Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 3/2017

16.03.2017 | Preclinical study

Immunoglobulin-like domain 4-mediated ligand-independent dimerization triggers VEGFR-2 activation in HUVECs and VEGFR2-positive breast cancer cells

verfasst von: Sheng Zhang, Xiaoping Gao, Wei Fu, Shengwei Li, Limin Yue

Erschienen in: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment | Ausgabe 3/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

The extracellular region (EC) of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) contains seven immunoglobulin-like (Ig-like) domains that are required for specific ligand binding and receptor dimerization. Studies of domain 4–7 deletions and substitutions provided insights into the interaction between receptors in the absence of VEGF. In this study, we investigated the effect of domain 4 in ligand-independent VEGFR-2 dimerization and activation in human vascular endothelial cells and human breast cancer cells.

Methods

To confirm the role of domain 4 in ligand-independent receptor dimerization and activation, two VEGFR-2 fragments with and without domain 4, KFP1 and KFP2, were generated by recombinant DNA technology. We measured the affinity of KFP1 and KFP2 with VEGFR-2, and the roles of KFP1 and FKP2 in dimerization and phosphorylation of VEGFR-2. We also evaluated the effect of KFP1 and FKP2 on cell proliferation and migration in HUVECs and in human breast cancer cells.

Results

We showed that KFP1 did not affect the interaction of VEGFR-2 and VEGF but bound VEGFR-2 in the absence of VEGF. Furthermore, cross-linking and cross-linking immunoblotting demonstrated that KFP1 could form a complex with VEGFR-2, which resulted in VEGFR-2 dimerization in the absence of VEGF. Importantly, we found that the KDR fragment with domain 4 induced phosphorylation of VEGFR-2, as well as phosphorylation of downstream receptor kinases in HUVECs and VEGFR-2-positive breast cancer cells. Consistent with these results, this ligand-independent activation of VEGFR-2 also promoted downstream signaling and cell proliferation and migration.

