Skip to main content
Erschienen in: International Urology and Nephrology 4/2013

01.08.2013 | Nephrology - Original Paper

High FFA levels related to microalbuminuria and uncoupling of VEGF-NO axis in obese rats

verfasst von: Xiaodong Sun, Yerong Yu, Lina Han

Erschienen in: International Urology and Nephrology | Ausgabe 4/2013

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

The objectives of this study were to test whether elevated free fatty acids (FFA) from visceral fat accumulation is related to increased urinary albumin excretion and whether fenofibrate has renal protective effects by regulating vascular endothelial growth factor-nitric oxide (VEGF-NO) axis in rats with diet-induced obesity.

Methods

Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups fed a normal diet, a high-fat diet, and a high-fat diet plus fenofibrate. Blood and urine samples were collected. Endothelial function was determined by measuring endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDV) of the aorta. Renal tissues were collected for CD31 immunohistochemistry. Glomerular NO and VEGF expression were measured by Griess reaction and Western blot, respectively.

Results

At the end of 24 weeks, plasma FFA and triglyceride levels significantly increased in the obese rats. Fenofibrate intervention decreased serum FFA and triglyceride levels by 43.4 and 48 %, respectively, accompanied by a reduced visceral fat index. Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio increased in obese rats, which decreased 62.6 % after fenofibrate intervention. Severe EDV impairment was observed in obese rats; this was partially improved by fenofibrate. CD31 expression in glomeruli increased in obese rats, indicating increased endothelial cell proliferation. Obese rats showed increased glomerular VEGF expression and reduced NO levels. This uncoupling of VEGF-NO axis was partially improved by fenofibrate.

