Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Clinical Immunology 8/2014

01.11.2014 | Original Research

Increase in the Expression of CD4 + CD25+ Lymphocytic T Cells in the Indeterminate Clinical Form of Human Chagas Disease After Stimulation With Recombinant Antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi

verfasst von: Suellen Carvalho de Moura Braz, Adriene Siqueira de Melo, Maria da Glória Aureliano de Melo Cavalcanti, Sílvia Marinho Martins, Wilson de Oliveira Jr, Edimilson Domingos da Silva, Antonio Gomes Pinto Ferreira, Virginia Maria Barros de Lorena, Yara de Miranda Gomes

Erschienen in: Journal of Clinical Immunology | Ausgabe 8/2014

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

Regulatory T cells are involved in the clinical course of chronic Chagas disease, possibly because they exercise a control in the patient’s inflammatory response to Trypanosoma cruzi. This study analyzed the levels of CD4 + CD25+ T cells in chronic Chagas disease patients after in vitro stimulation of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells with CRA (Cytoplasmic Repetitive Antigen) or FRA (Flagellar Repetitive Antigen) T. cruzi antigens.

Methods

Groups of patients with the cardiac form and indeterminate form; and non-infected individuals, were selected. The CD4 + CD25+ T lymphocyte population, as well as the FoxP3 expression and the IL10 production, were evaluated by flow cytometry after stimulation with CRA or FRA.

Result

The IND group presented higher levels of CD4 + CD25+ T cells than the CARD group. However, there was no evidence of a relationship between FoxP3 and IL10 with any of the chronic forms.

