Background
Methods
Patients
Endoscopy and histology
Detection of H. pylori and genotyping of vacA
Detection of cagA
Detection of babA2
Statistical analysis
Results
Patients and histological diagnosis
Diagnosis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
CG n = 767 n (%) | GU n = 115 n (%) | GC n = 39 n (%) |
p value | |
Age (years) | ||||
≤20 years old | 32 (4.2) | 3 (2.6) | 0 | <0.001δ
|
20–39 years old | 218 (28.4) | 20 (17.4) | 9 (23.1) | |
40–59 years old | 348 (45.4) | 48 (41.7) | 9 (23.1) | |
≥60 years old | 169 (22) | 44 (38.3) | 21 (53.8) | |
Gender n (%) | ||||
Female | 471 (61.4) | 65 (56.5) | 24 (61.5) | 0.603Ф
|
Male | 296 (38.6) | 50 (43.5) | 15 (38.5) | |
Education n (%) | ||||
College or higher | 367 (47.9) | 43 (37.4) | 3 (7.7) | <0.001δ
|
High school | 114 (14.9) | 16 (13.9) | 5 (12.8) | |
Junior high school | 90 (11.7) | 5 (4.4) | 4 (10.3) | |
Elementary school | 143 (18.6) | 31 (26.9) | 15 (38.5) | |
Uneducated | 53 (6.9) | 20 (17.4) | 12 (30.7) | |
Smoking habit n (%) | ||||
No | 441 (57.5) | 53 (46.1) | 20 (51.3) | 0.060Ф
|
Current or previous smoker | 326 (42.5) | 62 (53.9) | 19 (48.7) | |
Alcohol drinking n (%) | ||||
No | 185 (24.1) | 37 (32.2) | 9 (23.1) | 0.170Ф
|
Drinker or exdrinker | 582 (75.9) | 78 (67.8) | 30 (76.9) | |
Overcrowding n (%) | ||||
No | 477 (62.2) | 90 (78.3) | 25 (64.1) | 0.004Ф
|
Yes | 290 (37.8) | 25 (21.7) | 14 (35.9) |
Prevalence of H. pylori
Diagnosis |
p value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
CG n (%) | GU n (%) | GC n (%) | ||
H. pylori
| ||||
Negative | 400 (52.2) | 58 (50.4) | 15 (38.5) | 0.243Ф
|
Positive | 367 (47.8) | 57 (49.6) | 24 (61.5) | |
Total | 767 (100) | 115 (100) | 39 (100) | |
Distribution of H. pylori by age group | ||||
≤20 years old | 16 (4.4) | 1 (1.8) | 0 | 0.003δ
|
20–39 years old | 120 (32.7) | 10 (17.5) | 4 (16.7) | |
40–59 years old | 162 (44.1) | 26 (45.6) | 8 (33.3) | |
≥60 years old | 69 (18.8) | 20 (35.1) | 12 (50) | |
Total | 367 (100) | 57(100) | 24 (100) | |
vacA alleles | ||||
s1
| 290 (83.3) | 49 (84.5) | 21(91.3) | |
s2
| 58 (16.7) | 9 (15.5) | 2 (8.7) | |
m1
| 201 (60.9) | 36 (67.9) | 20 (90.9) | |
m2
| 129 (39.1) | 17 (32.1) | 2 (9.1) | |
vacA genotypes
| ||||
s1m1
| 166 (45.2) | 35 (61.4) | 20 (83.3) | 0.017δ
|
s1m2
| 62 (16.8) | 7 (12.2) | 0 | |
s2m1
| 9 (2.5) | 0 | 0 | |
s2m2
| 41 (11.2) | 9 (15.8) | 2 (8.3) | |
s1m1/s1m2
| 22 (6) | 1 (1.8) | 0 | |
s2m1/s2m2
| 4 (1.1) | 0 | 0 | |
s1m0
| 18 (4.9) | 5 (8.8) | 1 (4.2) | |
s0m2
| 4 (1.1) | 0 | 0 | |
Non-typeable | 41 (11.2) | 0 | 1 (4.2) | |
