Background
Methods
Study design and patient population
Insulin resistance
Endpoints
Statistics
Results
Patient disposition and baseline characteristics
Characteristics | Tertile 1 (n = 366) | Tertile 2 (n = 369) | Tertile 3 (n = 367) | p-value for trend |
---|---|---|---|---|
HOMA-IR | 2.3 [0.0-3.9] | 5.9 [3.9–10.3] | 19.6 [10.4–286.0] | NA |
Age, years | 63.1 (9.4) | 64.4 (8.6) | 63.6 (8.2) | 0.445 |
Sex, n (%) | ||||
Women | 72 (19.7%) | 114 (30.9%) | 99 (27.0%) | 0.002 |
Men | 294 (80.3%) | 255 (69.1%) | 268 (73.0%) | |
Race, n (%) | ||||
Asian | 166 (45.4%) | 139 (37.7%) | 108 (29.4%) | < 0.001 |
Black | 13 (3.6%) | 29 (7.9%) | 21 (5.7%) | |
Other | 27 (7.4%) | 12 (3.3%) | 12 (3.3%) | |
White | 160 (43.7%) | 189 (51.2%) | 226 (61.6%) | |
Body weight (kg) | 76.2 (15.5) | 83.3 (18.0) | 92.0 (21.7) | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 27.6 (4.6) | 30.2 (5.6) | 32.7 (6.3) | < 0.001 |
Blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
Systolic | 136.6 (16.2) | 137.5 (16.2) | 137.7 (14.6) | 0.338 |
Diastolic | 75.6 (9.7) | 75.5 (10.3) | 76.6 (9.3) | 0.162 |
eGFR, ml/min 1.73m2 | 42.4 (12.9) | 41.2 (12.0) | 41.4 (12.2) | 0.311 |
UACR, mg/g | 888 [514–1773] | 815 [469–1657] | 881 [452–1570] | 0.258 |
Haemoglobin, g/L | 125.9 (17.3) | 128.8 (17.0) | 131.2 (17.5) | < 0.001 |
BNP, pg/mL | 51 [27–95] | 46 [23–87] | 44 [26–86] | 0.294 |
Hematocrit, L/L | 0.38 (0.05) | 0.39 (0.05) | 0.40 (0.05) | < 0.001 |
CVD history, n (%) | 75 (18.8%) | 82 (21.9%) | 84 (22.2%) | 0.308 |
Insulin use, n (%) | 136 (37.2%) | 260 (70.5%) | 304 (82.8%) | < 0.001 |
Diuretic use, n (%) | 282 (77.0%) | 309 (83.7%) | 290 (79.0%) | 0.066 |
Statin use, n (%) | 272 (74.3%) | 299 (81.0%) | 301 (82.0%) | 0.020 |
Long term outcomes
Outcome | n/N events (%) | Model 1 | p value | Model 2 | p value | Model 3 | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |||||
Cardiorenal outcomes | |||||||
Tertile 1 | 27/339 (8.0%) | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) | |||
Tertile 2 | 37/332 (11.1%) | 1.31 (0.79–2.17) | 0.289 | 1.41 (0.84–2.39) | 0.197 | 1.74 (1.01–3.01) | 0.046 |
Tertile 3 | 39/328 (11.9%) | 1.44 (0.88–2.35) | 0.149 | 1.64 (0.96–2.81) | 0.072 | 2.29 (1.28–4.09) | 0.005 |
p value for trend across tertiles | NA | 1.19 (0.94–1.51) | 0.154 | 1.27 (0.98–1.65) | 0.076 | 1.49 (1.12–1.97) | 0.006 |
per log unit increase | NA | 1.13 (0.95–1.35) | 0.163 | 1.19 (0.99–1.43) | 0.069 | 1.32 (1.09–1.60) | 0.004 |
Renal composite or all-cause mortality | |||||||
Tertile 1 | 23/343 (6.7%) | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) | |||
Tertile 2 | 29/340 (8.5%) | 1.20 (0.69–2.10) | 0.511 | 1.25 (0.70–2.24) | 0.453 | 1.40 (0.76–2.56) | 0.278 |
Tertile 3 | 34/333 (10.2%) | 1.48 (0.87–2.51) | 0.149 | 1.61 (0.89–2.90) | 0.116 | 2.06 (1.09–3.88) | 0.026 |
p value for trend across tertiles | NA | 1.22 (0.93–1.58) | 0.145 | 1.27 (0.95–1.70) | 0.110 | 1.44 (1.05–1.97) | 0.023 |
per log unit increase | NA | 1.12 (0.93–1.36) | 0.240 | 1.16 (0.95–1.43) | 0.151 | 1.25 (1.01–1.55) | 0.037 |
Renal composite | |||||||
Tertile 1 | 16/350 (4.6%) | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) | |||
Tertile 2 | 23/346 (6.6%) | 1.38 (0.72–2.64) | 0.331 | 1.46 (0.72–2.93) | 0.293 | 1.87 (0.90–3.88) | 0.093 |
Tertile 3 | 23/344 (6.7%) | 1.48 (0.78–2.81) | 0.235 | 1.51 (0.71–3.18) | 0.281 | 2.49 (1.11–5.60) | 0.028 |
p value for trend across tertiles | NA | 1.20 (0.88–1.64) | 0.244 | 1.21 (0.84–1.74) | 0.305 | 1.55 (1.05–2.30) | 0.029 |
per log unit increase | NA | 1.09 (0.87–1.37) | 0.443 | 1.11 (0.87–1.43) | 0.406 | 1.30 (1.00-1.68) | 0.048 |
CV composite | |||||||
Tertile 1 | 12/354 (3.4%) | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) | |||
Tertile 2 | 15/354 (4.2%) | 1.22 (0.57–2.62) | 0.609 | 1.42 (0.65–3.11) | 0.385 | 1.61 (0.71–3.66) | 0.258 |
Tertile 3 | 16/351 (4.6%) | 1.34 (0.63–2.84) | 0.445 | 1.61 (0.72–3.62) | 0.249 | 1.88 (0.78–4.51) | 0.160 |
p value for trend across tertiles | NA | 1.15 (0.80–1.67) | 0.448 | 1.26 (0.85–1.88) | 0.253 | 1.35 (0.88–2.07) | 0.167 |
per log unit increase | NA | 1.17 (0.89–1.52) | 0.256 | 1.25 (0.95–1.66) | 0.116 | 1.34 (0.99–1.81) | 0.060 |