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01.09.2012 | Original Article

Differential effects of low-dose decitabine on immune effector and suppressor responses in melanoma-bearing mice

verfasst von: Pierre L. Triozzi, Wayne Aldrich, Susan Achberger, Selvarangan Ponnazhagan, Oscar Alcazar, Yogen Saunthararajah

Erschienen in: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy | Ausgabe 9/2012

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Abstract

Background

Low doses of the demethylating agent decitabine have been shown to enhance the sensitivity of tumors to immune effector cells and molecules through upregulation of tumor antigen presentation and apoptotic pathways. Effects on host immune effector and suppressor responses have not been well characterized.

Methods

Mice bearing B16 melanoma were treated with low-dose decitabine, cytokine, interleukin-2 (IL-2), toll-like receptor 9 agonist ODN1826, and/or a viral vectored vaccine targeting the melanoma antigen Trp2. Lymphoid and myeloid effector and suppressor cells were examined both systemically and intratumorally with functional, flow cytometric, and polymerase chain reaction–based assays.

Results

Enhancement of tumor growth delay was observed when decitabine was applied sequentially but not concurrently with IL-2. In contrast, complete responses and prolonged survival were observed when decitabine was applied with ODN1826 as therapy and with ODN1826 as a Trp2 vaccine adjuvant. Decitabine decreased natural killer and antigen-specific cellular immune responses when administered concurrently with IL-2 and with ODN1826; the Th1-associated transcription factor Tbet also decreased. T regulatory cells were not affected. When applied concurrently with ODN1826, decitabine increased macrophage cytotoxicity, M1 polarization, and dendritic cell activation. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells were reduced.

Conclusion

Low-dose decitabine promotes both anti- and pro-tumor host immune responses to immunotherapeutics in melanoma-bearing mice. Macrophage effector and dendritic cell activation increase, and myeloid suppressor cells decrease. Lymphoid effector responses, however, can be inhibited.

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Titel: Differential effects of low-dose decitabine on immune effector and suppressor responses in melanoma-bearing mice
verfasst von: Pierre L. Triozzi
Wayne Aldrich
Susan Achberger
Selvarangan Ponnazhagan
Oscar Alcazar
Yogen Saunthararajah
Publikationsdatum: 01.09.2012
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy / Ausgabe 9/2012
Print ISSN: 0340-7004
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-0851
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-012-1204-x

Springer Medizin

Differential effects of low-dose decitabine on immune effector and suppressor responses in melanoma-bearing mice