Introduction
Subjects and methods
Sampling and representativeness
Questionnaire
Statistical analyses
Ethical issues
Results
Questionnaire response rate
Age | Men % (95% CI) | Women % (95% CI) |
---|---|---|
20 | 30.3 (27.4–33.3) | 43.6 (40.4–46.9) |
25 | 30.7 (27.8–33.8) | 46.3 (43.1–49.6) |
30 | 38.8 (36.5–41.0) | 49.0 (46.8–51.3) |
35 | 42.5 (40.2–44.7) | 52.7 (50.4–54.9) |
40 | 50.7 (48.4–52.9) | 57.8 (55.6–60.0) |
45 | 51.7 (49.5–54.0) | 57.0 (54.8–59.2) |
50 | 54.1 (51.8–56.3) | 63.1 (61.0–65.3) |
55 | 59.0 (56.8–61.2) | 64.3 (62.2–66.4) |
60 | 60.1 (57.9–62.3) | 64.3 (62.2–66.4) |
65 | 70.6 (67.7–73.4) | 67.8 (64.8–70.7) |
70 | 70.3 (67.3–73.1) | 64.1 (61.0–67.1) |
75 | 64.5 (61.4–67.4) | 55.7 (52.5–58.8) |
80 | 55.0 (51.8–58.2) | 44.4 (41.3–47.6) |
Overall response rate | 51.9 (51.2–52.6) | 57.0 (56.3–57.7) |
Migraine
Age | Men % (95% CI) | Women % (95% CI) |
---|---|---|
20 | 21.8 (17.2–27.3) | 31.4 (26.9–36.4) |
25 | 22.6 (17.8–28.3) | 34.5 (30.0–39.4) |
30 | 20.5 (17.6–23.8) | 36.8 (33.6–40–1) |
35 | 21.8 (19.0–25.0) | 37.8 (34.7–40.9) |
40 | 22.0 (19.3–24.8) | 38.0 (35.1–41.0) |
45 | 20.6 (18.1–23.4) | 37.4 (34.5–40.4) |
50 | 18.3 (15.9–20.9) | 33.7 (31.0–36.5) |
55 | 18.4 (16.2–20.9) | 35.4 (32.7–38.3) |
60 | 18.0 (15.8–20.4) | 34.8 (32.2–37.6) |
65 | 14.1 (11.6–17.1) | 31.0 (27.4–34.8) |
70 | 11.6 (9.3–14.4) | 25.9 (22.5–29.7) |
75 | 13.5 (10.9–16.5) | 24.3 (20.7–28.3) |
80 | 10.9 (8.4–14.0) | 27.2 (22.9–31.9) |
Overall prevalence | 18.1 (17.3–18.9) | 34.1 (33.2–35.0) |
Headache
Age (years) |
N
| No headache | Infrequent headache | Frequent headache | Chronic headache | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 days (%) | 1–11 days (%) | 12–30 days (%) | 31–84 days (%) | 85–179 days (%) | ≥180 days (%) | ||
No migraine
| |||||||
Men | |||||||
20 | 202 | 19.3 | 55.0 | 21.3 | 4.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 |
25 | 197 | 15.7 | 56.9 | 17.8 | 8.6 | 1.0 | 0.0 |
30 | 512 | 14.8 | 53.1 | 19.9 | 8.0 | 2.7 | 1.4 |
35 | 563 | 15.5 | 56.1 | 14.9 | 8.2 | 3.0 | 2.3 |
40 | 674 | 16.3 | 55.0 | 16.2 | 8.0 | 4.0 | 0.4 |
45 | 700 | 20.4 | 55.6 | 12.1 | 7.7 | 3.1 | 1.0 |
50 | 754 | 27.9 | 50.0 | 12.9 | 5.4 | 2.4 | 1.5 |
55 | 830 | 35.3 | 45.3 | 11.9 | 4.1 | 1.6 | 1.8 |
60 | 858 | 41.7 | 42.8 | 9.0 | 3.6 | 1.7 | 1.2 |
65 | 517 | 50.1 | 39.7 | 6.6 | 2.1 | 0.2 | 1.4 |
70 | 521 | 56.8 | 33.0 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 0.8 |
75 | 473 | 63.8 | 25.6 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 1.1 | 0.6 |
80 | 395 | 74.7 | 15.2 | 3.3 | 4.1 | 1.3 | 1.5 |
Total | 7,196 | 34.7 | 45.2 | 11.4 | 5.5 | 2.0 | 1.2 |
Women | |||||||
20 | 255 | 5.1 | 47.1 | 25.5 | 14.1 | 7.8 | 0.4 |
25 | 262 | 7.3 | 45.4 | 28.2 | 11.5 | 5.7 | 1.9 |
30 | 528 | 8.9 | 47.2 | 23.9 | 11.6 | 5.9 | 2.7 |