Conclusions

Our results suggest the possible involvement of CD4 + CD25+ T cells specific to CRA and FRA in controlling the progression of clinical outcomes. Though, further studies are needed to define which mechanisms activate regulatory T cells and lead to pathology control in chronic human Chagas disease.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Rassi Júnior A, Rassi A, Marin-Neto JA. Chagas disease. Lancet. 2010;375:1388–402.CrossRef Rassi Júnior A, Rassi A, Marin-Neto JA. Chagas disease. Lancet. 2010;375:1388–402.CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Albareda MC, Laucella SA, Alvarez MG, Armenti AH, Bertochi G, Tarleton RL, et al. Trypanosoma cruzi modulates the profile of memory CD8 T cells in chronic Chagas’ disease patients. Int Immunol. 2006;18:465–71.PubMedCrossRef Albareda MC, Laucella SA, Alvarez MG, Armenti AH, Bertochi G, Tarleton RL, et al. Trypanosoma cruzi modulates the profile of memory CD8 T cells in chronic Chagas’ disease patients. Int Immunol. 2006;18:465–71.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Albareda MC, Olivera GC, Laucella AS, et al. Chronic human infection with Trypanosoma cruzi drives CD4+ T cells to immune senescence. J Immunol. 2009;183:4103–8.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Albareda MC, Olivera GC, Laucella AS, et al. Chronic human infection with Trypanosoma cruzi drives CD4+ T cells to immune senescence. J Immunol. 2009;183:4103–8.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Bahia-Oliveira LMG, Gomes JAS, Rocha MOC, et al. IFN-γ in human Chagas’ disease: protection or pathology? Braz J Med Biol Res. 1998;31:127–31.PubMedCrossRef Bahia-Oliveira LMG, Gomes JAS, Rocha MOC, et al. IFN-γ in human Chagas’ disease: protection or pathology? Braz J Med Biol Res. 1998;31:127–31.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Barros-Mazon S, Guariento ME, Silva CA, Coffman RL, Abrahamsohn IA. Differential regulation of lymphoproliferative responses to Trypanosoma cruzi antigen in patients with the cardiac or indeterminate form of Chagas disease. Clin Immunol. 2004;111:137–45.PubMedCrossRef Barros-Mazon S, Guariento ME, Silva CA, Coffman RL, Abrahamsohn IA. Differential regulation of lymphoproliferative responses to Trypanosoma cruzi antigen in patients with the cardiac or indeterminate form of Chagas disease. Clin Immunol. 2004;111:137–45.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Cardoso GM, Morato MJ, Gomes JA, et al. Comparative analysis of cell phenotypes in different severe clinical forms of Chagas’ disease. Front Biosci. 2006;11:1158–63.PubMedCrossRef Cardoso GM, Morato MJ, Gomes JA, et al. Comparative analysis of cell phenotypes in different severe clinical forms of Chagas’ disease. Front Biosci. 2006;11:1158–63.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Gomes JAS, Bahia-Oliveira LMG, Rocha MOC, Martins-Filho OA, Gazzinelli G, Correa-Oliveira R. Evidence that development of severe cardiomyophathy in human Chagas’ disease is due to a Th1-specific immune response. Infect Immun. 2003;71:1185–93.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Gomes JAS, Bahia-Oliveira LMG, Rocha MOC, Martins-Filho OA, Gazzinelli G, Correa-Oliveira R. Evidence that development of severe cardiomyophathy in human Chagas’ disease is due to a Th1-specific immune response. Infect Immun. 2003;71:1185–93.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Lorena VMB, Lorena IMB, Braz SCM, et al. Cytokine levels in serious cardiopathy of Chagas disease after in vitro stimulation with recombinant antigens from Trypanosoma cruzi. Scand J Immunol. 2010;72:529–39.PubMedCrossRef Lorena VMB, Lorena IMB, Braz SCM, et al. Cytokine levels in serious cardiopathy of Chagas disease after in vitro stimulation with recombinant antigens from Trypanosoma cruzi. Scand J Immunol. 2010;72:529–39.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Menezes CAS, Rocha MOC, Souza PEA, Chaves ACL, Gollob KJ, Dutra WO. Phenotypic and functional characteristics of CD28+ and CD28- cells from chagasic patients: distinct repertoire and cytokine expression. Clin Exp Immunol. 2004;137:129–38.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Menezes CAS, Rocha MOC, Souza PEA, Chaves ACL, Gollob KJ, Dutra WO. Phenotypic and functional characteristics of CD28+ and CD28- cells from chagasic patients: distinct repertoire and cytokine expression. Clin Exp Immunol. 2004;137:129–38.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Silveira ABM, Araújo FF, Freitas MAR, et al. Characterization of the presence and distribution of Foxp3+ cells in chagasic patients with and without megacolon. Hum Immunol. 2009;70:65–7.PubMedCrossRef Silveira ABM, Araújo FF, Freitas MAR, et al. Characterization of the presence and distribution of Foxp3+ cells in chagasic patients with and without megacolon. Hum Immunol. 2009;70:65–7.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Vitelli-Avelar DM, Sathler-Avelar R, Dias JCP, et al. Chagasic patients with indeterminate clinical form of the disease have high frequencies of circulating CD3+CD16−CD56+ natural killer T cells and CD4+CD25High regulatory T lymphocytes. Scand J Immunol. 