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01.01.2008 | Original Article

Innervation of the levator ani muscles: description of the nerve branches to the pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, and puborectalis muscles

verfasst von: Bogdan A. Grigorescu, George Lazarou, Todd R. Olson, Sherry A. Downie, Kenneth Powers, Wilma Markus Greston, Magdy S. Mikhail

Erschienen in: International Urogynecology Journal | Ausgabe 1/2008

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Abstract

We described the innervation of the levator ani muscles (LAM) in human female cadavers. Detailed pelvic dissections of the pubococcygeus (PCM), iliococcygeus (ICM), and puborectalis muscles (PRM) were performed on 17 formaldehyde-fixed cadavers. The pudendal nerve and the sacral nerves entering the pelvis were traced thoroughly, and nerve branches innervating the LAM were documented. Histological analysis of nerve branches entering the LAM confirmed myelinated nerve tissue. LAM were innervated by the pudendal nerve branches, perineal nerve, and inferior rectal nerve (IRN) in 15 (88.2%) and 6 (35.3%) cadavers, respectively, and by the direct sacral nerves S3 and/or S4 in 12 cadavers (70.6%). A variant IRN, independent of the pudendal nerve, was found to innervate the LAM in seven (41.2%) cadavers. The PCM and the PRM were both primarily innervated by the pudendal nerve branches in 13 cadavers (76.5%) each. The ICM was primarily innervated by the direct sacral nerves S3 and/or S4 in 11 cadavers (64.7%).

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Titel: Innervation of the levator ani muscles: description of the nerve branches to the pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, and puborectalis muscles
verfasst von: Bogdan A. Grigorescu
George Lazarou
Todd R. Olson
Sherry A. Downie
Kenneth Powers
Wilma Markus Greston
Magdy S. Mikhail
Publikationsdatum: 01.01.2008
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: International Urogynecology Journal / Ausgabe 1/2008
Print ISSN: 0937-3462
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-3023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-007-0395-8

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