Conclusion

Elevated circulating FFA level may cause increased microalbuminuria in obese rats due to impairment of EDV; increased microalbuminuria can be improved by fenofibrate intervention. The mechanism may be related to FFA-induced uncoupling of VEGF-NO axis and endothelial dysfunction.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Dey A, Williams RS, Pollock DM, Stepp DW, Newman JW, Hammock BD et al (2004) Altered kidney CYP2C and cyclooxygenase-2 levels are associated with obesity-related albuminuria. Obes Res 12(8):1278–1289PubMedCrossRef Dey A, Williams RS, Pollock DM, Stepp DW, Newman JW, Hammock BD et al (2004) Altered kidney CYP2C and cyclooxygenase-2 levels are associated with obesity-related albuminuria. Obes Res 12(8):1278–1289PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Kawar B, Bello AK, El NAM (2009) High prevalence of microalbuminuria in the overweight and obese population: data from a UK population screening programme. Nephron Clin Pract 112(3):c205–c212PubMedCrossRef Kawar B, Bello AK, El NAM (2009) High prevalence of microalbuminuria in the overweight and obese population: data from a UK population screening programme. Nephron Clin Pract 112(3):c205–c212PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Klausen KP, Parving HH, Scharling H, Jensen JS (2009) Microalbuminuria and obesity: impact on cardiovascular disease and mortality. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 71(1):40–45CrossRef Klausen KP, Parving HH, Scharling H, Jensen JS (2009) Microalbuminuria and obesity: impact on cardiovascular disease and mortality. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 71(1):40–45CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Tebbe U, Bramlage P, Thoenes M, Paar WD, Danchin N, Volpe M et al (2009) Prevalence of microalbuminuria and its associated cardiovascular risk: German and Swiss results of the recent global i-SEARCH survey. Swiss Med Wkly 139(33–34):473–480PubMed Tebbe U, Bramlage P, Thoenes M, Paar WD, Danchin N, Volpe M et al (2009) Prevalence of microalbuminuria and its associated cardiovascular risk: German and Swiss results of the recent global i-SEARCH survey. Swiss Med Wkly 139(33–34):473–480PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Kalaitzidis RG, Siamopoulos KC (2011) The role of obesity in kidney disease: recent findings and potential mechanisms. Int Urol Nephrol 43(3):771–784PubMedCrossRef Kalaitzidis RG, Siamopoulos KC (2011) The role of obesity in kidney disease: recent findings and potential mechanisms. Int Urol Nephrol 43(3):771–784PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat de Jong PE, Verhave JC, Pinto-Sietsma SJ, Hillege HL (2002) Obesity and target organ damage: the kidney. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 26(Suppl 4):S21–S24PubMedCrossRef de Jong PE, Verhave JC, Pinto-Sietsma SJ, Hillege HL (2002) Obesity and target organ damage: the kidney. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 26(Suppl 4):S21–S24PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Tamba S, Nakatsuji H, Kishida K, Noguchi M, Ogawa T, Okauchi Y et al (2010) Relationship between visceral fat accumulation and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio in middle-aged Japanese men. Atherosclerosis 211(2):601–605PubMedCrossRef Tamba S, Nakatsuji H, Kishida K, Noguchi M, Ogawa T, Okauchi Y et al (2010) Relationship between visceral fat accumulation and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio in middle-aged Japanese men. Atherosclerosis 211(2):601–605PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Foster MC, Hwang SJ, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, Deboer IH, Robins SJ et al (2011) Association of subcutaneous and visceral adiposity with albuminuria: the framingham heart study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 19(6):1284–1289CrossRef Foster MC, Hwang SJ, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, Deboer IH, Robins SJ et al (2011) Association of subcutaneous and visceral adiposity with albuminuria: the framingham heart study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 19(6):1284–1289CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Kume S, Uzu T, Araki S, Sugimoto T, Isshiki K, Chin-Kanasaki M et al (2007) Role of altered renal lipid metabolism in the development of renal injury induced by a high-fat diet. J Am Soc Nephrol 18(10):2715–2723PubMedCrossRef Kume S, Uzu T, Araki S, Sugimoto T, Isshiki K, Chin-Kanasaki M et al (2007) Role of altered renal lipid metabolism in the development of renal injury induced by a high-fat diet. J Am Soc Nephrol 18(10):2715–2723PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Deji N, Kume S, Araki S, Soumura M, Sugimoto T, Isshiki K et al (2009) Structural and functional changes in the kidneys of high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 296(1):F118–F126PubMedCrossRef Deji N, Kume S, Araki S, Soumura M, Sugimoto T, Isshiki K et al (2009) Structural and functional changes in the kidneys of high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 296(1):F118–F126PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Stehouwer CD, Smulders YM (2006) Microalbuminuria and risk for cardiovascular disease: analysis of potential mechanisms. J Am Soc Nephrol 17(8):2106–2111PubMedCrossRef Stehouwer CD, Smulders YM (2006) Microalbuminuria and risk for cardiovascular disease: analysis of potential mechanisms. J Am Soc Nephrol 17(8):2106–2111PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakagawa T (2007) Uncoupling of the VEGF-endothelial nitric oxide axis in diabetic nephropathy: an explanation for the paradoxical effects of VEGF in renal disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 292(6):F1665–F1672PubMedCrossRef Nakagawa T (2007) Uncoupling of the VEGF-endothelial nitric oxide axis in diabetic nephropathy: an explanation for the paradoxical effects of VEGF in renal disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 292(6):F1665–F1672PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakagawa T, Sato W, Sautin YY, Glushakova O, Croker B, Atkinson MA et al (2006) Uncoupling of vascular endothelial growth factor with nitric oxide as a mechanism for diabetic vasculopathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 17(3):736–745PubMedCrossRef Nakagawa T, Sato W, Sautin YY, Glushakova O, Croker B, Atkinson MA et al (2006) Uncoupling of vascular endothelial growth factor with nitric oxide as a mechanism for diabetic vasculopathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 17(3):736–745PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Li H, Li H, Bao Y, Zhang X, Yu Y (2010) Free fatty acids induce endothelial dysfunction and activate protein kinase C and nuclear factor-kappaB pathway in rat aorta. Int J Cardiol 152(2):218–224PubMedCrossRef Li H, Li H, Bao Y, Zhang X, Yu Y (2010) Free fatty acids induce endothelial dysfunction and activate protein kinase C and nuclear factor-kappaB pathway in rat aorta. Int J Cardiol 152(2):218–224PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Srivastava RA, Jahagirdar R, Azhar S, Sharma S, Bisgaier CL (2006) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha selective ligand reduces adiposity, improves insulin sensitivity and inhibits atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice. Mol Cell Biochem 285(1–2):35–50PubMedCrossRef Srivastava RA, Jahagirdar R, Azhar