Total | 367 (100) | 57 (100) | 24 (100) | |
cagA
| ||||
Negative | 158 (43.0) | 22 (38.6) | 10 (41.7) | 0.925Ф
|
Positive | 209 (57.0) | 35 (61.4) | 14 (58.3) | |
Total | 367 (100) | 57 (100) | 24 (100) | |
babA2
| ||||
Negative | 268 (73.0) | 42 (73.7) | 14 (58.3) | 0.114Ф
|
Positive | 99 (27.0) | 15 (26.3) | 10 (41.7) | |
Total | 367 (100) | 57 (100) | 24 (100) | |
vacA/cagA genotypes
a
| ||||
s2m2/cagA− | 26 (14.1) | 3 (7.9) | 1 (6.3) | 0.114δ
|
s2m2/cagA+ | 7 (3.8) | 2 (5.3) | 0 | |
s1m1/cagA− | 21 (11.4) | 11 (28.9) | 2 (12.5) | |
s1m1/cagA+ | 130 (70.7) | 22 (57.9) | 13 (81.3) | |
Total | 184 (100) | 38 (100) | 16 (100) |
vacA genotypes
Patient | Adjacent tissue n = 13 | Tumor n = 13 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
rRNA 16S H. pylori
|
vacA
|
cagA
|
babA2
|
rRNA 16S H. pylori
|
vacA
|
cagA
|
babA2
| |||
s
|
m
|
s
|
m
| |||||||
IEC02 | Negative | Negative | ||||||||
IEC03 | Positive |
s1
|
m1
| + | + | Positive |
s1
|
m1
| + | + |
IEC04 | Negative | Negative | ||||||||
IEC05 | Positive |
s1
|
m1
| + | – | Positive |
s1
|
m1
| + | – |
IEC07 | Negative | Negative | ||||||||
IEC10 | Positive |
s1
|
m1
| – | – | Negative | – | – | – | – |
IEC11 | Positive |
s2
|
m2
| – | + | Positive |
s2
|
m2
| – | + |
IEC12 | Positive |
s1
|
m1
| + | + | Negative | – | – | – | – |
IEC16 | Positive |
s1
|
m1
| + | + | Positive |
s1
|
m1
| + | + |
IEC17 | Positive |
s1
|
m1
| + | + | Positive |
s1
|
m1
| + | + |
IEC19 | Positive |
s2
|
m2
| – | – | Positive |
s2
|
m2
| – | – |
IEC 20 | Negative | Negative | ||||||||
IEC 21 | Positive |
s1
|
m1
| + | + | Positive |
s1
|
m1
| + | + |
Total | 13 |
9
|
9
| 6 | 6 | 13 |
7
|
7
| 5 | 5 |
Frequency of cagA and babA2
Association of H. pylori and vacA, cagA and babA2 genotypes with diagnosis
Diagnosis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Gastric ulcer | Gastric cancer | |||
OR (CI 95%) |
p value | ORa (CI 95%) |
p value | |
H. pylori
| ||||
Negative | 1.0b
| 1.0b
| ||
Positive | 1.07 (0.71–1.61) | 0.728 | 2.08 (1.05–4.13) | 0.035 |
vacA
| ||||
s2m2
| 1.0b
| 1.0b
| ||
s1m1
| 2.02 (1.12–3.62) | 0.019 | 6.58 (2.15–20.08) | 0.001 |
cagA
| ||||
Negative | 1.0b
| 1.0b
| ||
Positive | 1.02 (0.56–1.86) | 0.934 | 1.22 (0.47–3.17) | 0.676 |
babA2
| ||||
Negative | 1.0b
| 1.0b
| ||
Positive | 0.97 (0.50–1.85) | 0.927 | 2.50 (0.99–6.32) | 0.052 |
Genotype | ||||
s2m2/cagA− | 1.0b
| 1.0b
| ||
s2m2/cagA+ | 2.5 (0.33–18.6) | 0.374 | – | – |
s1m1/cagA− | 4.3 (1.02–18.2) | 0.047 | 1.8 (0.15–22.1) | 0.639 |
s1m1/cagA+ | 1.5 (0.40–5.5) | 0.550 | 2.1 (0.25–16.8) | 0.502 |