Background
Methods
Data bases and search strategy
Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
---|---|
• Country and setting: Ethiopia and any setting • Study design: any study design • Outcome: reported the prevalence or number of H.pylori cases and sample size • Type of articles: full text and peer-reviewed; published in English language • Publication year: up to June 30, 2018 • Types of diagnosis: reported any laboratory tests | • Evaluation of diagnostic tests and antimicrobial sensitivity • Systematic reviews and meta-analysis • Studies on virulence factor genes • Studies on age at acquisition of H.pylori infection and its effect • Studies emerged from single cohort study with similar prevalence report |
Quality assessment
Data extraction
Data analysis
Publication bias and sensitivity analysis
Results
Characteristics of included studies
Author, year | Study period | Study region | Study design | Study subjects | Lab test used | Sample size | Cases | Prevalence (%) | Publication history |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ababu, 2016 | 2016 | Addis Ababa | Cross-sectional | HIV patients on ART | Stool antigen | 388 | 213 | 54.9 | Unpublished |
Abebaw, 2014 | 2013 | Amhara | Cross-sectional | Dyspeptic patients | Serology (IgG) | 209 | 151 | 72.2 | Published |
Alebie, 2016 | 2016 | Somalia | Cross-sectional | University students with gastritis | Serology (IgG, IgM, IgA) | 145 | 103 | 71.0 | Published |
Alemayehu, 2011 | 2010–2011 | South | Case control | Dyspeptic and non-dyspeptic patients | Serology (IgG) | 106 | 66 | 62.3 | Unpublished |
Amberebir, 2011 | 2008–2009 | South | Cohort | Children at age three | Stool antigen | 616 | 253 | 41.1 | Published |
Amberebir, 2014 | 2008–2009 | South | Cohort | Children at age five | Stool antigen | 857 | 377 | 44.0 | Published |
Asrat, 2004 | 2000–2002 | Addis Ababa | Cross-sectional | Dyspeptic patients | PCR, culture, Rapid Urease,, Histology, Silver stain, stool antigen, serology (EIA, immunoblot – IgG), | 300 | 273 | 91.0 | Published |
Assefa, 2017 | 2016 | Addis Ababa | Case control | Pregnant women | Stool antigen | 150 | 37 | 24.7 | Unpublished |
Ayele, 2017 | 2016 | South | Case control | Dyspeptic and non-dyspeptic patients | Stool antigen | 168 | 13 | 7.7 | Published |
Berhaneselassie, 2017 | 2010 | South | Case control | Dyspeptic and non-dyspeptic patients | Serology (IgG) | 195 | 175 | 89.7 | Published |
Desta, 2002 | 2001 | Addis Ababa | Cross-sectional | Blood donors | Serology (IgG) | 150 | 133 | 88.7 | Published |
Dilnessa, 2017 | 2015 | Gumuz | Cross-sectional | Dyspeptic and non-dyspeptic patients | Stool antigen | 230 | 112 | 48.7 | Published |
Hailu. 2016 | 2012–2013 | South | Cross-sectional | Upper GI symptoms | Stool antigen | 349 | 177 | 50.7 | Published |
Henriksen, 1999 | 1992–1995 | South | Cohort | PUD and non-PUD patients | Rapid urease, Loffler stain | 290 | 234 | 80.7 | Published |
Kassew, 2017 | 2016 | Amhara | Cross-sectional | Dyspeptic patients | Stool antigen | 354 | 133 | 37.6 | Published |
Kebede, 2015 | 2014 | Oromia | Cross-sectional | TB and non-TB patients | Stool antigen | 108 | 20 | 18.5 | Published |
Kemal, 2014 | 2014 | Addis Ababa | Cross-sectional | Upper GI symptoms | Stool antigen | 221 | 57 | 25.8 | Unpublished |
Kibru, 2014 | 2013 | South | Cross-sectional | Dyspeptic patients | Stool antigen | 401 | 210 | 52.4 | Published |
Lindkvist, 1998 | 1995 | South | Case control | Rural and 2–4 years old children | Serology(EIA, immunoblot - IgG) | 242 | 116 | 47.9 | Published |
Lindkvist, 1999 | 1995 | South | Cohort | Seronegative children | Serology(EIA, immunoblot - IgG) | 77 | 44 | 57.1 | Published |
Mathewos, 2013 | 2009–2011 | Amhara | Retrospective | H.pylori suspects | Serology (IgG, IgM, IgA) | 1388 | 912 | 65.7 | Published |
Moges, 2006 | 2003 | Amhara | Cross-sectional | Dyspeptic patients | Serology (IgG) | 215 | 184 | 85.7 | Published |