2005;62:297–308.PubMedCrossRef Vitelli-Avelar DM, Sathler-Avelar R, Dias JCP, et al. Chagasic patients with indeterminate clinical form of the disease have high frequencies of circulating CD3+CD16CD56+ natural killer T cells and CD4+CD25High regulatory T lymphocytes. Scand J Immunol. 2005;62:297–308.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Vitelli-Avelar DM, Sathler-Avelar R, Massara RL, et al. Are increased frequency of macrophage-like and natural killer (NK) cells, together with high levels of NKT and CD4 + CD25high T cells balancing activated CD8+ T cells, the key to control Chagas’ disease morbidity? Clin Exp Immunol. 2006;145:81–92.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Vitelli-Avelar DM, Sathler-Avelar R, Massara RL, et al. Are increased frequency of macrophage-like and natural killer (NK) cells, together with high levels of NKT and CD4 + CD25high T cells balancing activated CD8+ T cells, the key to control Chagas’ disease morbidity? Clin Exp Immunol. 2006;145:81–92.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Vitelli-Avelar DM, Sathler-Avelar R, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Dias JCP, Gontijo ED, Faria AM, et al. Strategy to asses the overall cytokine profile of circulating leukocytes and its association with distinct clinical forms of human Chagas disease. Scand J Immunol. 2008;68:516–25.PubMedCrossRef Vitelli-Avelar DM, Sathler-Avelar R, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Dias JCP, Gontijo ED, Faria AM, et al. Strategy to asses the overall cytokine profile of circulating leukocytes and its association with distinct clinical forms of human Chagas disease. Scand J Immunol. 2008;68:516–25.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Belkaid Y, Rouse BT. Natural regulatory T cells in infectious disease. Nat Immunol. 2005;6:353–60.PubMedCrossRef Belkaid Y, Rouse BT. Natural regulatory T cells in infectious disease. Nat Immunol. 2005;6:353–60.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Cederbom L, Hall H, Ivars F. CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T cells down-regulate co-stimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells. Eur J Immunol. 2000;6:1538–43.CrossRef Cederbom L, Hall H, Ivars F. CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T cells down-regulate co-stimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells. Eur J Immunol. 2000;6:1538–43.CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi N, Asano M, Itoh M, Toda M. Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor α-chains (CD25). J Immunol. 1995;155:1151–64.PubMed Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi N, Asano M, Itoh M, Toda M. Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor α-chains (CD25). J Immunol. 1995;155:1151–64.PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Sakaguchi S, Yamaguchi T, Nomura T, Ono M. Regulatory T cells and immune tolerance. Cell. 2008;133:775–87.PubMedCrossRef Sakaguchi S, Yamaguchi T, Nomura T, Ono M. Regulatory T cells and immune tolerance. Cell. 2008;133:775–87.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Belkaid Y, Sun CM, Bouladoux N. Parasites and immunoregulatory T cells. Curr Opin Immunol. 2006;18:406–12.PubMedCrossRef Belkaid Y, Sun CM, Bouladoux N. Parasites and immunoregulatory T cells. Curr Opin Immunol. 2006;18:406–12.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Gutierrez FRS, Guedes PMM, Gazzinelli RT, Silva JS. The role of parasite persistence in pathogenesis of Chagas heart disease. Parasite Immunol. 2009;31:673–85.PubMedCrossRef Gutierrez FRS, Guedes PMM, Gazzinelli RT, Silva JS. The role of parasite persistence in pathogenesis of Chagas heart disease. Parasite Immunol. 2009;31:673–85.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Miyara M, Sakaguchi S. Natural regulatoryT cells: mechanisms of suppression. Trends Mol Med. 2007;13:108–16.PubMedCrossRef Miyara M, Sakaguchi S. Natural regulatoryT cells: mechanisms of suppression. Trends Mol Med. 2007;13:108–16.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Fontenot JD, Gavin MA, Rudensky AY. Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells. Nat Immunol. 2003;4:330–6.PubMedCrossRef Fontenot JD, Gavin MA, Rudensky AY. Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells. Nat Immunol. 2003;4:330–6.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Zirgler SF. FOXP3: of mice and men. Annu Rev Immunol. 2006;24:209–26.CrossRef Zirgler SF. FOXP3: of mice and men. Annu Rev Immunol. 2006;24:209–26.CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Araújo FF, Gomes JA, Rocha MO, Williams-Blangero S, Pinheiro VM, Morato MJ, et al. Potencial role of CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells in morbidity in Chagas disease. Front Biosci. 2007;12:2797–806.PubMedCrossRef Araújo FF, Gomes JA, Rocha MO, Williams-Blangero S, Pinheiro VM, Morato MJ, et al. Potencial role of CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells in morbidity in Chagas disease. Front Biosci. 