35 | 575 | 6.8 | 45.2 | 24.2 | 13.9 | 6.8 | 3.1 |
40 | 646 | 6.8 | 46.4 | 26.0 | 12.4 | 6.2 | 2.2 |
45 | 644 | 10.7 | 46.7 | 24.2 | 12.4 | 3.4 | 2.5 |
50 | 739 | 14.6 | 51.3 | 20.6 | 7.8 | 3.8 | 1.9 |
55 | 711 | 22.6 | 48.8 | 15.5 | 8.6 | 3.1 | 1.4 |
60 | 723 | 23.9 | 51.0 | 12.6 | 6.9 | 3.0 | 2.5 |
65 | 399 | 34.6 | 39.3 | 11.8 | 9.0 | 3.5 | 1.8 |
70 | 400 | 45.0 | 35.0 | 10.8 | 6.3 | 1.3 | 1.8 |
75 | 348 | 51.4 | 33.9 | 7.8 | 5.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
80 | 236 | 61.4 | 21.6 | 8.1 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 3.0 |
Total | 6,466 | 20.3 | 45.0 | 18.8 | 9.7 | 4.1 | 2.1 |
Co-occurrence of migraine
| |||||||
Men
| |||||||
20 | 60 | 1.7 | 38.3 | 33.3 | 18.3 | 5.0 | 3.3 |
25 | 60 | 3.3 | 36.7 | 31.7 | 18.3 | 8.3 | 1.7 |
30 | 138 | 3.6 | 28.3 | 26.8 | 29.0 | 6.5 | 5.8 |
35 | 162 | 3.7 | 34.6 | 35.8 | 17.3 | 4.9 | 3.7 |
40 | 197 | 3.0 | 33.5 | 28.9 | 18.3 | 11.2 | 5.1 |
45 | 191 | 2.1 | 35.6 | 24.1 | 23.0 | 8.9 | 6.3 |
50 | 175 | 5.7 | 32.0 | 31.4 | 17.1 | 10.3 | 3.4 |
55 | 193 | 13.0 | 37.8 | 24.4 | 14.0 | 7.3 | 3.6 |
60 | 196 | 13.8 | 47.4 | 16.3 | 9.7 | 7.7 | 5.1 |
65 | 87 | 19.5 | 50.6 | 13.8 | 11.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
70 | 70 | 27.1 | 42.9 | 15.7 | 10.0 | 4.3 | 0.0 |
75 | 74 | 33.8 | 25.7 | 14.9 | 17.6 | 4.1 | 4.1 |
80 | 49 | 30.6 | 42.9 | 10.2 | 14.3 | 0.0 | 2.0 |
Total | 1,652 | 9.8 | 36.9 | 24.8 | 17.1 | 7.2 | 4.1 |
Women | |||||||
20 | 117 | 0.9 | 24.8 | 21.4 | 30.8 | 14.5 | 7.7 |
25 | 142 | 0.0 | 24.6 | 30.3 | 24.6 | 15.5 | 4.9 |
30 | 323 | 1.9 | 22.9 | 31.6 | 26.0 | 10.5 | 7.1 |
35 | 359 | 0.6 | 22.3 | 25.1 | 30.1 | 15.3 | 6.7 |
40 | 411 | 1.0 | 19.5 | 27.3 | 29.7 | 13.1 | 9.5 |
45 | 392 | 2.0 | 22.2 | 31.9 | 25.5 | 10.7 | 7.7 |
50 | 383 | 3.4 | 27.9 | 25.8 | 22.5 | 13.1 | 7.3 |
55 | 405 | 5.4 | 33.1 | 28.1 | 21.0 | 7.9 | 4.4 |
60 | 408 | 8.3 | 39.0 | 21.6 | 16.9 | 7.4 | 6.9 |
65 | 181 | 15.5 | 37.0 | 23.2 | 13.3 | 7.2 | 3.9 |
70 | 146 | 26.7 | 32.2 | 18.5 | 17.8 | 2.7 | 2.1 |
75 | 112 | 31.3 | 34.8 | 11.6 | 12.5 | 4.5 | 5.4 |
80 | 92 | 39.1 | 21.7 | 13.0 | 16.3 | 5.4 | 4.3 |
Total | 3,471 | 6.6 | 27.6 | 25.7 | 23.2 | 10.5 | 6.5 |
Age and migraine | Men | Women | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds ratios | 95% CI | P values | Odds ratios | 95% CI | P values | |
1–11 days
| ||||||
20 | 0.879 | 0.583–1.324 | 0.537 | 1.384 | 0.741–2.587 | 0.308 |
25 | 1.069 | 0.693–1.649 | 0.764 | 1.036 | 0.589–1.820 | 0.903 |
30 | 1.031 | 0.749–1.420 | 0.850 | 0.768 | 0.505–1.167 | 0.216 |
35 | 1.062 | 0.782–1.444 | 0.700 | 1.051 | 0.675–1.635 | 0.827 |
40 | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – |
45 | 0.826 | 0.626–1.090 | 0.176 | 0.634 | 0.430–0.934 | 0.021 |
50 | 0.527 | 0.405–0.684 | <0.001 | 0.508 | 0.354–0.729 | <0.001 |
55 | 0.373 | 0.290–0.480 | <0.001 | 0.325 | 0.230–0.459 | <0.001 |
