Background
Methods
Study area
Study design and sample size
Sampling technique
Data collection
Demographic and clinical data
Water samples
Data analysis
Results
Variables | Category | Frequency (%) |
---|---|---|
Age (in years) | Mean(SD) | 14.7(1.01) |
Age group | 12–14 years | 463 (45.1) |
15–17 years | 563 (54.9) | |
Gender | Male | 509 (49.6) |
Female | 517 (50.4) | |
Monthly family Income | Less than Rs. 5000 | 434 (42.3) |
Rs. 5000–10000 | 488 (47.6) | |
More than Rs. 10000 | 104 (10.2) | |
Type of school | Government | 773 (75.3) |
Aided | 253 (24.7) | |
Classes | 8th
| 363 (35.4) |
9th
| 318 (31) | |
10th
| 345 (33.6) | |
Diet | Vegetarian | 57 (5.6) |
Mixed | 969 (94.4) | |
Tea Consumption | Yes | 887 (86.5) |
No | 139 (13.5) | |
Finger millet Consumption | Yes | 986 (96.1) |
No | 40 (3.9) | |
Duration of residence | Less than 5 years | 79 (7.7) |
5–10 years | 38 (3.7) | |
More than 10 years | 58 (5.7) | |
Since birth | 851 (82.9) |
Village | Total Populationa
| Presence of fluorosis n (%) | Total students n (%) | Mean fluoride level in water (mg/l) | Community fluorosis index | Public health significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beglihosahallli | 1292 | 214 (73.0) | 293 | 2 | 2.8 | Marked |
Muduvadi | 1449 | 157 (74.1) | 212 | 1.6 | 2.12 | Marked |
Holur | 2706 | 52 (49.5) | 105 | 0.85 | 2.03 | Marked |
Sugutur | 3421 | 31 (51.7) | 60 | 1.4 | 2.3 | Marked |
Vokkaleri | 3571 | 77 (39.9) | 193 | 1.5 | 1.8 | Medium |
Kurugal | 1864 | 131 (80.4) | 163 | 1.2 | 2.59 | Marked |
Karl Pearson correlation coefficient | ||||||
6 villages | 14303 | 662 (64.5) | 1026 | 1.4 ± 0.38 | 2.3 ± 0.37 | 0.57 |
Variables | Category | Fluorosis present | Total | β estimate (95%CI) |
P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age group | 12–14 | 294(63.5%) | 463 | −0.105(−0.379, 0.170) | 0.454 |
15–17 | 367(65.2%) | 563 | 0 | ||
Year of residence | <5 years | 43(54.4%) | 79 | 0.466 (−0.703,1.63) | 0.435 |
5–10 years | 28(73.7%) | 38 | −25.3(−23.12,522.28) | <0.001 | |
Since birth | 590(64.9%) | 909 | 0 | ||
Gender | Male | 332 (65.2%) | 509 | −0.15(−0.42,0.12) | 0.274 |
Female | 329 (63.6%) | 517 | 0 | ||
Type of school | Government | 554 (71.7%) | 773 | −1.22(−1.53,-0.91) | <0.001 |
Aided | 108 (42. 7%) | 253 | 0 | ||
Ragi consumption | Yes | 634 (64.3%) | 986 | 0.241(−0.48,0.96) | 0.509 |
No | 28(70.0%) | 40 | 0 | ||
Drinking water source | Bore well water | 551 (63.7%) | 865 | 0.92(−0.32,2.16) | 0.145 |
Pipe/tape water | 79 (64.8%) | 122 | 0 | ||
Year of residence b Water sourcea
| 1b1 | −0.464(0.82, 0.501) | 0.479 | ||
1b2 | 0 | ||||
2b1 | 24.85(22.52,27.12) | <0.001 | |||
2b2 | 0 | ||||
2b3 | 0 | ||||
3b1 | 0 |