Introduction
Methods
Data and Participants
Measures
Dependent Variables
Psychological Distress
Life Satisfaction
Independent Variables
Sociodemographic Control Variables
Pre- and Peri-migration Control Variables
Integration Measures and Post-migration Living Conditions
Analysis
Results
Descriptives
Main Analyses
Sociodemographic and Pre-/Peri-migration Control Variables
Integration Measures and Post-migration Living Conditions
Exploration of Interaction Effects
Psychological distress | Life satisfaction | |
---|---|---|
Interactions with gender | ||
× Seeking family reunification | Wald = 4, p = 0.046 | Wald = 5.286, p = 0.022 |
Stratified female (seeking) | Beta = 0.542, CI − 0.013; 1.096 | Beta = − 0.357, CI − 0.773; 0.078 |
Stratified male (seeking) | Beta = 1.276, CI 0.902; 1.651 | Beta = 1.128, CI − 1.459; − 0.797 |
× Currently in education | Wald = 3.951, p = 0.047 | |
Stratified female (in education) | Beta = − 0.715, CI − 1.326;-0.105 | |
Stratified male (in education) | Beta = 0.123, CI − 0.246; 0.493 | |
× Employment | Wald = 5.1, p = 0.006 | |
Stratified female (employed) | Beta = 0.274, CI − 0.432; 0.98 | |
Stratified male (employed) | Beta = − 0.513, CI − 0.83; − 0.2 | |
× Course participation | Wald = 4.32, p = 0.038 | |
Stratified female (course participation) | Beta = 0.058, CI − 0.109; 0.225 | |
Stratified male (course participation) | Beta = − 0.542, CI − 0.164; 0.056 | |
× Time with co-nationals | Wald = 5.22, p = 0.02 | Wald = 3.841, p = 0.05 |
Stratified female (amount of time) | Beta = − 0.236, CI − 0.384; − 0.09 | Beta = 0.075, CI − 0.036; 0.186 |
Stratified male (amount of time) | Beta = − 0.054, CI − 0.164; 0.058 | Beta = − 0.072, CI − 0.174; 0.03 |
× German language ability | Wald = 4.33, p = 0.037 | |
Stratified female (German language ability) | Beta = − 0.107, CI − 0.286; 0.072 | |
Stratified male (German language ability) | Beta = -0.236, CI − 0.384;-0.09 | |
Interactions with nationality | ||
× Legal status | Wald = 3.067, p = 0.016 | |
Stratified Syrian (insecure/waiting) | Beta = 0.288, CI 0.014; 0.563 | |
Stratified Afghan (insecure/waiting) | Beta = 0.746, CI 0.137; 1.355 | |
Stratified Iraqi (insecure/waiting) | Beta = 1.017, CI 0.446; 1.587 | |
× Type of accommodation | Wald = 3.294, p = 0.01 | Wald = 3.091, p = 0.015 |
Stratified Syrian (private accommodation) | Beta = − 0.521, CI − 0.841; − 0.2 | Beta = 0.759, CI 0.487; 1.03 |
Stratified Eritrean (private accommodation) | Beta = 0.763, CI 0.043; 1.484 | Beta = − 0.419, CI − 1.142; 0.304 |
× Employment | Wald = 2.158, p = 0.027 | |
Stratified Syrian (employed) | Beta = − 0.178, CI − 0.581; 0.225 | |
Stratified Other (employed) | Beta = − 0.883, CI − 1.483; − 0.282 | |
× Course participation | Wald = 2.42, p = 0.046 | |
Stratified Syrian (course participation) | Beta = 0.068, CI − 0.057; 0.193 | |
Stratified Other (course participation) | Beta = − 0.088, CI − 0.304; 0.128 | |
× Time with co-nationals | Wald = 3.362, p = 0.009 | |
Stratified Syrian (amount of time) | Beta = − 0.06, CI − 0.187; 0.068 | |
Stratified Other (amount of time) | Beta = − 0.369*, CI − 0.588; − 0.15 | |
× German language ability | Wald = 3.399, p = 0.009 | |
Stratified Syrian (German language ability) | Beta = 0.224, CI 0.103; 0.345 | |
Stratified Afghan (German language ability) | Beta = − 0.121, CI − 0.374; 0.131 | |
Interactions with level of education | ||
× Currently in education | Wald = 2.644, p = 0.071 | Wald = 3.453, p = 0.032 |
Stratified low level (in education) | Beta = 0.352, CI − 0.175; 0.879 | Beta = 0.245, CI − 0.197; 0.0687 |
Stratified high level (in education) | Beta = 0.98, CI 0.116; 1.845 | Beta = − 0.66, CI − 1.346; 0.026 |
Psychological distress | Life satisfaction | |
---|---|---|
Interactions with number of flight reasons | ||
× Seeking family reunification | Wald = 4.905, p = 0.027 | |
Stratified one or none (seeking) | Beta = 0.82, CI 0.426; 1.213 | |
Stratified two or three (seeking) | Beta = 1.316, CI 0.695; 1.936 | |
Stratified four or five (seeking) | Beta = 1.276, CI 0.902; 1.651 | |
× Type of accommodation | Wald = 4.852, p = 0.028 | Wald = 4.036, p = 0.045 |
Stratified one or none (private accom.) | Beta = − 0.299, CI − 0.577; − 0.02 | Beta = 0.455, CI 0.228; 0.682 |
Stratified two or three (private accom.) | Beta = − 0.586, CI − 1.019; − 0.152 | Beta = 0.271, CI − 0.094; 0.636 |
Stratified four or five (private accom.) | Beta = − 0.660, CI − 1.010; − 0.310 | Beta = 0.812, CI 0.534; 1.090 |
× Currently in education | Wald = 5.651, p = 0.017 | |
Stratified one or none (in education) | Beta = − 0.053, CI − 0.525; 0.418 | |
Stratified two or three (in education) | Beta = 0.535, CI − 0.196; 1.267 | |
Stratified four or five (in education) | Beta = 0.901, CI 0.284; 1.519 | |
× Time with Germans | Wald = 5.268, p = 0.022 | |
Stratified one or none (time with Germans) | Beta = − 0.112, CI − 0.234; 0.009 | |
Stratified two or three (time with Germans) | Beta = − 0.209, CI − 0.398; − 0.020 | |
Stratified four or five (time with Germans) | Beta = − 0.283, CI − 0.434; − 0.132 | |
× German language ability | Wald = 4.393, p = 0.036 | |
Stratified one or none (German language ability) | Beta = 0.078, CI − 0.036; 0.191 | |
Stratified two or three (German language ability) | Beta = 0.131, CI –0.051; 0.313 | |
Stratified four or five (German language ability) | Beta = 0.186, CI 0.047; 0.326 |