Background
Methods
Ethics statement
Results
Unmatched patients | 1:3 propensity score matched patients | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Ketamine | Etomidate |
p-value
| Ketamine | Etomidate |
p-value
| |
(n = 118) | (n = 502) | (n = 118) | (n = 354) | ||||
Age, mean ± SD (years) | 50.0 ± 18.8 | 50.8 ± 17.8 |
0.64
| 50.0 ± 18.8 | 50.6 ± 18.0 |
0.74
| |
Sex, n (%) |
0.338
|
0.682
| |||||
Male | 94 (79.7) | 421 (83.9) | 94 (79.7) | 290 (81.9)) | |||
Mechanism of injury, n (%) |
0.563
|
0.953
| |||||
Free fall | 36 (30.5) | 128 (25.5) | 36 (30.5) | 96 (27.1) | |||
Motor vehicle accident | 55 (46.6) | 250 (50.6) | 55 (46.6) | 167 (47.2) | |||
Ground fall | 2 (1.7) | 18 (3.6) | 2 (1.7) | 6 (1.7) | |||
Other blunt trauma | 4 (3.4) | 22 (4.4) | 4 (3.4) | 14 (4.0) | |||
Penetrating injury | 15 (12.7) | 47 (9.4) | 15 (12.7) | 45 (12.7) | |||
Unknown | 6 (5.1) | 33 (6.6) | 6 (5.1) | 26 (7.3) | |||
Initial HR, mean ± SD (beats/min) | 105.0 ± 25.7 | 97.7 ± 23.6 |
0.003
| 105.0 ± 25.7 | 99.1 ± 24.8 |
0.029
| |
Initial SBP, mean ± SD (mmHg) | 114.2 ± 32.8 | 139.3 ± 34.4 |
< 0.001
| 114.2 ± 32.8 | 136.1 ± 34.7 |
< 0.001
| |
Initial SBP, n (%) |
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
| |||||
≤ 90 mmHg | 27 (22.9) | 38 (7.6) | 27 (22.9) | 34 (9.6) | |||
Shock index, mean ± SD | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 0.5 |
0.502
| 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.6 |
0.591
| |
Shock index, n (%) |
> 0.999
|
> 0.999
| |||||
≤ 0.9 | 18 (15.3) | 76 (15.1) | 18 (15.3) | 54 (14.7) | |||
Initial GCS, mean ± SD | 9.1 ± 4.0 | 8.2 ± 4.0 |
0.031
| 9.1 ± 4.0 | 8.7 ± 4.1 |
0.358
| |
ISS, mean ± SD | 32.5 ± 16.3 | 27.0 ± 13.3 |
< 0.001
| 32.5 ± 16.3 | 28.0 ± 13.3 |
0.101
| |
ISS, n (%) |
0.084
|
0.65
| |||||
>15 | 108 (87.3) | 401 (79.9) | 108 (87.3) | 301 (85.0) |
Unmatched patients | 1:3 propensity score matching patients | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcomes
|
Ketamine
(n = 118)
|
Etomidate (n = 502)
|
95% CI
|
Ketamine
(n = 118)
|
Etomidate (n = 354)
|
95% CI
| ||
First-pass success rate, n (%) | 107 (90.7) | 448 (89.2) | (-0.13, 0.08) | 107 (90.7) | 319 (90.1) | (-0.15, 0.13) | ||
Mortality, n (%) | 19 (16.1) | 98 (19.5) | (-0.05, 0.12) | 19 (16.1) | 73 (20.6) | (-0.05, 0.15) | ||
ICU LOS, days, median (IQR) | 8 (4–15) | 8 (3–19) | (-5.13, 6.79) | 8 (4–15) | 10 (4–21) | (-6.01, 6.03) | ||
Ventilator days, median (IQR) | 4 (2–10) | 4 (2–13) | (-3.5, 3.34) | 4 (2–10) | 5 (2–13) | (-4.1, 2.9) | ||
Hospital LOS, days, median (IQR) | 24.5 (10.25–38.5) | 19 (7–38) | (-2.41, 12.23) | 24.5 (10.25–38.5) | 22 (8–40) | (-3.69, 11.15) |