Introduction
Method
Study design
Setting
Participants
Variables
Statistical methods
Results
Descriptive data
Disc herniation | Spinal stenosis |
p value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | 48.2 (11.3) | 67.8 (7.4) | <0.001* |
Women, n (%) | 15 (51.7) | 27 (50.9) | 0.946 |
Pain duration back/leg >1 years, n (%) | 11 (40.7) | 41 (77.4) | 0.001* |
Pre-surgery | |||
ODI, mean (SD) | 40.2 (16.0) | 38.0 (14.7) | 0.550 |
VAS back pain last week, mean (SD) | 46.5 (28.3) | 49.6 (24.1) | 0.608 |
VAS leg pain last week, mean (SD) | 60.2 (21.2) | 54.8 (23.9) | 0.308 |
EQ-5D index, mean (SD) | 0.41 (0.29) | 0.42 (0.32) | 0.842 |
EQ-VAS, mean (SD) | 50.7 (22.0) | 51.2 (22.1) | 0.923 |
HADS anxiety, mean (SD) | 5.9 (4.1) | 5.6 (3.4) | 0.720 |
HADS depression, mean (SD) | 4.5 (3.5) | 4.3 (3.1) | 0.729 |
SES, mean (SD) | 125.1 (43.9) | 133.2 (39.7) | 0.421 |
3 months post-surgery | |||
ODI, mean (SD) | 24.4 (18.8) | 32.2 (16.8) | 0.058 |
VAS back pain last week, mean (SD) | 31.1 (31.2) | 32.6 (23.1) | 0.798 |
VAS leg pain last week, mean (SD) | 27.3 (31.5) | 28.6 (27.4) | 0.845 |
EQ-5D index, mean (SD) | 0.68 (0.26) | 0.61 (0.26) | 0.171 |
EQ-VAS, mean (SD) | 71.7 (20.9) | 65.6 (22.7) | 0.241 |
HADS anxiety, mean (SD) | 4.8 (3.4) | 4.5 (3.5) | 0.749 |
HADS depression, mean (SD) | 3.1 (3.0) | 3.6 (2.8) | 0.445 |
SES, mean (SD) | 153.6 (39.5) | 151.6 (34.5) | 0.822 |
Lumbar disc herniation
PPT pre-surgery versus patient-reported measures pre- and post-surgery
Dependent variables | PPT hand pre-surgery | CPT hand pre-surgery | HPT hand pre-surgery | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta (s) | Beta (u) | 95% CI |
R
2
| Beta (s) | Beta (u) | 95% CI |
R
2
| Beta (s) | Beta (u) | 95% CI |
R
2
| |
Pre-surgery | ||||||||||||
ODI pre-surgery |
−0.706
|
−0.079**
|
−0.133 to −0.026
|
0.330
|
0.481
|
1.813*
|
0.351 to 3.274
|
0.267
| −0.265 | −1.661 | −4.573 to 1.151 | 0.115 |
VAS back ain | −0.165 | −0.031 | −0.140 to 0.077 | 0.015 | 0.092 | 0.564 | −2.194 to 2.322 | 0.008 | 0.127 | 1.136 | −3.111 to 5.383 | 0.013 |
VAS leg pain | 0.060 | −0.037 | −0.116 to 0.042 | 0.060 | 0.145 | 0.666 | −1.358 to 2.691 | 0.043 | −0.037 | −0.249 | −3.402 to 2.903 | 0.026 |
EQ-5D index | 0.110 | 0.000 | −0.001 to 0.001 | 0.061 | 0.165 | 0.010 | −0.017 to 0.038 | 0.078 | −0.212 | −0.020 | −0.062 to 0.023 | 0.089 |
VAS EQ-5D | 0.455 | 0.070 | 0.007 to 0.147 | 0.269 | −0.277 | –1.290 | −3.212 to 0.631 | 0.222 | −0.286 | −1.944 | −4.947 to 1.085 | 0.217 |
HADS anxiety |
−0.461
|
−0.013*
|
−0.026 to 0.000
|
0.420
| 0.312 | 0.312 | −0.031 to 0.654 | 0.318 | −0.220 | −0.357 | −0.982 to 0.269 | 0.344 |
HADS depression |
−0.817
|
−0.020***
|
−0.029 to −0.010
|
0.511
| 0.276 | 0.208 | −0.097 to 0.514 | 0.222 | −0.220 | −0.244 | −0.726 to 0.238 | 0.194 |
SES |
0.693
|
0.192*
|
0.038 to 0.345
|
0.223
| −0.315 | −2.971 | −7.087 to 1.145 | 0.092 | 0.174 | 2.407 | −4.188 to 9.001 | 0.031 |
3 months post-surgery | ||||||||||||
ODI |
−0.572
|
−0.072*
|
−0.132 to −0.012
|
0.327
|
0.577
|
2.362**
|
0.984 to 3.740
|
0.440
| −0.130 | −0.771 | −3.356 to 1.814 | 0.173 |
VAS back pain | −0.475 | −0.099 | −0.211 to 0.013 | 0.135 |
0.650
|
4.404***
|
1.995 to 6.814
|
0.374
| 0.109 | 1.073 | −3.562 to 5.708 | 0.028 |
VAS leg pain |
−0.558
|
−0.117*
|
−0.226 to −0.009
|
0.196
|
0.527
|
3.607**
|
0.977 to 6.236
|
0.270
| −0.102 | −1.019 | −5.663 to 3.624 | 0.045 |
EQ-5D index | 0.317 | 0.001 | 0.000 to 0.001 | 0.174 | −0.132 | −0.007 | −0.031 to 0.016 | 0.138 | −0.044 | −0.004 | −0.040 to 0.033 | 0.124 |