Conclusions

The domain 4 of VEGFR-2 plays an important role in the interaction between VEGFR receptors in the absence of VEGF.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Hicklin DJ, Ellis LM (2005) Role of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway in tumor growth and angiogenesis. J Clin Oncol 23(5):1011–1027CrossRefPubMed Hicklin DJ, Ellis LM (2005) Role of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway in tumor growth and angiogenesis. J Clin Oncol 23(5):1011–1027CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Guo S, Colbert LS, Fuller M, Zhang Y, Gonzalez-Perez RR (2010) Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 in breast cancer. Biochim Biophy Acta 1806(1):108–121 Guo S, Colbert LS, Fuller M, Zhang Y, Gonzalez-Perez RR (2010) Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 in breast cancer. Biochim Biophy Acta 1806(1):108–121
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Bachelder RE, Wendt MA, Mercurio AM (2002) Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes breast carcinoma invasion in an autocrine manner by regulating the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Cancer Res 62(24):7203–7206PubMed Bachelder RE, Wendt MA, Mercurio AM (2002) Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes breast carcinoma invasion in an autocrine manner by regulating the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Cancer Res 62(24):7203–7206PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakopoulou L, Stefanaki K, Panayotopoulou E, Giannopoulou I, Athanassiadou P, Gakiopoulou-Givalou H, Louvrou A (2002) Expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2/Flk-1 in breast carcinomas: correlation with proliferation. Hum Pathol 33:863–870CrossRefPubMed Nakopoulou L, Stefanaki K, Panayotopoulou E, Giannopoulou I, Athanassiadou P, Gakiopoulou-Givalou H, Louvrou A (2002) Expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2/Flk-1 in breast carcinomas: correlation with proliferation. Hum Pathol 33:863–870CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Bachelder RE, Crago A, Chung J, Wendt MA, Shaw LM, Robinson G, Mercurio AM (2001) Vascular endothelial growth factor is an autocrine survival factor for Neuropilin-expressing breast carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 61(15):5736–5740PubMed Bachelder RE, Crago A, Chung J, Wendt MA, Shaw LM, Robinson G, Mercurio AM (2001) Vascular endothelial growth factor is an autocrine survival factor for Neuropilin-expressing breast carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 61(15):5736–5740PubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Ryden L, Linderholm B, Nielsen NH, Emdin S, Jonsson PE, Landberg G (2003) Tumor specific VEGF-A and VEGFR2/KDR protein are co-expressed in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 82(3):147–154CrossRefPubMed Ryden L, Linderholm B, Nielsen NH, Emdin S, Jonsson PE, Landberg G (2003) Tumor specific VEGF-A and VEGFR2/KDR protein are co-expressed in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 82(3):147–154CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Koukourakis MI, Limberis V, Tentes I, Kontomanolis E, Kortsaris A, Sivridis E, Giatromanolaki A (2011) Serum VEGF levels and tissue activation of VEGFR2/KDR receptors in patients with breast and gynecologic cancer. Cytokine 53(3):370–375CrossRefPubMed Koukourakis MI, Limberis V, Tentes I, Kontomanolis E, Kortsaris A, Sivridis E, Giatromanolaki A (2011) Serum VEGF levels and tissue activation of VEGFR2/KDR receptors in patients with breast and gynecologic cancer. Cytokine 53(3):370–375CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Ryden L, Jirstrom K, Halund M, Stal O, Ferno M (2010) Epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 are specific biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer. Results from a controlled randomized trial with long-term follow-up. Breast Cancer Res Treat 120(2):491–498CrossRefPubMed Ryden L, Jirstrom K, Halund M, Stal O, Ferno M (2010) Epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 are specific biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer. Results from a controlled randomized trial with long-term follow-up. Breast Cancer Res Treat 120(2):491–498CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Yarden Y, Escobedo JA, Kuang WJ, Yang-Feng TL, Daniel TO, Tremble PM, Chen EY, Ando ME, Harkins RN, Francke U (1986) Structure of the receptor for platelet-derived growth factor helps define a family of closely related growth factor receptors. Nature 323(6085):226–232CrossRefPubMed Yarden Y, Escobedo JA, Kuang WJ, Yang-Feng TL, Daniel TO, Tremble PM, Chen EY, Ando ME, Harkins RN, Francke U (1986) Structure of the receptor for platelet-derived growth factor helps define a family of closely related growth factor receptors. Nature 323(6085):226–232CrossRefPubMed
10.