S, Sharma S, Bisgaier CL (2006) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha selective ligand reduces adiposity, improves insulin sensitivity and inhibits atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice. Mol Cell Biochem 285(1–2):35–50PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Deng G, Long Y, Yu YR, Li MR (2010) Adiponectin directly improves endothelial dysfunction in obese rats through the AMPK-eNOS Pathway. Int J Obes (Lond) 34(1):165–171CrossRef Deng G, Long Y, Yu YR, Li MR (2010) Adiponectin directly improves endothelial dysfunction in obese rats through the AMPK-eNOS Pathway. Int J Obes (Lond) 34(1):165–171CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Lane PH, Steffes MW, Mauer SM (1992) Estimation of glomerular volume: a comparison of four methods. Kidney Int 41(4):1085–1089PubMedCrossRef Lane PH, Steffes MW, Mauer SM (1992) Estimation of glomerular volume: a comparison of four methods. Kidney Int 41(4):1085–1089PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Kono T, Saito M, Kinoshita Y, Satoh I, Shinbori C, Satoh K (2006) Real-time monitoring of nitric oxide and blood flow during ischemia-reperfusion in the rat testis. Mol Cell Biochem 286(1–2):139–145PubMedCrossRef Kono T, Saito M, Kinoshita Y, Satoh I, Shinbori C, Satoh K (2006) Real-time monitoring of nitric oxide and blood flow during ischemia-reperfusion in the rat testis. Mol Cell Biochem 286(1–2):139–145PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Asaba K, Tojo A, Onozato ML, Goto A, Quinn MT, Fujita T et al (2005) Effects of NADPH oxidase inhibitor in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 67(5):1890–1898PubMedCrossRef Asaba K, Tojo A, Onozato ML, Goto A, Quinn MT, Fujita T et al (2005) Effects of NADPH oxidase inhibitor in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 67(5):1890–1898PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Kambham N, Markowitz GS, Valeri AM, Lin J, D’Agati VD (2001) Obesity-related glomerulopathy: an emerging epidemic. Kidney Int 59(4):1498–1509PubMedCrossRef Kambham N, Markowitz GS, Valeri AM, Lin J, D’Agati VD (2001) Obesity-related glomerulopathy: an emerging epidemic. Kidney Int 59(4):1498–1509PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Henegar JR, Bigler SA, Henegar LK, Tyagi SC, Hall JE (2001) Functional and structural changes in the kidney in the early stages of obesity. J Am Soc Nephrol 12(6):1211–1217PubMed Henegar JR, Bigler SA, Henegar LK, Tyagi SC, Hall JE (2001) Functional and structural changes in the kidney in the early stages of obesity. J Am Soc Nephrol 12(6):1211–1217PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Pinto-Sietsma SJ, Navis G, Janssen WM, de Zeeuw D, Gans RO, de Jong PE (2003) A central body fat distribution is related to renal function impairment, even in lean subjects. Am J Kidney Dis 41(4):733–741PubMedCrossRef Pinto-Sietsma SJ, Navis G, Janssen WM, de Zeeuw D, Gans RO, de Jong PE (2003) A central body fat distribution is related to renal function impairment, even in lean subjects. Am J Kidney Dis 41(4):733–741PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Stehouwer CD, Gall MA, Twisk JW, Knudsen E, Emeis JJ, Parving HH (2002) Increased urinary albumin excretion, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes: progressive, interrelated, and independently associated with risk of death. Diabetes 51(4):1157–1165PubMedCrossRef Stehouwer CD, Gall MA, Twisk JW, Knudsen E, Emeis JJ, Parving HH (2002) Increased urinary albumin excretion, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes: progressive, interrelated, and independently associated with risk of death. Diabetes 51(4):1157–1165PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Deen WM (2004) What determines glomerular capillary permeability. J Clin Invest 114(10):1412–1414PubMed Deen WM (2004) What determines glomerular capillary permeability. J Clin Invest 114(10):1412–1414PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Feliers D, Chen X, Akis N, Choudhury GG, Madaio M, Kasinath BS (2005) VEGF regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in glomerular endothelial cells. Kidney Int 68(4):1648–1659PubMedCrossRef Feliers D, Chen X, Akis N, Choudhury GG, Madaio M, Kasinath BS (2005) VEGF regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in glomerular endothelial cells. Kidney Int 68(4):1648–1659PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Satoh M, Fujimoto S, Arakawa S, Yada T, Namikoshi T, Haruna Y et al (2008) Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker ameliorates uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase in rats with experimental diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23(12):3806–3813PubMedCrossRef Satoh M, Fujimoto S, Arakawa S, Yada T, Namikoshi T, Haruna Y et al (2008) Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker ameliorates uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase in rats with experimental diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23(12):3806–3813PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Davis TM, Ting R, Best JD, Donoghoe MW, Drury PL, Sullivan DR et al (2011) Effects of fenofibrate on renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) Study. Diabetologia 54(2):280–290PubMedCrossRef Davis TM, Ting R, Best JD, Donoghoe MW, Drury PL, Sullivan DR et al (2011) Effects of fenofibrate on renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) Study. Diabetologia 54(2):280–290PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanaka Y, Kume S, Araki S, Isshiki K, Chin-Kanasaki M, Sakaguchi M et al (2011) Fenofibrate, a PPARalpha agonist, has renoprotective effects in mice by enhancing renal lipolysis. Kidney Int 79(8):871–882PubMedCrossRef Tanaka Y, Kume S, Araki S, Isshiki K, Chin-Kanasaki M, Sakaguchi M et al (2011) Fenofibrate, a PPARalpha agonist, has renoprotective effects in mice by enhancing renal lipolysis. Kidney Int 79(8):871–882PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Goetze S, Eilers F, Bungenstock A, Kintscher U, Stawowy P, Blaschke F et al (2002) PPAR activators inhibit endothelial cell migration by targeting Akt. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 293(5):1431–1437PubMedCrossRef Goetze S, Eilers F, Bungenstock A, Kintscher U, Stawowy P, Blaschke F et al (2002) PPAR activators inhibit endothelial cell migration by targeting Akt. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 293(5):1431–1437PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Olukman M, Sezer ED, Ulker S, Sozmen EY, Cinar GM (2010) Fenofibrate treatment enhances antioxidant status and attenuates endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Exp Diabetes Res 2010:828531PubMedCrossRef Olukman M, Sezer ED, Ulker S, Sozmen EY, Cinar GM (2010) Fenofibrate treatment enhances antioxidant status and attenuates endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Exp Diabetes Res 2010:828531PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
High FFA levels related to microalbuminuria and uncoupling of VEGF-NO axis in obese rats
verfasst von
Xiaodong Sun
Yerong Yu
Lina Han
Publikationsdatum
01.08.2013
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
International Urology and Nephrology / Ausgabe 4/2013
Print ISSN: 0301-1623
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2584
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-013-0428-9

