140 | −0.02 | 0.143 | 0.889 | −0.305-0.265 |
Comorbidities status | −0.7 | 0.546 | 0.201 | −1.775-0.375 | −0.865 | 0.647 | 0.183 | −2.144-0.413 | 0.06 | 1.052 | 0.955 | −2.038-2.158 |