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Claesson-Welsh L, Heldin CH (1989) Platelet-derived growth factor. Three isodorms that bind to two distinct cell surface receptors. Acta Oncol 28(3):331–334CrossRefPubMed Claesson-Welsh L, Heldin CH (1989) Platelet-derived growth factor. Three isodorms that bind to two distinct cell surface receptors. Acta Oncol 28(3):331–334CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Shinkai A, Ito M, Anazawa H, Yamaguchi S, Shitara K, Shibuya M (1998) Mapping of the site involved in ligand association and dissociation at the extracellular domain of the kinase insert domain-containing receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor. J Biol Chem 273(47):31283–31288CrossRefPubMed Shinkai A, Ito M, Anazawa H, Yamaguchi S, Shitara K, Shibuya M (1998) Mapping of the site involved in ligand association and dissociation at the extracellular domain of the kinase insert domain-containing receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor. J Biol Chem 273(47):31283–31288CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Fuh G, Li B, Crowley C, Cunningham B, Wells JA (1998) Requirements for binding and signaling of the kinase domain receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor. J Biol Chem 273(18):11197–11204CrossRefPubMed Fuh G, Li B, Crowley C, Cunningham B, Wells JA (1998) Requirements for binding and signaling of the kinase domain receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor. J Biol Chem 273(18):11197–11204CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Leppanen VM, Prota AE, Jeltsch M, Anisimov A, Kalkkinen N, Strandin T, Lankinen H, Goldman A, Ballmer-Hofer K, Alitalo K (2010) Structural determinants of growth factor binding and specificity by VEGF receptor 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(6):2425–2430CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Leppanen VM, Prota AE, Jeltsch M, Anisimov A, Kalkkinen N, Strandin T, Lankinen H, Goldman A, Ballmer-Hofer K, Alitalo K (2010) Structural determinants of growth factor binding and specificity by VEGF receptor 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(6):2425–2430CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Dosch DD, Ballmer-Hofer K (2010) Transmembrane domain-mediated orientation of receptor monomers in active VEGFR-2 dimers. FASEB J 24(1):32–38CrossRefPubMed Dosch DD, Ballmer-Hofer K (2010) Transmembrane domain-mediated orientation of receptor monomers in active VEGFR-2 dimers. FASEB J 24(1):32–38CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang Y, Xie P, Opatowsky Y, Schlessinger J (2010) Direct contacts between extracellular membrane-proximal domains are required for VEGF receptor activation and cell signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(5):1906–1911CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Yang Y, Xie P, Opatowsky Y, Schlessinger J (2010) Direct contacts between extracellular membrane-proximal domains are required for VEGF receptor activation and cell signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(5):1906–1911CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Kisko K, Brozzo MS, Missimer J, Schleier T, Menzel A, Leppanen VM, Alitalo K, Walzthoeni T, Aebersold R, Ballmer-Hofer K (2011) Structural analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2/ligand complexes by small-angle X-ray solution scattering. FASEB J 25(9):2980–2986CrossRefPubMed Kisko K, Brozzo MS, Missimer J, Schleier T, Menzel A, Leppanen VM, Alitalo K, Walzthoeni T, Aebersold R, Ballmer-Hofer K (2011) Structural analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2/ligand complexes by small-angle X-ray solution scattering. FASEB J 25(9):2980–2986CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Yuzawa S, Opatowsky Y, Zhang Z, Mandiyan V, Lax I, Schlessinger J (2007) Structural basis for activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase KIT by stem cell factor. Cell 130(2):323–334CrossRefPubMed Yuzawa S, Opatowsky Y, Zhang Z, Mandiyan V, Lax I, Schlessinger J (2007) Structural basis for activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase KIT by stem cell factor. Cell 130(2):323–334CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Herren B, Rooney B, Weyer KA, Iberg N, Schmid G, Pech M (1993) Dimerization of extracellular domains of platelet-derived growth factor receptors. A revised model of receptor-ligand interaction. J Biol Chem 268(20):15088–15095PubMed Herren B, Rooney B, Weyer KA, Iberg N, Schmid G, Pech M (1993) Dimerization of extracellular domains of platelet-derived growth factor receptors. A revised model of receptor-ligand interaction. J Biol Chem 268(20):15088–15095PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Naithani S, Chookajorn T, Ripoll DR, Nasrallah JB (2007) Structural modules for receptor dimerization in the S-locus receptor kinase extracellular domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(29):12211–12217CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Naithani S, Chookajorn T, Ripoll DR, Nasrallah JB (2007) Structural modules for receptor dimerization in the S-locus receptor kinase extracellular domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(29):12211–12217CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Schlessinger J (2002) Ligand-induced, receptor-mediated dimerization and activation of EGF receptor. Cell 110(6):669–672CrossRefPubMed Schlessinger J (2002) Ligand-induced, receptor-mediated dimerization and activation of EGF receptor. Cell 110(6):669–672CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Heldin CH (1995) Dimerization of cell surface receptors in signal transduction. Cell 80(2):213–223CrossRefPubMed Heldin CH (1995) Dimerization of cell surface receptors in signal transduction. Cell 80(2):213–223CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Omura