Introduction
Methods
Patient Population and Design
Measures
Statistical Analysis
Results
Components of Psychological Distress
Items
|
Scale (#)
|
Comp-1
|
Comp-2
|
Comp-3
|
Comp-4
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Depressed affect | |||||
Guilty feelings | BDI (5) | −.87 | |||
Self-dislike | BDI (7) | −.84 | |||
Self-criticism | BDI (8) | −.79 | |||
Sense of failure | BDI (3) | −.79 | |||
Punishment feelings | BDI (6) | −.61 | |||
Feelings of sadness | BDI (1) | −.45 | |||
Anxious apprehension | |||||
Being jittery | STAI (13) | .75 | |||
Feeling restless | STAI (4) | .75 | |||
Feeling calm | STAI (1) | −.73 | |||
Feeling nervous | STAI (12) | .72 | |||
Feeling at ease | STAI (5) | −.68 | |||
Being tense | STAI (3) | .66 | |||
Positive affect | |||||
Hard working | GMS (7) | .79 | |||
Lively | GMS (9) | .79 | |||
Enterprising | GMS (13) | .78 | |||
Dynamic | GMS (4) | .76 | |||
Active | GMS (2) | .74 | |||
Bright | GMS (5) | .73 | |||
Emotional exhaustion | |||||
Feeling tired | GMS (12) | .81 | |||
Feeling fatigued | GMS (18) | .80 | |||
Feeling tired | BDI (17) | .77 | |||
Feeling weakened | GMS (19) | .77 | |||
Feeling worn out | GMS (3) | .72 | |||
Feeling feeble | GMS (8) | .70 |
No Distress
a
|
Increased Distress Without Depressed Affect
b
|
Increased Distress With Depressed Affect
c
|
P
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (M, SD)
| 60.1 (11.0) | 60.0(11.5) | 56.7(11.5) | .22 |
Male sex | 89 (149) | 73 (86) | 68 (26) |
.001
|
Low educational leveld
| 72 (120) | 84 (99) | 84 (32) |
.03
|
Having no partner | 13 (21) | 14 (17) | 34 (13) |
.004
|
Being a smoker | 37 (61) | 35 (41) | 66 (25) |
.002
|
Cardiac history
e
| 19 (31) | 32 (36) | 34 (13) |
.03
|
Multi-vessel disease
f
| 42 (67) | 46 (51) | 40 (15) | .75 |
Comorbidity
g
| 13 (20) | 29 (32) | 29(11) |
.002
|
Diabetes | 12 (19) | 14 (16) | 11(4) | .77 |
PCI
h
| 63 (100) | 60 (67) | 63 (24) | .89 |
β-blockers | 87 (139) | 85 (94) | 84 (32) | .84 |
ACE-inhibitors | 40(64) | 43 (47) | 32 (12) | .48 |
Ca-antagonists | 15 (24) | 25 (27) | 13(5) | .09 |
Anti-coagulants | 83 (133) | 85 (94) | 76 (29) | .49 |
Statins | 94 (145) | 94 (104) | 87 (33) | .40 |
Diuretics | 18 (28) | 21 (23) | 29(11) | .28 |
A2-antagonists | 8(13) | 10(11) | 8(3) | .84 |
Vasodilators | 24 (39) | 33 (37) | 26 (10) | .26 |
Aspirin) | 88 (141) | 77 (85) | 82 (31) | .06 |
No Distress
|
Increased Distress Without Depressed Affect
|
Increased Distress With Depressed Affect
| |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M
|
SD
|
M
|
SD
|
M
|
SD
|
P
| |
Physical limitation | 39.7 | 7.4 | 33.1 | 9.8 | 29.9 | 9.9 | <.0001 |
Angina stability | 5.6 | 0.9 | 4.8 | 1.5 | 4.3 | 1.6 | < .0001 |
Angina frequency | 11.5 | 1.3 | 10.6 | 2.0 | 9.8 | 2.5 | < .0001 |
Treatment satisfaction | 17.5 | 2.3 | 16.4 | 3.3 | 15.5 | 3.5 | < .0001 |
Quality of life | 12.4 | 2.1 | 9.8 | 2.8 | 7.9 | 3.0 | < .0001 |