VAS EQ-5D | 0.494 | 0.069 | −0.005 to 0.143 | 0.159 | −0.362 | –1.650 | −3.543 to 0.243 | 0.145 | −0.036 | −0.236 | −3.340 to 2.867 | 0.036 |
HADS anxiety | −0.425 | −0.010 | −0.022 to 0.002 | 0.291 | 0.153 | 0.111 | −0.196 to 0.417 | 0.219 | 0.005 | 0.005 | −0.463 to 0.472 | 0.200 |
HADS depression | −0.421 | −0.009 | −0.021 to 0.004 | 0.100 | 0.173 | 0.113 | −0.184 to 0.406 | 0.047 | 0.129 | 0.123 | −0.333 to 0.579 | 0.034 |
SES |
0.921
|
0.244***
|
0.128 to 0.361
|
0.468
|
−0.738
|
–7.091***
|
−10.243 to 3.940
|
0.502
| 0.178 | 2.722 | −4.399 to 9.843 | 0.058 |
CPT pre-surgery versus patient-reported measures pre- and post-surgery
HPT pre-surgery versus patient-reported measures pre- and post-surgery
Lumbar spinal stenosis
PPT pre-surgery versus patient-reported measures pre- and post-surgery
Dependent variables | PPT hand pre-surgery | CPT hand pre-surgery | HPT hand pre-surgery | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta (s) | Beta (u) | 95% CI |
R
2
| Beta (s) | Beta (u) | 95% CI |
R
2
| Beta (s) | Beta (u) | 95% CI |
R
2
| |
Pre-surgery | ||||||||||||
ODI | 0.297 | 0.028 | −0.009 to 0.065 | 0.077 | 0.127 | 0.553 | −0.667 to 1.782 | 0.048 | 0.139 | 0.695 | −0.760 to 2.150 | 0.050 |
VAS back pain | −0.111 | 0.017 | −0.044 to 0.79 | 0.034 | 0.142 | 1.014 | −1.003 to 3.030 | 0.048 | 0.070 | 0.571 | −1.836 to 2.978 | 0.032 |
VAS leg pain | −0.157 | −0.024 | −0.084 to 0.036 | 0.057 | 0.185 | 1.309 | −0.657 to 3.276 | 0.078 | −0.034 | −0.278 | −2.648 to 2.092 | 0.045 |
EQ-5D index | −0.068 | 0.000 | −0.001 to 0.001 | 0.027 | −0.153 | −0.014 | −0.041 to 0.012 | 0.048 | −0.051 | −0.006 | −0.039 to 0.027 | 0.027 |
VAS EQ-5D | −0.270 | −0.038 | −0.094 to 0.017 | 0.068 | 0.005 | 0.031 | −1.832 to 1.895 | 0.031 | −0.105 | −0.790 | −2.985 to 1.405 | 0.042 |
HADS anxiety | −0.070 | −0.002 | −0.010 to 0.007 | 0.043 |
0.338
|
0.347*
|
0.072 to 0.623
|
0.154
| −0.090 | −0.103 | −0.439 to 0.233 | 0.048 |
HADS depression | 0.058 | 0.001 | −0.007 to 0.009 | 0.022 | 0.008 | 0.007 | −0.266 to 0.281 | 0.020 | 0.180 | 0.190 | −0.119 to 0.500 | 0.050 |
SES | −0.167 | −0.043 | −0.161 to 0.075 | 0.038 | −0.083 | −1.016 | −4.907 to 2.875 | 0.031 | −0.096 | −1.353 | −5.967 to 3.261 | 0.033 |
3 months post-surgery | ||||||||||||
ODI | −0.179 | −0.019 | −0.062 to 0.023 | 0.059 | 0.031 | 0.155 | −1.258 to 1.567 | 0.042 | 0.127 | 0.721 | −0.933 to 2.375 | 0.057 |
VAS back pain | 0.199 | 0.030 | −0.029 to 0.088 | 0.050 | −0.032 | −0.221 | −2.171 to 1.728 | 0.031 | 0.149 | 1.172 | −1.114 to 3.458 | 0.050 |
VAS leg pain | −0.086 | −0.015 | −0.086 to 0.055 | 0.020 | 0.118 | 0.960 | −1.352 to 3.271 | 0.030 | 0.071 | 0.661 | −2.090 to 3.412 | 0.021 |
EQ-5D index | 0.323 | 0.001 | 0.000 to 0.001 | 0.118 | −0.212 | −0.016 | −0.038 to 0.005 | 0.110 | 0.236 | 0.021 | −0.004 to 0.046 | 0.117 |
VAS EQ-5D | 0.191 | 0.028 | −0.031 to 0.086 | 0.032 | 0.006 | 0.042 | −1.902 to 1.985 | 0.013 | −0.153 | −1.175 | 3.443 to 1.092 | 0.035 |
HADS anxiety |
−0.673
|
−0.015***
|
−0.024 to - 0.006
|
0.216
|
0.327
|
0.330*
|
0.043 to 0.617
|
0.114
| −0.245 | −0.284 | −0.640 to 0.072 | 0.063 |
HADS depression | −0.072 | −0.001 | −0 0.009 to 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.024 | 0.020 | −0.226 to 0.265 | 0.005 | 0.061 | 0.059 | −0.234 to 0.351 | 0.008 |
SES | −0.039 | −0.009 | −0.090 to 0.073 | 0.244 | −0.006 | −0.056 | −2.798 to 2.687 | 0.243 | −0.071 | −0.803 | −0.960 to 2.354 | 0.247 |