Hyperfibrinogenemia predicts poor prognosis in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer

Hyperfibrinogenemia reportedly predicts poor prognosis in several cancers but has not been reviewed for biliary tract cancer (BTC). The aim of the present study was to evaluate associations between baseline plasma fibrinogen concentrations, clinicopathological characteristics, and survival parameters in patients with BTC. Data for 127 patients with BTC diagnosed at the Zhongshan Affiliated Hospital of Dalian University (Liaoning, China) from January 2011 to December 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. Associations between baseline fibrinogen concentrations, selected clinicopathological characteristics, and the prognostic value were examined using SPSS software. Data for 37 patients (29.1 % of study cohort) who had undergone curative intent surgery and 90 (70.9 %) with advanced biliary tract cancer (ABTC) were analyzed. The mean plasma fibrinogen concentration 4.0 ± 0.9 g/L for the entire cohort. The percentages with hyperfibrinogenemia (>4 g/L) were 45.7, 37.8, and 48.9 % overall and in the surgical and ABTC groups, respectively. Hyperfibrinogenemia was associated with performance status (PS) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in the entire cohort but not with other relevant clinicopathological factors. Log-rank test indicated that baseline hyperfibrinogenemia was associated with decreased progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with unresectable ABTC (P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that poor PS and baseline hyperfibrinogenemia were independently associated with worse survival (HR: 1.39, 95 % CI: 1.02–1.90, P = 0.04; HR: 1.75.95 %, 95 % CI: 1.01–3.01, P = 0.04, respectively). Baseline hyperfibrinogenemia is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with ABTC. Baseline plasma fibrinogen concentrations may be a readily available and inexpensive prognostic biomarker in patients with ABTC; this needs further validation in large prospective clinical trials.