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2013

International Urology and Nephrology 4/2013 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Battle of Experts: Sport vs. Spritze bei Adipositas und Typ-2-Diabetes

11.05.2024 DDG-Jahrestagung 2024 Kongressbericht

Im Battle of Experts traten zwei Experten auf dem Diabeteskongress gegeneinander an: Die eine vertrat die Auffassung „Sport statt Spritze“ bei Adipositas und Typ-2-Diabetes, der andere forderte „Spritze statt Sport!“ Am Ende waren sie sich aber einig: Die Kombination aus beidem erzielt die besten Ergebnisse.

Vorsicht, erhöhte Blutungsgefahr nach PCI!

10.05.2024 Koronare Herzerkrankung Nachrichten

Nach PCI besteht ein erhöhtes Blutungsrisiko, wenn die Behandelten eine verminderte linksventrikuläre Ejektionsfraktion aufweisen. Das Risiko ist umso höher, je stärker die Pumpfunktion eingeschränkt ist.

Triglyzeridsenker schützt nicht nur Hochrisikopatienten

10.05.2024 Hypercholesterinämie Nachrichten

Patienten mit Arteriosklerose-bedingten kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, die trotz Statineinnahme zu hohe Triglyzeridspiegel haben, profitieren von einer Behandlung mit Icosapent-Ethyl, und zwar unabhängig vom individuellen Risikoprofil.

Gibt es eine Wende bei den bioresorbierbaren Gefäßstützen?

In den USA ist erstmals eine bioresorbierbare Gefäßstütze – auch Scaffold genannt – zur Rekanalisation infrapoplitealer Arterien bei schwerer PAVK zugelassen worden. Das markiert einen Wendepunkt in der Geschichte dieser speziellen Gefäßstützen.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.