Introduction
Materials and methods
Tissue source
Histology
Immunohistochemistry and evaluation
Stage | pSyn-IR | LB | Loss of pigmentation of the LC/SN | Parkinsonism | Dementiab | LB scorec | Diagnosis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | − | − | − | − | − | 0 | |
0.5 | + | − | − | − | − | 0 | Earliest LBD |
1 | + | + | − | − | − | 0–10 | Preclinical LBD |
2 | + | + | + | − | − | 0–10 | Prodromal LBD |
3 | + | + | + | + | − | 0–10 | PD |
4 | + | + | + | + / − | + | 3–6 | PDD/DLBT |
5 | + | + | + | + / − | + | 7–10 | PDD/DLBN |
Clinicopathological and genetic information
Statistical analysis
Results
Prevalence of Lewy pathology in older individuals
Lewy pathology | P value | ||
---|---|---|---|
Positive | Negative | ||
Clinical and genetic characteristics | |||
Gender (n) | |||
Male | 98 (18.9%) | 205 (39.6%) | 0.26 |
Female | 80 (15.4%) | 135 (26.1%) | |
Mean Age at death (y) (SD, range) | |||
Male | 81.1 (9.5, 49–99) | 77.9 (11.8, 25–99) | 0.04 |
Female | 86.4 (8.5, 61–104) | 82.3 (11.0, 24–111) | 0.004 |
APOE (n) | |||
ε2/ε3 | 11 (2.1%) | 32 (6.2%) | 0.7143 |
ε3/ε3 | 130 (25.1%) | 224 (43.2%) | |
ε2/ε4 | 1 (0.2%) | 2 (0.4%) | |
ε3/ε4 | 31 (6.0%) | 58 (11.2%) | |
ε4/ε4 | 3 (0.6%) | 5 (1.0%) | |
Neuropathological factors | |||
Brain weight (g, mean) | 1208 | 1234 | 0.051 |
(SD, range) | (132, 758–1666) | (145, 730–1937) | |
Braak NFT stage (n) | |||
0–II | 92 (17.8%) | 249 (48.1%) | < 0.0001 |
III–VI | 85 (16.4%) | 91 (17.6%) | |
Braak SP stage (n) | |||
0–A | 109 (21.0%) | 257 (49.6%) | 0.0011 |
B–C | 68 (13.1%) | 83 (16.0%) | |
CERAD score (n) | |||
0–A | 91 (17.6%) | 237 (45.8%) | 0.0008 |
B–C | 77 (14.9%) | 103 (19.9%) | |
Thal phase (mean) | 2.5 | 2.1 | 0.0021 |
Lewy pathology of the PNS
Lewy pathology of the esophagus and clinicopathological characteristics
Esophageal Lewy pathology | P value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Negative | |||
Clinical and genetic characteristics | ||||
Age at death (y, mean) | 84.3 | 82.8 | 0.675 | |
Gender (n) | ||||
Male | 40 (22.5%) | 58 (32.6%) | 0.4479 | |
Female | 38 (21.3%) | 42 (23.6%) | ||
APOE (n) | ||||
ε2/ε3 | 6 (3.4%) | 5 (2.8%) | ND | |
ε3/ε3 | 55 (30.9%) | 75 (42.1%) | ||
ε2/ε4 | 1 (0.6%) | 0 (0%) | ||
ε3/ε4 | 13 (7.3%) | 18 (10.1%) | ||
ε4/ε4 | 2 (1.1%) | 1 (0.6%) | ||
Constipation (n) | ||||
Positive | 23 (12.9%) | 5 (2.8%) | < 0.0001 | |
Negative | 55 (30.9%) | 95 (53.4%) | ||
Other autonomic failures (n) | ||||
Positive | 18 (10.1%) | 5 (2.8%) | 0.0005 | |
Negative | 60 (33.7%) | 95 (53.4%) | ||
Parkinsonism (n) | ||||
Positive | 31 (17.4%) | 9 (5.1%) | < 0.0001 | |
Negative | 47 (26.4%) | 91 (51.1%) | ||
Dementia (n) | ||||
Positive | 48 (27.0%) | 46 (25.8%) | 0.0562 | |
Negative | 30 (16.9%) | 54 (30.3%) | ||
Neuropathological factors | ||||
Brain weight (g, mean) | 1212 | 1205 | 0.7406 | |
DLB 4th consensus report (n) | ||||
Diffuse neocortical | 44 (24.7%) | 5 (2.8%) | < 0.0001 | |
Limbic | 22 (12.4%) | 23 (12.9%) | ||
Brainstem-predominant | 11 (6.2%) | 32 (18.0%) | ||
Amygdala-predominant | 1 (0.6%) | 28 (15.7%) | ||
BBAR LB stage (n) | ||||
0–2 | 37 (20.8%) | 95 (53.4%) | < 0.0001 | |
3–5 | 41 (23.0%) | 5 (2.8%) | ||
Braak LB stage (n) | ||||
0–3 | 21 (11.8%) | 85 (47.8%) | < 0.0001 | |
4–6 | 57 (32.0%) | 15 (8.4%) |
Lewy pathology in the esophageal wall
Number of cases (Mean age at death) | M n (%) | MM n (%) | SM n (%) | MP n (%) | ADV n (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(a) BBAR LB stage | ||||||
0.5 | 29 (81.2, SD 9.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.4) |
1 | 83 (82.9, SD 10.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | 3 (3.6) | 21 (25.3) | 16 (19.3) |
2 | 20 (83.8, SD 9.5) | 1 (5.0) | 2 (10.0) | 4 (20.0) | 13 (65.0) | 9 (45.0) |
3 | 8 (84.0, SD 6.8) | 1 (12.5) | 2 (25.0) | 2 (25.0) | 6 (75.0) | 5 (62.5) |
4 | 19 (85.2, SD 8.2) | 1 (5.3) | 4 (21.1) | 7 (36.8) | 17 (89.5) | 11 (57.9) |
5 | 19 (86.9, SD 7.6) | 5 (26.3) | 6 (31.6) | 10 (52.6) | 17 (89.5) | 17 (89.5) |
Total | 178 | 8 (4.5) | 15 (8.4) | 26 (14.6) | 74 (41.6) | 59 (33.1) |
(b) Braak LB stage | ||||||
0 | 12 (81.2, SD 12.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
1 | 23 (84.5, SD 7.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
2 | 14 (79.8, SD 10.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (14.3) | 1 (7.1) |
3 | 57 (82.6, SD 9.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.8) | 3 (5.3) | 16 (28.1) | 14 (24.6) |
4 | 17 (85.2, SD 10.2) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (5.9) | 2 (11.8) | 9 (52.9) | 8 (47.1) |
5 | 27 (83.4, SD 9.9) | 5 (18.5) | 5 (18.5) | 10 (37.0) | 21 (77.8) | 14 (51.9) |
6 | 28 (86.0, SD 6.1) | 2 (7.1) | 8 (28.6) | 11 (39.3) | 26 (92.9) | 22 (78.6) |
Total | 178 | 8 (4.5) | 15 (8.4) | 26 (14.6) | 74 (41.6) | 59 (33.1) |