Introduction
Methods
Eligibility criteria
Exclusion criteria
Reference |
N
| Study design | Location/type of primary tumor | Type of RT | Taste assessment | Time points for data collection | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fernando et al. [8] | N = 26 | PC | OC, OP, HP, L, ethmoids, ear, and Max. antrum | Not specified | Taste solutions; STA | OTL and STL at baseline and EOT; STL at 1-mo post-RT | OTL (P = 0.0016) and STL (P = 0.0001) was associated with the proportion of tongue, contained within the field of RT. No relationship between recovery of taste loss and volume of tongue irradiated. |
Shi et al. [9] | N = 30 | PC | OC, OP, NP, HP, L, and nasal vestibule | 2D-RT with CT | Whole mouth technique; STA | Pre-RT; irradiation doses at 15, 30, 45, and 60 Gy | Sweet, sour, salty, and bitter tastes showed no statistical difference between the threshold at pre-RT and that at 15, 30, 45, and 60 Gy. Significantly impaired threshold of umami taste was revealed at 30 Gy (P < 0.05) and remained at 45 and 60 Gy (both P < 0.01). |
Yamashita et al. [10] | N = 51 | PC | OP, NP, HP, and others | 2D-RT w/wo CT | FPD | Baseline and weekly from 1 wk to 10–12 wks after start of RT | All tastes declined on the fifth wk after the start of RT and improved on the 11th wk. The effect w/wo CT did not differ. |
Sandow et al. [11] | N1 = 13; N0 = 5 | PC | OP | 2D-RT w/wo CT | Whole mouth technique | Before RT and at 1-, 6-, and 12-mo post-RT | There were significant elevations in thresholds for sweet, salty, bitter, and sour during radiation therapy at the 1-mo threshold test that were restored to baseline levels at 6 mo and 1 year after RT. |
Yamashita et al. [12•] | N = 118 | PC | OC, OP, NP, HP, L, CN, maxilla, NC, lymphomas, and others | Not specified | FPD | Baseline; weekly from 1st wk up to 10–16 wks; monthly from 4 mo to 14–24 mo after start of RT | In pts w/ anterior tongue irradiated, significant impairment of the threshold of all four basic tastes at 3 wks after starting RT that persisted until 8th wk (p < 0.05). The impairment was not significant in those w/ the tip of tongue not in the radiation field. |
Mirza et al. [13] | N1 = 8; N0 = 17 | PC | OP, NP, L, and SG | 2D-RT | Pipette droplet; video microscopy | Baseline and 2 wks, 2-mo, and 6-mo post-RT | Sour taste was significantly affected in pts at 2-mo post-RT. At 6-mo post-RT, pts had lower taste test scores for bitter, salty, sour tastes w/ bitter, and sour, most impaired. Taste pores decreased in the RT group. |
Kamprad et al. [14] | N1 = 44; N0 = 30 | PC | Head and neck tumor | Not specified | Taste solutions for 4 basic tastes | Before RT, during RT, and 8 wks, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 6-mo post-RT | Gustatory disturbance was more severe in pts w/ entire tongue irradiated. The gustatory disturbances regressed within 8wks after RT in pts with partial-tongue irradiation and almost completely after 6mo in pts w/ entire-tongue irradiation |
Yamashita et al. [15] | N = 52 | PC | OP, NP, HP, and other | 2D-RT w/wo CT | Whole mouth technique | Baseline; weekly from 1-wk to 10–12-wk post-RT | Umami taste declined in the 3rd wk after the start of RT and improved of the 8th wk. |
Baharvand et al. [2] | N = 22 | PC | OC, OP, NP, HP, SG, maxilla, and mandible | 2D-RT w/wo CT | Whole mouth technique; STA | At baseline and 3-week post-RT | All pts had dysgeusia after RT (p < 0.001) and 72.2% had total taste loss. Impairment was observed mainly in salt and bitter. Subjective dysgeusia was correlated w/ objective dysgeusia w.r.t taste sensitivity. |
Pavlidis et al. [16•] | N = 20 | PC | OP, HP, L, and SG | 2D-RT w/wo CT or CT only | EGM and contact endoscopy | Baseline, 3 wks after beginning of t/t and post-RT. | Elevated EGM thresholds at 3 wks seen in all pts. Complete ageusia (P < 0.001) was observed at the EOT. RT-treated pts had higher EGM thresholds and greater alterations in morphology and vascularization of FP than the RCT and CT pts. |
Riva et al. [17•] | N1 = 30; N0 = 30 | RC | NP | 2D-RT/3D-RT/IMRT w/wo CT | Taste strips test (filter paper strips) | 4- to 13-year post-RT | A higher percentage of hypogeusia was found in irradiated pts than the controls. Sweet, bitter, salty, and taste total score was significantly lower for IMRT, compared w/ 2D-RT/3D-CRT group. |
Sapir et al. [18] | N = 73 | PC | OP | IMRT w/ CT | QOL including STA | At baseline, 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-mo post-RT | Severe dysgeusia was reported by 50%, 40%, 22%, and 23% of pts at 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo after t/t respectively. Significant associations were found between patient-reported severe dysgeusia and radiation dose to OC (P = .005) and tongue (P = .019) |
Reference |
N
| Study design | Location/type of primary tumor | Type of RT | Taste assessment | Time points for data collection | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mossman et al. [3] | N = 13 | CS | OC, OP, NP, HP, L, and SG | 2D-RT | Forced-choice, three stimulus drop technique; STA | 1- to 7-year post-RT | 69% of the pts had measurable taste loss; salt and bitter affected most, and sweet and sour affected least. Taste intensity responsiveness most severely affected for salt and bitter. |
Schwartz et al. [19] | N1 = 15; N0 = 23 | CS | OC, OP, NP, SG, CN, and neck | 2D-RT | Whole mouth technique; STA | 1- to 19-year post-RT | Near normal suprathreshold taste intensity perception in pts who have received head and neck RT. Type and taste intensity disturbance may be related to the age of the pt. |
Maes et al. [20] | N = 73 | CS | OC, OP, NP, HP, and SG | 2D-RT | Whole mouth technique; STA | Baseline, 2, 6, and 12–24 mo after RT | Loss of taste was most pronounced after 2 mo after RT. Bitter and salt qualities were most impaired. Gradual recovery seen during the first year after RT. Partial taste loss persisted 1–2 years. after RT. |
Just et al. [21] | N1 = 12, N0 = 12 | CS | OP, HP, L, and SG | RCT | LSM; filter paper strips and EGM. | During or after RCT | Pts c/o taste disorders during RCT exhibited a significant decrease of taste function assessed with both natural and electric stimuli. Thicker epithelia and smaller areas of the taste pores in pts compared with healthy subjects. In 30% pts, no taste pores detectable. |
McLaughlin et al. 2013 | N = 92 | CS | OC, P, L, paranasal cavity, and others | Surgery and/or RT, RT w/ CT w/wo surgery | Whole mouth technique | 3 months to more than 28 years after completion of t/t | 85 of 92 participants had some measurable taste dysfunction. Confusion between bitter and sour and the inability to discriminate among the different concentrations of the sweet solutions seen. Statistically significant weight loss was associated with dysgeusia. |
Mossman et al. [22] | N = 27 | NA | OC, OP, NP, HP, L, HL, and SG | 2D-RT | Forced-choice, three stimulus drop technique; STA | Baseline, during RT, 1 mo post-RT and 1 year post-RT | The bitter and salt qualities showed earliest and greatest impairment and the sweet quality the least. Scaling impairment was most severe for bitter and salt tastes. Scaling impairment occurred before changes in either detection or recognition thresholds. |