Synovial sarcoma (SS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents. Despite the availability of new agents such as pazopanib and trabectedin, the prognosis after recurrence remains poor. Adoptive cell therapy is an emerging …
Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas are two primary liver cancers, with HCC being the most prevalent [ 1 ]. Liver metastases are observed in conjunction with other primary malignancies, including those of the …
After completion of the review by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), the following anticancer drugs were approved in Japan on February 20, 2025 [ 1 ].
The most important goal of a TNM system is to predict prognosis and guide appropriate treatment planning [ 1 ]. Therefore, the optimal staging system should be based on clear prognostic factors to ensure the most appropriate treatment for patients …
Clinical research has focused on recurrence risk evaluation in patients with stage II and III colorectal cancer (CRC) for many years. These guidelines are not without limitations despite developing several guidelines that outline prognostic …
Gastric cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with a median survival of < 12 months in advanced cases [ 1 ]. Second-line treatments for gastric cancer in Japan include pembrolizumab [ 2 ] for high-frequency …
The standard treatment for resectable locally advanced colorectal cancer is surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. The prognostic value of 5-FU monotherapy was demonstrated in several trials [ 1 , 2 ], and the oxaliplatin combination …
In the head and neck region, the oral cavity represents the most frequently affected site for cancer. The standard treatment protocol for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) includes radical surgery, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) …
Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a substantial global health challenge, ranking as the third most commonly diagnosed and second most fatal cancer worldwide. With an increasing incidence, particularly in older populations, CRC demands innovative …
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies, with nearly 1.2 million new cases and about 530,000 deaths every year, ranking the fourth and second in morbidity and mortality of malignant tumors in the world [ 1 , 2 ].
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for gynecologic cancers, which includes laparoscopic and robotic approaches, has seen significant growth in Japan over the past decade. While offering numerous benefits, including reduced postoperative pain and …
Radical prostatectomy (RP) is one of the primary treatment options for patients with localized prostate cancer; however, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure within 5 years after RP occurs in approximately 30–50% of cases [ 1 , 2 ]. Several …
Thromboembolism, including ischemic stroke and venous thromboembolism (VTE), is a critical complication in patients with advanced cancer [ 1 – 3 ]. Further, ischemic stroke in patients with advanced cancer may worsen their activities of daily …
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) cause immune-related adverse events (irAE) in various organs. While pneumonitis is the fifth most common irAE, it is the most common fatal irAE [ 1 , 2 ]. In clinical settings, the incidence of ICI-induced …
Ovarian cancer was newly diagnosed in 324,398 patients and attributed to 206,839 deaths worldwide in 2022 [ 1 ]. Approximately 75% of patients with ovarian cancer are diagnosed at stage III or IV disease, and the 5-year survival rate for stage …
The importance and popularity of fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) is increasing annually because of the growing trend of delaying childbearing [ 1 ]. New cases of cervical cancer have been reported in patients in their thirties and forties, and this …
Platinum-based chemotherapy has been the mainstay of therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) since the 1980s [ 1 , 2 ]. Representative regimens include gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) [ 3 ], methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and …
Appendiceal carcinoma (AC) is a rare malignancy and presents with a variety of histologic findings and clinical presentations [ 1 , 2 ]. This cancer comprises multiple histopathologic subtypes. The 5th edition 2019 WHO Classification of Tumors …
Recently, remarkable advances in cancer treatment have led to increased cancer survival rates [ 1 ]. Consequently, there is a growing need to consider the post-treatment lives of cancer survivors. Some anticancer drugs and radiation therapies have …
