nach oben

International Journal of Public Health

Erschienen in:

01.10.2014 | Original Article

Educational inequalities in mortality by cause of death: first national data for the Netherlands

verfasst von: Ivana Kulhánová, Rasmus Hoffmann, Terje A. Eikemo, Gwenn Menvielle, Johan P. Mackenbach

Erschienen in: International Journal of Public Health | Ausgabe 5/2014

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Objectives

Using new facilities for linking large databases, we aimed to evaluate for the first time the magnitude of relative and absolute educational inequalities in mortality by sex and cause of death in the Netherlands.

Methods

We analyzed data from Dutch Labour Force Surveys (1998–2002) with mortality follow-up 1998–2007 among people aged 30–79 years. We calculated hazard ratios using Cox proportional hazards model, age-standardized mortality rates and partial life expectancy by education. We compared results for the Netherlands with those for other European countries.

Results

The relative risk of dying was about two times higher among primary educated men and women as compared to their tertiary educated counterparts, leading to a gap in partial life expectancy of 3.4 years (men) and 2.4 years (women). Inequalities in mortality are similar to those in other countries in North-Western Europe, but inequalities in lung cancer mortality are substantially larger in the Netherlands, particularly among men.

Conclusions

The Netherlands has large inequalities in mortality, especially for smoking-related causes of death. These large inequalities require the urgent attention of policy makers.

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Arriaga EE (1984) Measuring and explaining the change in life expectancies. Demography 21:83–96. doi:10.2307/2061029 PubMedCrossRef

Bastiaans F, Engberts L, Linder F (eds) (2006) Sociale samenhang in beeld, het SSB nu en straks. [Social cohesion in focus, SSB now and later]. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, Voorburg

Borrell C et al (2005) Education level inequalities and transportation injury mortality in the middle aged and elderly in European settings. Inj Prev 11:138–142. doi:10.1136/ip.2004.006346 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

Bosma H, van de Mheen HD, Borsboom GJJM, Mackenbach JP (2001) Neighborhood socioeconomic status and all-cause mortality. Am J Epidemiol 153:363–371. doi:10.1093/aje/153.4.363 PubMedCrossRef

Burger KN, Beulens JW, Boer JM, Spijkerman AM, van der A DL (2011) Dietary glycemic load and glycemic index and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in Dutch men and women: the EPIC-MORGEN study. PLoS One 6:e25955

Chiang CL (1984) The life table and its applications. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida

Cobben F (2009) Nonresponse in Sample Survey. Methods for Analyses. PhD thesis, Universiteit van Amsterdam

Cox DR (1972) Regression models and life-tables. J R Stat Soc, Series B (Methodological) 34:187–220. doi:10.2307/2985181

Cutler DM, Lleras-Muney A (2008) Education and health: evaluating theories and evidence. In: Schoeni RF, House JS, Kaplan GA, Pollack H (eds) Making Americans healthier: social and economic policy as health policy. Russell Sage Foundation, pp 29–60

Dalstra JA, Kunst AE, Geurts JJ, Frenken FJ, Mackenbach JP (2002) Trends in socioeconomic health inequalities in the Netherlands, 1981-1999. J Epidemiol Community Health 56:927–934PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

den Draak M (2010) Oudere tehuisbewoners: landelijk overzicht van de leefsituatie van ouderen in instellingen 2008/2009. [Elderly care home residents: a nationwide survey of living conditions of elderly in institutions 2008/2009]. Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau, Den Haag

Droomers M, Schrijvers CTM, van de Mheen H, Mackenbach JP (1998) Educational differences in leisure-time physical inactivity: a descriptive and explanatory study. Soc Sci Med 47:1665–1676. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00272-X PubMedCrossRef

Droomers M, Schrijvers CTM, Stronks K, van de Mheen D, Mackenbach JP (1999) Educational differences in excessive alcohol consumption: the role of psychosocial and material stressors. Prev Med 29:1–10. doi:10.1006/pmed.1999.0496 PubMedCrossRef

Eikemo TA, Mackenbach JP (2012) The potential for reduction of health inequalities in Europe. Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The EURO-GBD-SE final report

Ferrie JE et al (2009) Non-response to baseline, non-response to follow-up and mortality in the Whitehall II cohort. Int J Epidemiol 38:831–837. doi:10.1093/ije/dyp153 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

Galobardes B, Lynch J, Smith GD (2007) Measuring socioeconomic position in health research. Br Med Bull 81–82:21–37. doi:10.1093/bmb/ldm001 PubMedCrossRef

Gathmann C, Jurges H, Reinhold S (2014) Compulsory schooling reforms, education and mortality in twentieth century Europe. Soc Sci Med. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.037 PubMed

Giskes K et al (2005) Trends in smoking behaviour between 1985 and 2000 in nine European countries by education. J Epidemiol Community Health 59:395–401. doi:10.1136/jech.2004.025684 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

Groenewold G, van Ginneken J, Masseria C (2008) Towards comparable statistics on mortality by socioeconomic status in EU Member States Methodology Note—European Observatory on Demography and the Social Situation-Demography Network. European Commission, Brussels