2007;12:2797–806.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Araújo FF, Vitelli-Avelar DM, Teixeira-Carvalho A, et al. Regulatory T cells phenotype in different clinical forms of Chagas’ disease. PLoS Negl Trop. 2011;5:e992.CrossRef Araújo FF, Vitelli-Avelar DM, Teixeira-Carvalho A, et al. Regulatory T cells phenotype in different clinical forms of Chagas’ disease. PLoS Negl Trop. 2011;5:e992.CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Araújo FF, Corrêa-Oliveira R, Rocha MOC, et al. Foxp3+CD25high CD4+ regulatory T cells from indeterminate patients with Chagas disease can suppress the effector cells and cytokines and reveal altered correlations with disease severity. Immunobiology. 2012;217:768–77.PubMedCrossRef Araújo FF, Corrêa-Oliveira R, Rocha MOC, et al. Foxp3+CD25high CD4+ regulatory T cells from indeterminate patients with Chagas disease can suppress the effector cells and cytokines and reveal altered correlations with disease severity. Immunobiology. 2012;217:768–77.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Kotner J, Tarleton R. Endogenous CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells have a limited role in the control of Trypanosoma cruzi in mice. Infect Immun. 2007;75:861–9.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Kotner J, Tarleton R. Endogenous CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells have a limited role in the control of Trypanosoma cruzi in mice. Infect Immun. 2007;75:861–9.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Guedes PMM, Gutierrez FRS, Silva GK, et al. Deficient regulatory T cell activity and Low frequency of IL-17-producing T cells correlate with the extent of cardiomyopathy in human Chagas’ disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6:e1630.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Guedes PMM, Gutierrez FRS, Silva GK, et al. Deficient regulatory T cell activity and Low frequency of IL-17-producing T cells correlate with the extent of cardiomyopathy in human Chagas’ disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6:e1630.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Araujo FG. Analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi antigens bound by specific antibodies and by antibodies to related Trypanosomatids. Infect Immun. 1986;53:179–85.PubMedCentralPubMed Araujo FG. Analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi antigens bound by specific antibodies and by antibodies to related Trypanosomatids. Infect Immun. 1986;53:179–85.PubMedCentralPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Malchiodi EL, Chiaramontb MG, Taranto NJ, Zwirner NW, Margni RA. Cross-reactivity studies and differential serodiagnosis of human infections caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp; use of immunoblotting and ELISA with a purified antigen (Agl63B6). Clin Exp Immunol. 1994;97:417–23.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Malchiodi EL, Chiaramontb MG, Taranto NJ, Zwirner NW, Margni RA. Cross-reactivity studies and differential serodiagnosis of human infections caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp; use of immunoblotting and ELISA with a purified antigen (Agl63B6). Clin Exp Immunol. 1994;97:417–23.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Lafaille JJ, Linss J, Krieger MA, Souto-Padrón T, Wanderley S, Goldenberg S. Structure and expression of two Trypanosoma cruzi genes encoding antigenic proteins bearing repetitive epitopes. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1989;35:127–36.PubMedCrossRef Lafaille JJ, Linss J, Krieger MA, Souto-Padrón T, Wanderley S, Goldenberg S. Structure and expression of two Trypanosoma cruzi genes encoding antigenic proteins bearing repetitive epitopes. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1989;35:127–36.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Krieger MA, Almeida E, Oelemann W, Lafaille JJ, Pereira JB, Krieger H, et al. Use of recombinant antigens for the accurate immunodiagnosis of Chagas’disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1992;46:427–34.PubMed Krieger MA, Almeida E, Oelemann W, Lafaille JJ, Pereira JB, Krieger H, et al. Use of recombinant antigens for the accurate immunodiagnosis of Chagas’disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1992;46:427–34.PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Ibañez CF, Affranchino JL, Macina RA, et al. Multiple Trypanosoma cruzi antigens containing tandemly repeated amino acid sequence motifs. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1988;30:27–34.PubMedCrossRef Ibañez CF, Affranchino JL, Macina RA, et al. Multiple Trypanosoma cruzi antigens containing tandemly repeated amino acid sequence motifs. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1988;30:27–34.