T, Miyazawa K, Ostman A, Heidin CH (1997) Identification of a 190-kDa vascular endothelial growth factor 165 cell surface binding protein on a human glioma cell line. J Biol Chem 272(37):23317–23322CrossRefPubMed Omura T, Miyazawa K, Ostman A, Heidin CH (1997) Identification of a 190-kDa vascular endothelial growth factor 165 cell surface binding protein on a human glioma cell line. J Biol Chem 272(37):23317–23322CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Omura T, Heldin CH, Ostman A (1997) Immunoglobulin-like domain 4 receptor-receptor interactions contribute to platelet-derived growth factor-induced receptor dimerization. J Biol Chem 272(9):12676–12682CrossRefPubMed Omura T, Heldin CH, Ostman A (1997) Immunoglobulin-like domain 4 receptor-receptor interactions contribute to platelet-derived growth factor-induced receptor dimerization. J Biol Chem 272(9):12676–12682CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Blechman JM, Lev S, Barg J, Eisenstein M, Vaks B, Vogel Z, Givol D, Yarden Y (1995) The fourth immunoglobulin domain of the stem cell factor receptor couples ligand binding to signal transduction. Cell 80(1):103–113CrossRefPubMed Blechman JM, Lev S, Barg J, Eisenstein M, Vaks B, Vogel Z, Givol D, Yarden Y (1995) The fourth immunoglobulin domain of the stem cell factor receptor couples ligand binding to signal transduction. Cell 80(1):103–113CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Tao Q, Backer MV, Backer JM, Terman BI (2001) Kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains 4–7 contain structural features that block receptor dimerization and vascular endothelial growth factor-induced signaling. J Biol Chem 276(24):21916–21923CrossRefPubMed Tao Q, Backer MV, Backer JM, Terman BI (2001) Kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains 4–7 contain structural features that block receptor dimerization and vascular endothelial growth factor-induced signaling. J Biol Chem 276(24):21916–21923CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat King C, Stoneman M, Raicu V, Hristova K (2016) Fully quantified spectral imaging reveals in vivo membrane protein interactions. Integr Biol (Camb) 8(2):216–229CrossRef King C, Stoneman M, Raicu V, Hristova K (2016) Fully quantified spectral imaging reveals in vivo membrane protein interactions. Integr Biol (Camb) 8(2):216–229CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Hyde CA, Giese A, Stuttfeld E, Abram Saliba J, Villemagne D, Schleier T, Bina HK, Ballmer-Hofer K (2012) Targeting extracellular domain D4 and D7 of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 reveals allosteric receptor sites. Mol Cell Biol 32(19):3802–3813CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hyde CA, Giese A, Stuttfeld E, Abram Saliba J, Villemagne D, Schleier T, Bina HK, Ballmer-Hofer K (2012) Targeting extracellular domain D4 and D7 of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 reveals allosteric receptor sites. Mol Cell Biol 32(19):3802–3813CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruch C, Skiniotis G, Steinmetz MO, Walz T, Ballmer-Hofer K (2007) Structure of a VEGF-VEGF receptor complex determined by electron microscopy. Nat Struct Mol Biol 14(3):249–250CrossRefPubMed Ruch C, Skiniotis G, Steinmetz MO, Walz T, Ballmer-Hofer K (2007) Structure of a VEGF-VEGF receptor complex determined by electron microscopy. Nat Struct Mol Biol 14(3):249–250CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Giatromanolaki A, Koukourakis MI, Sivridis E, Chlouverakis G, Vourvouhaki E, Turley H, Harris AL, Gatter KC (2007) Activated VEGFR2/KDR pathway in tumour cells and tumour associated vessels of colorectal cancer. Eur J Clin Invest 37(11):878–886CrossRefPubMed Giatromanolaki A, Koukourakis MI, Sivridis E, Chlouverakis G, Vourvouhaki E, Turley H, Harris AL, Gatter KC (2007) Activated VEGFR2/KDR pathway in tumour cells and tumour associated vessels of colorectal cancer. Eur J Clin Invest 37(11):878–886CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Straume O, Akslen LA (2003) Increased expression of VEGF-receptors (FLT-1, KDR, NRP-1) and thrombospondin-1 is associated with glomeruloid microvascular proliferation, an aggressive angiogenic phenotype, in malignant melanoma. Angiogenesis 6(4):295–301CrossRefPubMed Straume O, Akslen LA (2003) Increased expression of VEGF-receptors (FLT-1, KDR, NRP-1) and thrombospondin-1 is associated with glomeruloid microvascular proliferation, an aggressive angiogenic phenotype, in malignant melanoma. Angiogenesis 6(4):295–301CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Takahashi Y, Kitadai Y, Bucana CD, Cleary KR, Ellis LM (1995) Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, KDR, correlates with vascularity, metastasis, and proliferation of human colon cancer. Cancer Res 55(18):3964–3968PubMed Takahashi Y, Kitadai Y, Bucana CD, Cleary KR, Ellis LM (1995) Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, KDR, correlates with vascularity, metastasis, and proliferation of human colon cancer. Cancer Res 55(18):3964–3968PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Cooper ME, Vranes D, Youssef S, Stacker SA, Cox AJ, Rizkalla B, Casley DJ, Bach LA, Kelly DJ, Gilbert RE (1999) Increased renal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor VEGFR-2 in experimental diabetes. Diabetes 