Background
Methods
Study sites and population
Measures
Independent variables
Indicator | Indicator |
---|---|
Opinion of current salary | Participation |
- Insufficient/Sufficient/Good | In the previous 12 months, participated in meetings to: - Discuss the service organization - Define methods, technologies, and techniques - Plan and verify the activities of the service - Decide projects and services to be realized |
Attended training events in the past 24 months | Perceived quality of meetings |
- Yes vs. No | Meetings give me the opportunity to: - Discuss interesting issues - Bring my contribution - Be appreciated for my contribution - Influence the decisions of the group - Adequately deal with problems - Receive emotional support |
Perceived need of training | Organizational commitment |
- Yes vs. No | The group: - Has a clear idea of the mission of the service - Feels the mission of the service as its own - Is involved in the achievement of the objectives - Critically reflects on its work - Receives support from managers in the development of its own ideas and projects |
Ergonomic problems | Impact of work on life |
- Hot or cold temperatures - Excessive or insufficient light levels - Inappropriate workspace - Poor hygiene - Shortage of personal protective equipment - Lifting, pushing or pulling heavy loads - Time pressures (work pace and intensity) - Long periods of time at computer - Risk of assaults | How work influences: - One’s caregiving role (taking care of children, parents, etc.) - One’s home duties (housekeeping, etc.) - One’s hobbies and interests (friends, sport, etc.) - One’s political, social and religious activities |
Job complexity | Impact of life on work |
- Different tasks to be carried out - Unexpected situations and problems to solve - Tasks requiring experience - Tasks with high levels of responsibility - Job rotation with colleagues - Coordination of other people’ s work | How life influences: - One’s career opportunities - One’s professional growth - One’s opportunity to accept extra duties - One’s opportunity to change job |
Trust | Perceived risks for the future |
- The manager knows well my tasks - I am free in the work and little controlled - The manager helps me when I have problems - Colleagues help me when I have problems - The manager trusts me | Perceived risk for the future of: - Losing job - Having an inadequate work competence - Being unable to maintain one’s family - Being unable to afford a substantial item - Not receiving an adequate pension |
Autonomy | |
- I can decide to have breaks during work - I can decide how to do the work - I have autonomy in solving an organizational problem - I can decide the timing of my work - I can decide the paucity and intensity of my work - I can choose the tasks to carry out - I can make weekly or monthly plans - I can decide the quality level of my work |
Dependent variables
Statistical analysis
Results
Number | Percent | |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Male | 95 | 24.1 |
Female | 299 | 75.9 |
Age | ||
18–29 years | 35 | 8.9 |
30–39 years | 105 | 26.8 |
40–49 years | 134 | 34.2 |
50–59 years | 102 | 26.0 |
> 60 years | 16 | 4.1 |
Marital status | ||
Single | 111 | 28.5 |
Married | 239 | 61.3 |
Separated, Divorced, Widowed | 40 | 10.3 |
Living Situation | ||
Alone | 75 | 19.1 |
With partner or family or other | 317 | 80.9 |
Educational level | ||
None/Primary/Lower secondary school | 17 | 4.3 |
Professional qualification/High school diploma | 154 | 39.0 |
University diploma or degree | 134 | 33.9 |
Master/PhD/Specialization | 90 | 22.8 |
Centre | ||
South Verona | 132 | 33.0 |
Legnago | 66 | 16.5 |
Lecco | 202 | 55.5 |
Profession/job role | ||
Psychiatrist/Psychiatrist in training | 79 | 19.9 |
Psychologist | 27 | 6.8 |
Nurse | 121 | 30.5 |
Educator/Social worker | 65 | 16.4 |
Rehabilitation therapist | 22 | 5.5 |
Healthcare support worker | 83 | 20.9 |
Employing Organization | ||
Local health authority/Hospital trust | 249 | 62.4 |