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Vasconcelos RHT, Amaral FN, Cavalcanti MGAM, Silva ED, Ferreira AGP, Morais CNL, et al. Increased levels of IgA antibodies against CRA and FRA recombinant antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi differentiate digestive forms of Chagas disease. Hum Immunol. 2010;71:964–7.PubMedCrossRef Vasconcelos RHT, Amaral FN, Cavalcanti MGAM, Silva ED, Ferreira AGP, Morais CNL, et al. Increased levels of IgA antibodies against CRA and FRA recombinant antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi differentiate digestive forms of Chagas disease. Hum Immunol. 2010;71:964–7.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Verçosa AFA, Lorena VMB, Carvalho CL, et al. Chagas’ disease: IgG isotypes against cytoplasmic (CRA) and flagellar (FRA) recombinant repetitive antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi in chronic Chagasic patients. J Clin Lab Anal. 2007;21:271–6.PubMedCrossRef Verçosa AFA, Lorena VMB, Carvalho CL, et al. Chagas’ disease: IgG isotypes against cytoplasmic (CRA) and flagellar (FRA) recombinant repetitive antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi in chronic Chagasic patients. J Clin Lab Anal. 2007;21:271–6.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Teichholz LE, Kreulen T, Herman MV, Gorlin R. Problems in chocardiographic volume determinations: echocardiographic-angiographic correlations in the presence of absence of asynergy. Am J Cardiol. 1976;37:7–11.PubMedCrossRef Teichholz LE, Kreulen T, Herman MV, Gorlin R. Problems in chocardiographic volume determinations: echocardiographic-angiographic correlations in the presence of absence of asynergy. Am J Cardiol. 1976;37:7–11.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970;227:680–5.PubMedCrossRef Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970;227:680–5.PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Morrissey JH. Silver stain for proteins in poliacrylamide gel: a modified procedure with enhanced uniform sensitivity. Anal Biochem. 1981;117:307–10.PubMedCrossRef Morrissey JH. Silver stain for proteins in poliacrylamide gel: a modified procedure with enhanced uniform sensitivity. Anal Biochem. 1981;117:307–10.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Lorena VMB, Verçosa AFA, Machado RCA, et al. Cellular immune response from chagasic patients to CRA or FRA recombinant antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi. J Clin Lab Anal. 2008;22:91–8.PubMedCrossRef Lorena VMB, Verçosa AFA, Machado RCA, et al. Cellular immune response from chagasic patients to CRA or FRA recombinant antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi. J Clin Lab Anal. 2008;22:91–8.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Braz SCM, Lorena VMB, Melo AS, Cavalcanti MGAM, Gomes YM. Evaluation of CD4 + CD25+ T lymphocyte response time kinetics in patients with chronic Chagas disease after in vitro stimulation with recombinant Trypanosoma cruzi antigens. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2013;46:362–6.PubMedCrossRef Braz SCM, Lorena VMB, Melo AS, Cavalcanti MGAM, Gomes YM. Evaluation of CD4 + CD25+ T lymphocyte response time kinetics in patients with chronic Chagas disease after in vitro stimulation with recombinant Trypanosoma cruzi antigens. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2013;46:362–6.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Hudson TH, Grillo FG. Brefeldin-A enhancement of ricin A-chain Immunotoxins and blockade of intact ricin, Modeccin, and Abri. J Biol Chem. 1991;266:18586–92.PubMed Hudson TH, Grillo FG. Brefeldin-A enhancement of ricin A-chain Immunotoxins and blockade of intact ricin, Modeccin, and Abri. J Biol Chem. 1991;266:18586–92.PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Mariano FS, Gutierrez FRS, Pavanelli WR, et al. The involvement of CD4 + CD25+ T cells in the acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Microbes Infect. 2008;10:825–33.PubMedCrossRef Mariano FS, Gutierrez FRS, Pavanelli WR, et al. The involvement of CD4 + CD25+ T cells in the acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Microbes Infect. 2008;10:825–33.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Sales-Júnior PA, Golgher D, Oliveira RV, Vieira V, Arantes RME, Lannes-Vieira J, et al. The regulatory CD4 + CD25+ T cells have a limited role on pathogenesis of infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Microbes Infect. 2008;10:680–8.CrossRef Sales-Júnior PA, Golgher D, Oliveira RV, Vieira V, Arantes RME, Lannes-Vieira J, et al. The regulatory CD4 + CD25+ T cells have a limited role on pathogenesis of infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Microbes Infect. 2008;10:680–8.CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Araújo FF, Silveira ABM, Corrêa-Oliveira R, Adad SJ, Fiuza JA. Characterization of the presence of Foxp3+ T cells from patients with different clinical forms of Chagas’ disease. Hum Immunol. 2011;42:299–302. Araújo FF, Silveira ABM, Corrêa-Oliveira R, Adad SJ, Fiuza JA. Characterization of the presence of Foxp3+ T cells from patients with different clinical forms of Chagas’ disease. Hum Immunol. 2011;42:299–302.