Harteloh P, de Bruin K, Kardaun J (2010) The reliability of cause-of-death coding in The Netherlands. Eur J Epidemiol 25:531–538. doi:10.1007/s10654-010-9445-5 PubMedCrossRef

Huisman M et al (2005) Educational inequalities in cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and older men and women in eight western European populations. Lancet 365:493–500. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17867-2 PubMedCrossRef

Janssen F, Nusselder WJ, Looman CW, Mackenbach JP, Kunst AE (2003) Stagnation in mortality decline among elders in the Netherlands. Gerontologist 43:722–734PubMedCrossRef

Kunst AE, Looman CW, Mackenbach JP (1990) Socio-economic mortality differences in The Netherlands in 1950–1984: a regional study of cause-specific mortality. Soc Sci Med 31:141–152PubMedCrossRef

Kunst AE, Looman CW, Mackenbach JP (1993) Determinants of regional differences in lung cancer mortality in The Netherlands. Soc Sci Med 37:623–631PubMedCrossRef

Lager AC, Torssander J (2012) Causal effect of education on mortality in a quasi-experiment on 1.2 million Swedes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:8461–8466. doi:10.1073/pnas.1105839109 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

Lahelma E, Martikainen P, Laaksonen M, Aittomaki A (2004) Pathways between socioeconomic determinants of health. J Epidemiol Community Health 58:327–332PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

Lopez AD, Collishaw N, Piha TA (1994) A descriptive model of the cigarette epidemic in developed countries. Tob Control 3:242–247CrossRefPubMedCentral

Mackenbach JP (1992) Socio-economic health differences in The Netherlands: a review of recent empirical findings. Soc Sci Med 34:213–226PubMedCrossRef

Mackenbach JP (1993) Inequalities in health in The Netherlands according to age, gender, marital status, level of education, degree of urbanization, and region. Eur J Public Health 3:112–118. doi:10.1093/eurpub/3.2.112 CrossRef

Mackenbach JP, Stronks K (2002) A strategy for tackling health inequalities in the Netherlands. BMJ 325:1029–1032PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

Mackenbach JP, Van Duyne WM, Kelson MC (1987) Certification and coding of two underlying causes of death in The Netherlands and other countries of the European Community. J Epidemiol Community Health 41:156–160PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

Mackenbach JP et al (2008) Socioeconomic inequalities in health in 22 European countries. N Engl J Med 358:2468–2481. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa0707519 PubMedCrossRef

Murray C, Ezzati M, Lopez A, Rodgers A, Vander Hoorn S (2003) Comparative quantification of health risks: Conceptual framework and methodological issues. Popul Health Metr 1:1PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

Ross CE, Wu C (1995) The links between education and health. Am Sociol Rev 60:719–745. doi:10.2307/2096319

Stirbu I et al (2010) Educational inequalities in avoidable mortality in Europe. J Epidemiol Community Health 64:913–920. doi:10.1136/jech.2008.081737 PubMedCrossRef

Strand BH et al (2007) The reversed social gradient: higher breast cancer mortality in the higher educated compared to lower educated. A comparison of 11 European populations during the 1990s. Eur J Cancer 43:1200–1207. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2007.01.021 PubMedCrossRef

van der A DL, Nooyens AC, van Duijnhoven FJ, Verschuren MM, Boer JM (2013) All-cause mortality risk of metabolically healthy abdominal obese individuals: the EPIC-MORGEN study. Obesity (Silver Spring). doi:10.1002/oby.20480

van Lenthe FJ, Schrijvers CT, Droomers M, Joung IM, Louwman MJ, Mackenbach JP (2004) Investigating explanations of socio-economic inequalities in health: the Dutch GLOBE study. Eur J Public Health 14:63–70PubMedCrossRef

van Oort FV, van Lenthe FJ, Mackenbach JP (2005) Material, psychosocial, and behavioural factors in the explanation of educational inequalities in mortality in The Netherlands. J Epidemiol Community Health 59:214–220. doi:10.1136/jech.2003.016493 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

Visscher G (1997) De blinde vlek van het CBS: systematische vertekening in het opleidingsniveau. De nonrespons in de Enquête Beroepsbevolking. [Bias in the level of education: The Dutch case]. Sociologische gids 44:155–179

Titel: Educational inequalities in mortality by cause of death: first national data for the Netherlands
verfasst von: Ivana Kulhánová
Rasmus Hoffmann
Terje A. Eikemo
Gwenn Menvielle
Johan P. Mackenbach
Publikationsdatum: 01.10.2014
Verlag: Springer Basel
Erschienen in: International Journal of Public Health / Ausgabe 5/2014
Print ISSN: 1661-8556
Elektronische ISSN: 1661-8564
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-014-0576-4

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2014

Demand-based web surveillance of sexually transmitted infections in Russia

The influence of (public) health expenditure on longevity

Could community pharmacies help to improve youth health? Service availability and views of pharmacy personnel in New Zealand

Status of cardiovascular health in a transition European country: findings from a population-based cross-sectional study

Adoption and compliance in second-hand smoking bans: a global econometric analysis

The association between social capital measures and self-reported health among Muslim majority nations