48(11):2229–2239CrossRefPubMed Cooper ME, Vranes D, Youssef S, Stacker SA, Cox AJ, Rizkalla B, Casley DJ, Bach LA, Kelly DJ, Gilbert RE (1999) Increased renal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor VEGFR-2 in experimental diabetes. Diabetes 48(11):2229–2239CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Urschel K, Garlichs CD, Daniel WG, Cicha I (2011) VEGFR2 signalling contributes to increased endothelial susceptibility to TNF-α under chronic non-uniform shear stress. Atherosclerosis 219(2):499–509CrossRefPubMed Urschel K, Garlichs CD, Daniel WG, Cicha I (2011) VEGFR2 signalling contributes to increased endothelial susceptibility to TNF-α under chronic non-uniform shear stress. Atherosclerosis 219(2):499–509CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Svensson S, Jirstrom K, Ryden L, Roos G, Emdin S, Ostrowski MC, Landberg G (2005) ERK phosphorylation is linked to VEGFR2 expression and Ets-2 phosphorylation in breast cancer and is associated with tamoxifen treatment resistance and small tumours with good prognosis. Oncogene 24(27):4370–4379CrossRefPubMed Svensson S, Jirstrom K, Ryden L, Roos G, Emdin S, Ostrowski MC, Landberg G (2005) ERK phosphorylation is linked to VEGFR2 expression and Ets-2 phosphorylation in breast cancer and is associated with tamoxifen treatment resistance and small tumours with good prognosis. Oncogene 24(27):4370–4379CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang Z, Gluck S, Zhang L, Moran MF (1998) Requirement for phospholipase C-gamma1 enzymatic activity in growth factor-induced mitogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 18(1):590–597CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Wang Z, Gluck S, Zhang L, Moran MF (1998) Requirement for phospholipase C-gamma1 enzymatic activity in growth factor-induced mitogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 18(1):590–597CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Higgins KJ, Abdelrahim M, Liu S, Yoon K, Safe S (2006) Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 expression in pancreatic cancer cells by Sp proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 345(1):292–301CrossRefPubMed Higgins KJ, Abdelrahim M, Liu S, Yoon K, Safe S (2006) Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 expression in pancreatic cancer cells by Sp proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 345(1):292–301CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Guo S, Colbert LS, Fuller M, Zhang Y, Gonzalez-Perez RR (2010) Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 in breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta 1806(1):108–121PubMedPubMedCentral Guo S, Colbert LS, Fuller M, Zhang Y, Gonzalez-Perez RR (2010) Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 in breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta 1806(1):108–121PubMedPubMedCentral
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Weigand M, Hantel P, Kreienberg R, Waltenberger J (2005) Autocrine vascular endothelial growth factor signalling in breast cancer. Evidence from cell lines and primary breast cancer cultures in vitro. Angiogenesis 8(3):197–204CrossRefPubMed Weigand M, Hantel P, Kreienberg R, Waltenberger J (2005) Autocrine vascular endothelial growth factor signalling in breast cancer. Evidence from cell lines and primary breast cancer cultures in vitro. Angiogenesis 8(3):197–204CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Gonzalez RR, Cherfils S, Escobar M, Yoo JH, Carino C, Styer AK, Sullivan BT, Sakamoto H, Olawaiye A, Serikawa T, Lynch MP, Rueda BR (2006) Leptin signaling promotes the growth of mammary tumors and increases the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor type two (VEGF-R2). J Biol Chem 281(36):26320–26328CrossRefPubMed Gonzalez RR, Cherfils S, Escobar M, Yoo JH, Carino C, Styer AK, Sullivan BT, Sakamoto H, Olawaiye A, Serikawa T, Lynch MP, Rueda BR (2006) Leptin signaling promotes the growth of mammary tumors and increases the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor type two (VEGF-R2). J Biol Chem 281(36):26320–26328CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Spannuth WA, Nick AM, Jennings NB, Armaiz-Pena GN, Mangala LS, Danes CG, Lin YG, Merritt WM, Thaker PH, Kamat AA, Han LY, Tonra JR, Coleman RL, Ellis LM, Stood AK (2009) Functional significance of VEGR-2 on ovarian cancer cells. Int J Cancer 124(5):1045–1053CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Spannuth WA, Nick AM, Jennings NB, Armaiz-Pena GN, Mangala LS, Danes CG, Lin YG, Merritt WM, Thaker PH, Kamat AA, Han LY, Tonra JR, Coleman RL, Ellis LM, Stood AK (2009) Functional significance of VEGR-2 on ovarian cancer cells. Int J Cancer 124(5):1045–1053CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Sato H, Takeda Y (2009) VEGFR2 expression and relationship between tumor neovascularization and histologic characteristics in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Sci 51(4):551–557CrossRefPubMed Sato H, Takeda Y (2009) VEGFR2 expression and relationship between tumor neovascularization and histologic characteristics in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Sci 51(4):551–557CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Gockel I, Moehler M, Frerichs K, Drescher D, Trinh TT, Duenschede F, Borschitz T, Schimanski K, Biesterfeld S, Herzer K, Galle