University | 40 | 10.0 |
Not for profit organization | 110 | 27.6 |
Type of contract | ||
Open-ended contract | 331 | 82.75 |
Fixed-term contract | 69 | 17.25 |
Years of experience in the health and care sector | ||
1–10 years | 168 | 42.0 |
11–30 years | 196 | 49.0 |
More than 30 years | 36 | 9.0 |
% of time dedicated to clinical and care work | ||
Up to 50% | 59 | 15.7 |
From 50% to 80% | 152 | 40.5 |
More than 80% | 164 | 43.7 |
Compassion fatigue (N = 400) | Burnout (N = 400) | Compassion satisfaction (N = 400) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient |
p-value | Coefficient |
p-value | Coefficient |
p-value | |
Ergonomic problems |
0.23
|
<0.001
|
0.27
|
<0.001
|
−0.12
|
0.012
|
Job complexity |
0.13
|
0.009
| 0.02 | 0.650 | 0.08 | 0.107 |
Trust | −0.08 | 0.126 |
−0.30
|
<0.001
|
0.20
|
<0.001
|
Autonomy | −0.04 | 0.449 |
−0.20
|
<0.001
|
0.20
|
<0.001
|
Participation | 0.07 | 0.156 |
−0.10
|
0.037
|
0.15
|
0.003
|
Perceived quality of meetings |
−0.13
|
0.013
|
−0.31
|
<0.001
|
0.29
|
<0.001
|
Organizational commitment | −0.02 | 0.749 |
−0.24
|
<0.001
|
0.28
|
<0.001
|
Impact of work on life |
0.24
|
<0.001
|
0.19
|
<0.001
| −0.10 | 0.052 |
Impact of life on work |
0.18
|
<0.001
| 0.09 | 0.067 | −0.02 | 0.711 |
Compassion fatigue | Burnout | Compassion satisfaction | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | Mean (SEM) | Chi-square (p-value) | Mean (SEM) | Chi-square (p-value) | Mean (SEM) | Chi-square (p-value) | |
Attended training events in the past 24 months | |||||||
Yes | 387 (97.2) | 14.4 (0.2) | 0.1 (0.753) | 22.8 (0.2) | <0.001 (0.987) | 32.7 (0.4) | 0.8 (0.370) |
No | 11 (2.8) | 14.7 (1.4) | 23.3 (2.0) | 29.4 (2.4) | |||
Perceived need of training | |||||||
Yes | 372 (93.2) | 14.4 (0.2) | 0.005 (0.942) | 22.9 (0.2) | 0.02 (0.878) | 32.9 (0.4) |
5.1 (0.024)
|
No | 27 (6.8) | 14.3 (0.8) | 23.0 (1.1) | 28.9 (1.7) | |||
Perceived risks for the future | |||||||
No risks | 36 (9.0) | 12.7 (0.4) |
6.9 (0.032)
| 20.5 (0.5) |
13.9 (0.001)
| 36.0 (0.8) |
10.0 (0.007)
|
Some risks | 182 (45.7) | 14.4 (0.3) | 22.7 (0.3) | 32.3 (0.5) | |||
Many risks | 180 (45.2) | 14.7 (0.3) | 23.5 (0.4) | 32.4 (0.6) | |||
Opinion of current salary | |||||||
Insufficient | 89 (22.1) | 13.9 (0.4) | 3.1 (0.209) | 23.8 (0.5) |
9.2 (0.010)
| 31.3 (0.8) | 5.9 (0.052) |
Sufficient | 216 (54.1) | 14.7 (0.3) | 23.1 (0.3) | 33.0 (0.5) | |||
Good | 95 (23.8) | 14.2 (0.4) | 21.6 (0.4) | 33.3 (0.6) |
Compassion fatigue (N = 362) | Burnout (N = 360) | Compassion satisfaction (N = 360) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted R2 = 0.15 | Adjusted R2 = 0.25 | Adjusted R2 = 0.18 | ||||
Coeff. | 95% CI | Coeff. | 95% CI | Coeff. | 95% CI | |
Ergonomic problems |
1.063
| (0.278, 1.848) |
1.228
| (0.438, 2.017) | 0.160 | (−1.142, 1.463) |
Job complexity | 0.501 | (−0.298, 1.300) | – | – | – | – |
Trust | −0.461 | (−1.202, 0.279) |
−1.210
| (−2.038, −0.382) | 0.454 | (−0.907, 1.816) |
Autonomy | – | – | −0.241 | (−0.955, 0.474) | 0.173 | (−1.011, 1.356) |
Participation | – | – | −0.021 | (−0.869, 0.828) | −0.010 | (−1.400, 1.380) |
Perceived quality of meetings | −0.618 | (−1.360, 0.123) | −0.726 | (−1.550, 0.098) |
1.873
| (0.529, 3.217) |
Organizational commitment | – | – | −0.295 | (−1.113, 0.523) | 1.328 | (−0.030, 2.687) |
Impact of work on life |
0.683
| (0.175, 1.191) |
0.692
| (0.194, 1.190) | −0.685 | (−1.507, 0.137) |
Impact of life on work |
0.622
| (0.141, 1.103) | – | – | – | – |
Perceived need of training (Yes vs. No) | – | – | – | – |
3.138
| (0.171, 6.106) |
Perceived risks for the future | ||||||
Some risks vs. No risks | 0.818 | (−0.629, 2.265) |
1.589
| (−0.010, 3.189) |
−3.003
| (−5.559, −0.446) |
Many risks vs. No risks | 1.261 | (−0.233, 2.755) |
2.826
| (1.112, 4.541) |
−3.170
| (−5.880, −0.460) |
Opinion of current salary | ||||||
Sufficient vs. Insufficient | – | – | −0.035 | (−1.129, 1.058) | – | – |
Good vs. Insufficient | – | – | −0.419 | (−1.836, 0.997) | – | – |