Background
Ethical considerations
Methods
Study design and population
Survey content and administration
Data analysis
Sample size and response rates
Results
Demographic data
Demographic Item | M (SD) | Range | Frequency | n |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | ||||
20–25 | 37.1 | 20–55+ | 11 (7.5%) | 146 |
26–35 | (9.1) | 53 (36.3%) | ||
36–45 | 57 (39.0%) | |||
46–55 | 19 (13.0%) | |||
> 55 | 6 (4.1%) | |||
Gender | – | – | ||
Male | 76 (52.1%) | 146 | ||
Female | 70 (47.9%) | |||
Nationality | – | – | 146 | |
Bahraini | 65 (44.5%) | |||
Non-Bahraini | 81 (55.4%) | |||
Profession | – | – | ||
Nurse (N) | 79 (54.1%) | 146 | ||
Physician (P) | 67 (45.9%) | |||
Physician Level | – | – | 67 | |
Consultant | 10 (6.8%) | |||
Senior-Registrar/Chief Resident Registrar/Senior Resident | 18 (12.3%) 26 (17.8%) | |||
Senior House Officer/Resident | 13 (8.9%) | |||
Level of experience (years) | ||||
1 to 5 | > 15 | 1–15+ | 33 (22.6%) (15 N, 18 P) | 146 |
6 to 10 | 37 (25.3%) (19 N, 18 P) | |||
11 to 15 | 32 (21.9%) (18 N, 14 P) | |||
> 15 | 44 (30.1%) (27 N, 17 P) | |||
Participation in CPR (per month) | ||||
0 | > 5 | 0–5+ | 15 (10.2%) (10 N, 5 P) | 146 |
1 to 3 | 47 (32.1%) (17 N, 30 P) | |||
3 to 5 | 23 (15.7%) (12 N, 11 P) | |||
> 5 | 61 (41.8%) (40 N, 21 P) |
Knowledge and participation in FPDR
Statements | Yes | No | Chi-square | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physician | Nurse | Physician | Nurse | ||
Q1. Do you know the concept of FPDR (family presence during resuscitation)? | 55 (82.1%) | 56 (70.9%) | 12 (17.9%) | 23 (29.1%) | 0.08 |
Q2. Have you participated in CPR in which a family member was present? | 49 (73.1%) | 44 (55.7%) | 18 (26.9%) | 35 (44.3%) | 0.02 |
Strongly agree | Agree | Neutral | Disagree | Strongly Disagree | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q5. Do you support implementing/producing policy allowing FPDR in your institution? | (5) | (4) | (3) | (2) | (1) |
Q6. FPDR is a patient/family right | (5) | (4) | (3) | (2) | (1) |
Q7. Family members should have the option to attend the CPR for adult patients | (5) | (4) | (3) | (2) | (1) |
Q8. Family members should have the option to attend the CPR for pediatric patients | (5) | (4) | (3) | (2) | (1) |
Q9. FPDR interfere with patient CPR (family may request to continue or to terminate CPR) | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
Q10. FPDR decrease family anger towards members of the code team | (5) | (4) | (3) | (2) | (1) |
Q11. Family members may witness error or misinterpret some actions during resuscitation | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
Q12. FPDR can cause psychological stress/traumatic experience for family members | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
Q13. FPDR can help to grieve for family members | (5) | (4) | (3) | (2) | (1) |
Q14. FPDR keeps family members updated about progress of resuscitation | (5) | (4) | (3) | (2) | (1) |