PR, Lang H, Junginger T, Schimanski CC (2008) Co-expression of receptor tyrosine kinases in esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell cancer. Oncol Rep 20(4):845–850PubMed Gockel I, Moehler M, Frerichs K, Drescher D, Trinh TT, Duenschede F, Borschitz T, Schimanski K, Biesterfeld S, Herzer K, Galle PR, Lang H, Junginger T, Schimanski CC (2008) Co-expression of receptor tyrosine kinases in esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell cancer. Oncol Rep 20(4):845–850PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Badalian G, Derecskei K, Szendroi A, Szendroi M, Timar J (2007) EGFR and VEGFR2 protein expressions in bone metastases of clear cell renal cancer. Anticancer Res 27(2):889–894PubMed Badalian G, Derecskei K, Szendroi A, Szendroi M, Timar J (2007) EGFR and VEGFR2 protein expressions in bone metastases of clear cell renal cancer. Anticancer Res 27(2):889–894PubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Ryden L, Linderholm B, Nielsen NH, Emdin S, Jonsson PE, Landberg G (2003) Tumor specific VEGF-A and VEGFR2/KDR protein are co-expression in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 82(3):147–154CrossRefPubMed Ryden L, Linderholm B, Nielsen NH, Emdin S, Jonsson PE, Landberg G (2003) Tumor specific VEGF-A and VEGFR2/KDR protein are co-expression in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 82(3):147–154CrossRefPubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Ghosh S, Sullivan CA, Zerkowski MP, Molinaro AM, Rimm DL, Camp RL, Chung GG (2008) High levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, neuropilin-1) are associated with worse outcome in breast cancer. Hum Pathol 39(12):1835–1843CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ghosh S, Sullivan CA, Zerkowski MP, Molinaro AM, Rimm DL, Camp RL, Chung GG (2008) High levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, neuropilin-1) are associated with worse outcome in breast cancer. Hum Pathol 39(12):1835–1843CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Fertig EJ, Lee E, Pandey NB, Popel AS (2015) Analysis of gene expression of secreted factors associated with breast cancer metastases in breast cancer subtypes. Sci Rep 15(5):12133. doi:10.1038/srep12133 CrossRef Fertig EJ, Lee E, Pandey NB, Popel AS (2015) Analysis of gene expression of secreted factors associated with breast cancer metastases in breast cancer subtypes. Sci Rep 15(5):12133. doi:10.​1038/​srep12133 CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang M, Zhang J, Yan M, Li H, Yang C, Yu D (2008) Recombinant anti-vascular endothelial growth factor fusion protein efficiently suppresses choroidal neovascularization in monkeys. Mol Vis 14:37–49PubMedPubMedCentral Zhang M, Zhang J, Yan M, Li H, Yang C, Yu D (2008) Recombinant anti-vascular endothelial growth factor fusion protein efficiently suppresses choroidal neovascularization in monkeys. Mol Vis 14:37–49PubMedPubMedCentral
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang M, Yu D, Yang C, Xia Q, Li W, Liu B, Li H (2009) The pharmacology study of a new recombinant human VEGF receptor-fc fusion protein on experimental choroidal neovascularization. Pharm Res 26(1):204–210CrossRefPubMed Zhang M, Yu D, Yang C, Xia Q, Li W, Liu B, Li H (2009) The pharmacology study of a new recombinant human VEGF receptor-fc fusion protein on experimental choroidal neovascularization. Pharm Res 26(1):204–210CrossRefPubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Nguyen TT, Guymer R (2015) Conbercept (KH-902) for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 8(5):541–548CrossRefPubMed Nguyen TT, Guymer R (2015) Conbercept (KH-902) for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 8(5):541–548CrossRefPubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang J, Li X, Li M, Li S, Xiao W, Chen X, Cai M, Wu Q, Luo D, Tang S, Luo Y (2012) Effects of intravitreal injection of KH902, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor decoy, on the retinas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes Obes Metab 14(7):644–653CrossRefPubMed Huang J, Li X, Li M, Li S, Xiao W, Chen X, Cai M, Wu Q, Luo D, Tang S, Luo Y (2012) Effects of intravitreal injection of KH902, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor decoy, on the retinas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes Obes Metab 14(7):644–653CrossRefPubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Su L, Ren X, Wei H, Zhao L, Zhang X, Liu J, Su C, Tan L, Li X (2016) Intravitreal Conbercept (KH902) for surgical treatment of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Rentina 36(5):938–943 Su L, Ren X, Wei H, Zhao L, Zhang X, Liu J, Su C, Tan L, Li X (2016) Intravitreal Conbercept (KH902) for surgical treatment of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Rentina 36(5):938–943
Metadaten
Titel
Immunoglobulin-like domain 4-mediated ligand-independent dimerization triggers VEGFR-2 activation in HUVECs and VEGFR2-positive breast cancer cells
verfasst von
Sheng Zhang
Xiaoping Gao
Wei Fu
Shengwei Li
Limin Yue
Publikationsdatum
16.03.2017
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment / Ausgabe 3/2017
Print ISSN: 0167-6806
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7217
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-017-4189-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2017

