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Erschienen in: Der Onkologe 11/2015

01.11.2015 | Leitthema

Aktuelle Therapiekonzepte für lokale Cholangiokarzinome

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. D. Seehofer, T.B. Brunner, H. Wege

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 11/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Cholangiokarzinome (CCA) stellen ein komplexes Krankheitsbild dar, bei dem eine enge interdisziplinäre Kooperation unerlässlich ist.

Material und Methoden

Es erfolgten eine selektive Literaturrecherche sowie eine Darstellung der eigenen Erfahrungen in der Therapie von lokalen CCA.

Ergebnisse

Sofern CCA auf die Gallenwege und/oder die Leber beschränkt sind, ist die chirurgische Resektion die Therapie der Wahl. Allerdings ist dies nur in 30–40 % der Fälle möglich. Neoadjuvante Therapien spielen bei resektablen Befunden bisher keine Rolle. Dagegen kann bei lokaler Inoperabilität eine Chemo- und/oder Radiotherapie in Einzelfällen zu einer sekundären Resektabilität führen. Nach R0-Resektion ist der Lymphknotenstatus einer der wichtigsten Prognosefaktoren. So liegen bei perihilären CCA die Fünfjahresüberlebensraten bei negativen Lymphknoten bei 40–60 %, bei intrahepatischen CCA zwischen 30 % und 40 %. Lymphknotenmetastasen verschlechtert die Prognose deutlich (Fünfjahresüberleben < 20 %). Für eine generelle oder risikoadjustierte adjuvante Therapie fehlen bisher randomisierte Studien. Bei inoperablen, lokal begrenzten perihilären CCA kann eine lokale Reduktion der Tumormasse durch photodynamische Therapie oder transpapilläre Radiofrequenzablation den Galleabfluss verbessern. Bei Progress intrahepatischer CCA unter Chemotherapie liegen erste positive Ergebnisse für eine Radioembolisation vor. Diese kann ansonsten aufgrund fehlender randomisierter Studien noch nicht in einen standardisierten Therapiealgorithmus eingeordnet werden.

Schlussfolgerung

Aufgrund der Komplexität der Erkrankung und der weitgehend fehlenden kontrollierten Studien sollten Therapieentscheidungen in einem interdisziplinären Tumorboard getroffen werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Aktuelle Therapiekonzepte für lokale Cholangiokarzinome
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. D. Seehofer
T.B. Brunner
H. Wege
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Onkologie / Ausgabe 11/2015
Print ISSN: 2731-7226
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7234
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-015-2931-3

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