Q15. FPDR need adequate space in the resuscitation room | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
Q16. FPDR needs to be dedicated and trained personnel to accompany family members | (5) | (4) | (3) | (2) | (1) |
Q17. FPDR is stressful for members of the code team | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
Q18. FPDR may pose a physical threat for members of the code team | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
Q19. FPDR increase fear of complaints/litigations against members of the code team | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
Q20. FPDR may breach patient confidentiality | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
Q21. FPDR will motivate members of the code team to manage the patient in a more humane manner | (5) | (4) | (3) | (2) | (1) |
Q22. FPDR impede training of junior staff during CPR | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
Possible confounds
Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 | Q10 | Q11 | Q12 | Q13 | Q14 | Q15 | Q16 | Q17 | Q18 | Q19 | Q20 | Q21 | Q22 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.40 | 0.77 | 0.16 | 0.91 | 0.21 | 0.95 | 0.22 | 0.48 | 0.35 | 0.44 | 0.89 | 0.67 | 0.17 | 0.95 |
Nationality | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.39 | 0.00 | 0.47 | 0.01 | 0.56 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.20 | 0.04 | 0.45 |
Question no. | Likert score 1 No. of response (%) | Likert score 2 No. of response (%) | Likert score 3 No. of response (%) | Likert score 4 No. of response (%) | Likert score 5 No. of response (%) | Likert score Mean ± SD | Chi-square* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Code 1: Personal Beliefs | |||||||
Q5. | 30 (20.5%) P: 7 (10.4%) N: 23 (29.1%) | 28 (19.2%) P: 5 (7.5%) N: 23 (29.1%) | 35 (24.0%) P: 19 (28.4%) N: 16 (20.3%) | 40 (27.4%) P: 27 (40.3%) N: 13 (16.5%) | 13 (8.9%) P: 9 (13.4%) N: 4 (5.1%) | 2.85 ± 1.28 | 0.00 |
Q6. | 15 (10.3%) P: 4 (6.0%) N: 11 (13.9%) | 28 (19.2%) P: 9 (13.4%) N: 19 (24.1%) | 44 (30.1%) P: 21 (31.3%) N: 23 (29.1%) | 49 (33.6%) P: 26 (38.8%) N: 23 (29.1%) | 10 (6.8%) P: 7 (10.4%) N: 3 (3.8%) | 3.07 ± 1.10 | 0.10 |
Q7. | 28 (19.2%) P: 7 (10.4%) N: 21 (26.6%) | 37 (25.3%) P: 12 (17.9%) N: 25 (31.6%) | 26 (17.8%) P: 11 (16.4%) N: 15 (19.0%) | 48 (32.9%) P: 32 (47.8%) N: 16 (20.3%) | 7 (4.8%) P: 5 (7.5%) N: 2 (2.5%) | 2.79 ± 1.23 | 0.001 |
Q8. | 25 (17.1%) P: 3 (4.5%) N: 22 (27.8%) | 41 (28.1%) P: 11 (16.4%) N: 30 (38.0%) | 21 (14.4%) P: 11 (16.4%) N: 10 (12.7%) | 42 (28.8%) P: 28 (41.8%) N: 14 (17.7%) | 17 (11.6%) P: 14 (20.9%) N: 3 (3.8%) | 2.90 ± 1.31 | 0.00 |
Q13. | 11 (7.5%) P: 3 (4.5%) N: 8 (10.1%) | 33 (22.6%) P: 9 (13.4%) N: 24 (30.4%) | 43 (29.5%) P: 19 (28.4%) N: 24 (30.4%) | 51 (34.9%) P: 32 (47.8%) N: 19 (24.1%) | 8 (5.5%) P: 4 (6.0%) N: 4 (5.06%) | 3.08 ± 1.05 | 0.017 |
Code 2: Impact on Professional Practice and Performance | |||||||