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Baecher-Allan C, Brown JA, Freeman GJ, Hafler DA. CD4 + CD25high regulatory cells in human peripheral blood. J Immunol. 2001;167:1245–53.PubMedCrossRef Baecher-Allan C, Brown JA, Freeman GJ, Hafler DA. CD4 + CD25high regulatory cells in human peripheral blood. J Immunol. 2001;167:1245–53.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Bluestone JA, Abbas AK. Natural versus adaptive regulatory T cells. Nat Rev Immunol. 2003;3:253–7.PubMedCrossRef Bluestone JA, Abbas AK. Natural versus adaptive regulatory T cells. Nat Rev Immunol. 2003;3:253–7.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Sakaguchi S, Miyara M, Constantino CM, Hafler DA. FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in the human immune system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2010;10:490–500.PubMedCrossRef Sakaguchi S, Miyara M, Constantino CM, Hafler DA. FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in the human immune system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2010;10:490–500.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Sakaguchi S. Naturally arising CD4+ regulatory T cells for immunologic self-tolerance and negative control of immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol. 2004;22:531–62.PubMedCrossRef Sakaguchi S. Naturally arising CD4+ regulatory T cells for immunologic self-tolerance and negative control of immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol. 2004;22:531–62.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Teixeira MM, Gazzinelli RT, Silva JS. Chemokines, inflammation and Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Trends Parasitol. 2002;18:262–5.PubMedCrossRef Teixeira MM, Gazzinelli RT, Silva JS. Chemokines, inflammation and Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Trends Parasitol. 2002;18:262–5.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Oliveira GM, Diniz RL, Batista W, Batista MM, Correa CB, Arauji-Jorge TC, et al. Fas ligand-dependent inflammatory regulation in acute myocarditis induced by Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Am J Pathol. 2007;17:79–86.CrossRef Oliveira GM, Diniz RL, Batista W, Batista MM, Correa CB, Arauji-Jorge TC, et al. Fas ligand-dependent inflammatory regulation in acute myocarditis induced by Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Am J Pathol. 2007;17:79–86.CrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Pandiyan P, Zheng L, Ishihara S, Reed J, Lenardo MJ. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells induce cytokine deprivation–mediated apoptosis of effector CD4+ T cells. Nat Immunol. 2007;8:1353–62.PubMedCrossRef Pandiyan P, Zheng L, Ishihara S, Reed J, Lenardo MJ. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells induce cytokine deprivation–mediated apoptosis of effector CD4+ T cells. Nat Immunol. 2007;8:1353–62.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Grossman WJ, Verbsky JW, Tollefsen BL, Kemper C, Atkinson JP, Ley TJ. Differential expression of granzymes A and B in human cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets and T regulatory cells. Blood. 2004;104:2840–8.PubMedCrossRef Grossman WJ, Verbsky JW, Tollefsen BL, Kemper C, Atkinson JP, Ley TJ. Differential expression of granzymes A and B in human cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets and T regulatory cells. Blood. 2004;104:2840–8.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Strauss L, Bergmann C, Whiteside TL. Human circulating CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ regulatory T cells kill autologous CD8+ but not CD4+ responder cells by Fas-mediated apoptosis. J Immunol. 2009;182:1469–80.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Strauss L, Bergmann C, Whiteside TL. Human circulating CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ regulatory T cells kill autologous CD8+ but not CD4+ responder cells by Fas-mediated apoptosis. J Immunol. 2009;182:1469–80.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Increase in the Expression of CD4 + CD25+ Lymphocytic T Cells in the Indeterminate Clinical Form of Human Chagas Disease After Stimulation With Recombinant Antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi
verfasst von
Suellen Carvalho de Moura Braz
Adriene Siqueira de Melo
Maria da Glória Aureliano de Melo Cavalcanti
Sílvia Marinho Martins
Wilson de Oliveira Jr
Edimilson Domingos da Silva
Antonio Gomes Pinto Ferreira
Virginia Maria Barros de Lorena
Yara de Miranda Gomes
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2014
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Clinical Immunology / Ausgabe 8/2014
Print ISSN: 0271-9142
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2592
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-014-0092-6

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 8/2014

Journal of Clinical Immunology 8/2014 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.