Seid, 2017 | 2017 | Addis Ababa | Case control | Dyspeptic and non-dyspeptic HIV patients | Stool antigen | 370 | 117 | 31.6 | Unpublished |
Seid, 2018 | 2015 | Amhara | Cross-sectional | Upper GI symptoms | Stool antigen | 318 | 99 | 31.1 | Published |
Seid, 2018a | 2015–2016 | Amhara | Cross-sectional | Upper GI symptoms | Serology (IgG) | 363 | 255 | 70.2 | Published |
Seid, 2018b | 2016 | Amhara | Cross-sectional | Upper GI symptoms | Stool antigen, serology (IgG) | 342 | 104 | 30.4 | Published |
Tadege, 2005 | 2002–2003 | Amhara | Case control | Dyspeptic and non-dyspeptic patients | Serology (EIA, imunoblot - IgG) | 200 | 124 | 62.0 | Published |
Tadesse, 2011 | 2009 | Addis Ababa | Case control | Dyspeptic and non-dyspeptic patients | Stool antigen, serology (IgG, IgM, IgA) | 238 | 109 | 45.8 | Published |
Tadesse, 2014 | 2012–2013 | South | Cross-sectional | Upper GI symptoms | Serology (double ELISA -IgG) | 408 | 340 | 83.3 | Published |
Taye, 2015 | 2008–2009 | South | Cohort | Children at age 6.5 | Stool antigen | 848 | 88 | 10.4 | Published |
Tedla, 1992 | 1990 | South | Cohort | Upper GI symptoms | Rapid urease, Loeffler, Methylene blue stain | 444 | 324 | 73.0 | Published |
Teka, 2016 | 2010–2011 | Addis Ababa | Cross-sectional | HIV positive and negative patients | Serology (IgG) | 212 | 120 | 56.6 | Published |
Terfa, 2015 | 2015 | Addis Ababa | Cross-sectional | Women of child bearing age | Stool antigen | 332 | 96 | 28.9 | Unpublished |
Tesfaye, 2017 | 2016–2017 | Oromia | Cross-sectional | Health facility and school children | Serology (IgM, IgG, IgA), stool antigen | 461 | 296 | 64.2 | Unpublished |
Tsega, 1996 | 1994 | Addis Ababa | Case control | NUD and asymptomatic patients | Gram, giemsa, gemineze stain | 207 | 120 | 58.0 | Published |
Workineh, 2016 | 2009–2013 | Amhara | Retrospective | Dyspeptic patients | Serology (IgG, IgM, IgA) | 6566 | 2733 | 41.6 | Published |
Worku, 2017 | 2017 | Addis Ababa | Cross-sectional | School children | Stool antigen | 422 | 61 | 14.5 | Unpublished |
Pooled prevalence of H.pylori
Subgroup prevalence of H.pylori
Variables | No of included studies | Pooled prevalence estimate | Heterogeneity | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample size | Cases | Prevalence, 95% CI | I2 (%) | Q (P-value) | ||
Region | ||||||
Addis Ababa | 11 | 2990 | 1336 | 48.1 (36.3–60.2) | 50.4 | 0.790 |
Amhara | 9 | 9955 | 4695 | 54.6 (42.0–66.7) | 1.7 | 0.412 |
Benishangul gumuz | 1 | 230 | 112 | 48.7 (16.0–82.6) | 0.0 | 0.954 |
Oromia | 2 | 569 | 316 | 39.9 (17.3–67.7) | 61.4 | 0.517 |
Somalia | 1 | 145 | 103 | 71.0 (32.5–92.6) | – | – |
SNNPR | 13 | 5001 | 2417 | 53.6 (42.4–64.4) | 53.1 | 0.569 |
Study period a | ||||||
1990–2000 | 5 | 1260 | 838 | 64.4 (47.3–78.5) | 0.0 | 0.097 |
2001–2011 | 12 | 8724 | 4118 | 62.2 (51.1–72.1) | 64.3 | 0.031 |
2012–2017 | 21 | 8906 | 4.023 | 42.9 (34.8–51.4) | 37.0 | 0.102 |
Sample size | ||||||
< 150 | 6 | 736 | 403 | 54.7 (36.8–71.4) | 51.3 | 0.614 |
151–500 | 26 | 7879 | 4213 | 54.5 (45.9–62.8 | 39.5 | 0.306 |
501–1000 | 3 | 2321 | 718 | 28.6 (12.8–52.2) | 31.2 | 0.074 |
> 1000 | 2 | 7954 | 3645 | 53.9 (25.5–79.9) | 0.0 | 0.804 |
Study design | ||||||
Cross-sectional | 20 | 5928 | 3137 | 55.1 (44.9–64.9) | 39.9 | 0.324 |
Case control | 9 | 1876 | 877 | 47.0 (32.5–62.1) | 44.7 | 0.704 |
Cohort | 6 | 3132 | 1320 | 49.7 (39.6–67.5) | 45.7 | 0.972 |
Retrospective | 2 | 7954 | 3645 | 53.9 (24.5–80.5) | 0.0 | 0.812 |
Lab tests used | ||||||
Stool antigen | 18 | 6712 | 2276 | 31.4 (24.6–39.1) | 8.5 | < 0.001 |
Serology (IgM, IgG, IgA) | 15 | 10,937 | 5752 | 69.7 (61.2–76.9) | 2.3 | < 0.001 |
Others b | 4 | 1241 | 951 | 77.8 (63.0–87.8) | 21 | 0.001 |
Number of tests used | ||||||
Single | 27 | 7235 | 16,099 | 48.1 (40.8–55.5) | 57.22 | 0.662 |
Multiple | 10 | 1744 | 2801 | 62.9 (51.0–73.4) | 19.7 | 0.034 |
Publication history | ||||||
Published | 29 | 16,440 | 8036 | 56.6 (49.2–63.6) | 51.5 | 0.081 |
Unpublished | 8 | 2450 | 943 | 36.8 (24.9–50.5) | 11.2 | 0.059 |