Q9. | 30 (20.5%) P: 14 (20.9%) N: 16 (20.3%) | 52 (35.6%) P: 27 (40.3%) N: 25 (31.6%) | 35 (24.0%) P: 16 (23.9%) N: 19 (24.1%) | 23 (15.8%) P: 9 (13.4%) N: 14 (17.7%) | 6 (4.1%) P: 1 (1.5%) N: 5 (6.3%) | 2.47 ± 1.11 | 0.516 |
Q11. | 25 (17.1%) P: 13 (19.4%) N: 12 (15.2%) | 84 (57.5%) P: 38 (56.7%) N: 46 (58.2%) | 16 (11.0%) P: 7 (10.4%) N: 9 (11.4%) | 13 (8.9%) P: 5 (7.5%) N: 8 (10.1%) | 8 (5.5%) P: 4 (6.0%) N: 4 (5.1%) | 3.00 ± 1.16 | 0.943 |
Q12. | 45 (30.8%) P: 17 (25.4%) N: 28 (35.4%) | 80 (54.8%) P: 39 (58.2%) N: 41 (51.9%) | 11 (7.5%) P: 6 (9.0%) N: 5 (6.3%) | 5 (3.4%) P: 4 (5.1%) N: 1 (1.3%) | 5 (3.4%) P: 1 (1.5%) N: 4 (5.1%) | 1.94 ± 0.91 | 0.241 |
Q15. | 39 (26.7%) P: 23 (34.3%) N: 16 (20.3%) | 82 (56.2%) P: 38 (56.7%) N: 44 (55.7%) | 14 (9.6%) P: 5 (7.5%) N: 9 (11.4%) | 6 (4.1%) P: 1 (1.5%) N: 5 (6.3%) | 5 (4.1%) P: 0 (0.0%) N: 5 (6.3%) | 2.01 ± 0.92 | 0.048 |
Q17. | 44 (30.1%) P: 18 (26.9%) N: 26 (32.9%) | 80 (54.8%) P: 39 (58.2%) N: 41 (51.9%) | 14 (9.6%) P: 8 (11.9%) N: 6 (7.6%) | 5 (3.4%) P: 2 (3.0%) N: 3 (3.8%) | 3 (2.1%) P: 0 (0.0%) N: 3 (3.8%) | 1.92 ± 0.85 | 0.402 |
Q18. | 33 (22.6%) P: 16 (23.9%) N: 17 (21.5%) | 80 (54.8%) P:32 (47.8%) N: 48 (60.8%) | 17 (11.6%) P: 8 (11.9%) N: 9 (11.4%) | 16 (11.0%) P: 11 (16.4%) N: 5 (6.3%) | 0 (0) | 2.11 ± 0.88 | 0.205 |
Q19. | 31 (21.2%) P: 16 (23.9%) N: 15 (19.0%) | 78 (53.4%) P: 30 (44.8%) N: 48 (60.8%) | 21 (14.4%) P: 12 (17.9%) N: 9 (11.4%) | 15 (10.3%) P: 9 (13.4%) N: 6 (7.6%) | 1 (0.7%) P: 0 (0.0%) N: 1 (1.3%) | 2.16 ± 0.90 | 0.261 |
Q20. | 21 (14.4%) P: 10 (14.9%) N: 11 (13.9%) | 72 (49.3%) P: 30 (44.8%) N: 42 (53.2%) | 35 (24.0%) P: 14 (20.9%) N: 21 (26.6%) | 17 (11.6%) P: 12 (17.9%) N: 5 (6.3%) | 1 (0.7%) P: 1 (1.5%) N: 0 (0.0%) | 2.35 ± 0.89 | 0.172 |
Q22. | 22 (15.1%) P: 12 (17.9%) N: 10 (12.7%) | 68 (46.6%) P: 32 (47.8%) N: 36 (45.6%) | 33 (22.6%) P: 13 (19.4%) N: 20 (25.3%) | 17 (11.6%) P: 10 (14.9%) N: 7 (8.9%) | 6 (4.1%) P: 0 (0.0%) N: 6 (7.6%) | 2.43 ± 1.01 | 0.112 |
Code 3: Enhances Professional Satisfaction and Behavior | |||||||
Q10. | 18 (12.3%) P: 4 (6.0%) N: 14 (17.7%) | 36 (24.7%) P: 15 (22.4%) N: 21 (6.6%) | 28 (19.2%) P: 8 (11.9%) N: 20 (25.3%) | 56 (38.4%) P: 34 (50.7%) N: 22 (7.8%) | 8 (5.5%) P: 6 (9.0%) N: 2 (.5%) | 3.00 ± 1.16 | 0.004 |
Q21. | 14 (9.6%) P: 2 (3.0%) N: 12 (15.2%) | 27 (18.5%) P: 8 (11.9%) N: 19 (24.1%) | 32 (21.9%) P: 11 (16.4%) N: 21 (26.6%) | 57 (39.0%) P: 36 (53.7%) N: 21 (26.6%) | 16 (11.0%) P: 10 (14.9%) N: 6 (7.6%) | 3.23 ± 1.16 | 0.001 |
Code 4: Importance of a Support Person and Saying Goodbye | |||||||
Q14. | 11 (7.5%) P: 2 (3.0%) N: 9 (11.4%) | 25 (17.1%) P: 6 (9.0%) N: 19 (24.1%) | 24 (16.4%) P: 11 (16.4%) N: 13 (16.5%) | 73 (50.0%) P: 39 (58.2%) N: 34 (43.0%) | 13 (8.9%) P: 9 (13.4%) N: 4 (5.1%) | 3.36 ± 1.10 | 0.013 |
Q16. | 2 (1.4%) P: 0 (0.0%) N: 2 (2.5%) | 10 (6.8%) P: 3 (4.5%) N: 7 (8.9%) | 16 (11.0%) P: 4 (6.0%) N: 12 (15.2%) | 83 (56.8%) P: 34 (50.7%) N: 49 (62.0%) | 35 (24.0%) P: 26 (38.8%) N: 9 (11.4%) | 3.95 ± 0.87 | 0.001 |