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 3/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Umsetzung der POMGAT-Leitlinie läuft

03.05.2024 DCK 2024 Kongressbericht

Seit November 2023 gibt es evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen zum perioperativen Management bei gastrointestinalen Tumoren (POMGAT) auf S3-Niveau. Vieles wird schon entsprechend der Empfehlungen durchgeführt. Wo es im Alltag noch hapert, zeigt eine Umfrage in einem Klinikverbund.

CUP-Syndrom: Künstliche Intelligenz kann Primärtumor finden

30.04.2024 Künstliche Intelligenz Nachrichten

Krebserkrankungen unbekannten Ursprungs (CUP) sind eine diagnostische Herausforderung. KI-Systeme können Pathologen dabei unterstützen, zytologische Bilder zu interpretieren, um den Primärtumor zu lokalisieren.

Sind Frauen die fähigeren Ärzte?

30.04.2024 Gendermedizin Nachrichten

Patienten, die von Ärztinnen behandelt werden, dürfen offenbar auf bessere Therapieergebnisse hoffen als Patienten von Ärzten. Besonders gilt das offenbar für weibliche Kranke, wie eine Studie zeigt.

Adjuvante Immuntherapie verlängert Leben bei RCC

25.04.2024 Nierenkarzinom Nachrichten

Nun gibt es auch Resultate zum Gesamtüberleben: Eine adjuvante Pembrolizumab-Therapie konnte in einer Phase-3-Studie das Leben von Menschen mit Nierenzellkarzinom deutlich verlängern. Die Sterberate war im Vergleich zu Placebo um 38% geringer.

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.