The first stage was to identify potential indicators that could be used to form the Child Safety Index. To do this, we conducted a literature search of PubMed using the initial search strategy of ‘safety’ AND ‘community’ AND ‘local’ AND ‘health’, which retrieved 147 abstracts. In addition to this, we conducted specific searches to find evidence relating specific injury types, as detailed by the Child Safety Report Card work carried out by the European Child Safety Alliance (MacKay and Vincenten
2012). These were: ‘poisoning’ AND ‘child’ AND ‘local’ (61 abstracts); ‘falls’ AND ‘child’ AND ‘local’ (44 abstracts); ‘water safety’ AND ‘child’ AND ‘local’ (4 abstracts); (‘moped’ OR ‘scooter’) AND ‘child’ AND ‘local’ (4 abstracts); ‘transport’ AND ‘child’ AND ‘local’ (14 abstracts). Papers were searched worldwide from the past 10 years. We also conducted searches of relevant literature to identify indicators from the Child Friendly Cities initiative (UNICEF
2014), the Child Health Indicators for Life and Development (CHILD) project (Rigby and Köhler
2002) and other European Union (EU) initiatives, including the EU-funded Child Safety Action Plan (MacKay and Vincenten
2007,
2010) and its Child Safety Report Card indicators (MacKay and Vincenten
2012), the Environmental Health Information System (ENHIS) (World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe
2014), the Child Environmental and Health Action Plan for Europe (CEHAPE) (World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe
2004), the Adolescence and Risk Taking (AdRISK) project (EuroSafe
2014), Children’s health and environment: a review of the evidence (Tamburlini et al.
2002), the European Report on Preventing Violence and Knife Crime Among Young People (Sethi et al.
2010b), the Health Evidence Network (HEN) (Health Evidence Network
2004), and Public Health Action for a Safer Europe (PHASE) (
2008). These, together with other indicators listed on the Research Inventory of Child Health in Europe (RICHE) project (
2014), were examined and all those relating to injury or safety were identified. All of the above projects contained indicators pertinent to children and to safety against injury, and all were based on scientific rationale and had defined data constructs and potential sources.