60 | 0.312 | 0.244–0.400 | <0.001 | 0.313 | 0.223–0.441 | <0.001 |
65 | 0.239 | 0.183–0.313 | <0.001 | 0.169 | 0.117–0.242 | <0.001 |
70 | 0.173 | 0.132–0.227 | <0.001 | 0.107 | 0.075–0.154 | <0.001 |
75 | 0.113 | 0.085–0.151 | <0.001 | 0.092 | 0.064–0.133 | <0.001 |
80 | 0.070 | 0.051–0.096 | <0.001 | 0.048 | 0.032–0.073 | <0.001 |
Migraine | 2.877 | 2.385–3.470 | <0.001 | 1.981 | 1.679–2.337 | <0.001 |
No migraine | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – |
12–30 days
| ||||||
20 | 1.065 | 0.664–1.708 | 0.793 | 1.198 | 0.629–2.281 | 0.583 |
25 | 1.117 | 0.675–1.847 | 0.667 | 1.090 | 0.612–1.942 | 0.769 |
30 | 1.241 | 0.858–1.793 | 0.252 | 0.732 | 0.476–1.127 | 0.157 |
35 | 1.068 | 0.746–1.530 | 0.719 | 0.965 | 0.612–1.521 | 0.879 |
40 | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – |
45 | 0.624 | 0.444–0.877 | 0.007 | 0.619 | 0.415–0.923 | 0.019 |
50 | 0.494 | 0.358–0.680 | <0.001 | 0.357 | 0.244–0.521 | <0.001 |
55 | 0.317 | 0.231–0.434 | <0.001 | 0.198 | 0.137–0.286 | <0.001 |
60 | 0.190 | 0.137–0.263 | <0.001 | 0.138 | 0.095–0.199 | <0.001 |
65 | 0.116 | 0.078–0.173 | <0.001 | 0.089 | 0.059–0.134 | <0.001 |
70 | 0.079 | 0.051–0.121 | <0.001 | 0.054 | 0.036–0.082 | <0.001 |
75 | 0.070 | 0.045–0.109 | <0.001 | 0.032 | 0.020–0.051 | <0.001 |
80 | 0.042 | 0.024–0.071 | <0.001 | 0.028 | 0.017–0.045 | <0.001 |
Migraine | 7.666 | 6.230–9.433 | <0.001 | 4.523 | 3.797–5.387 | <0.001 |
No migraine | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – |
31–84 days
| ||||||
20 | 0.587 | 0.314–1.096 | 0.094 | 1.389 | 0.717–2.691 | 0.330 |
25 | 1.060 | 0.589–1.909 | 0.846 | 0.854 | 0.464–1.569 | 0.610 |
30 | 1.348 | 0.884–2.058 | 0.166 | 0.643 | 0.409–1.012 | 0.056 |
35 | 1.027 | 0.674–1.564 | 0.901 | 1.103 | 0.690–1.762 | 0.682 |
40 | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – |
45 | 0.861 | 0.586–1.266 | 0.447 | 0.546 | 0.359–0.832 | 0.005 |
50 | 0.428 | 0.289–0.635 | <0.001 | 0.284 | 0.190–0.426 | <0.001 |
55 | 0.243 | 0.163–0.362 | <0.001 | 0.174 | 0.118–0.257 | <0.001 |
60 | 0.158 | 0.105–0.239 | <0.001 | 0.122 | 0.082–0.182 | <0.001 |
65 | 0.097 | 0.057–0.166 | <0.001 | 0.082 | 0.053–0.128 | <0.001 |
70 | 0.121 | 0.074–0.197 | <0.001 | 0.054 | 0.035–0.085 | <0.001 |
75 | 0.129 | 0.081–0.206 | <0.001 | 0.037 | 0.023–0.061 | <0.001 |
80 | 0.099 | 0.059–0.166 | <0.001 | 0.027 | 0.016–0.048 | <0.001 |
Migraine | 11.168 | 8.896–14.021 | <0.001 | 7.978 | 6.633–9.596 | <0.001 |
No migraine | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – |
85–179 days
| ||||||
20 | 0.226 | 0.076–0.672 | 0.007 | 1.542 | 0.755–3.151 | 0.235 |
25 | 0.486 | 0.199–1.185 | 0.112 | 1.046 | 0.540–2.028 | 0.893 |
30 | 0.706 | 0.396–1.260 | 0.239 | 0.620 | 0.372–1.031 | 0.066 |
35 | 0.637 | 0.363–1.118 | 0.116 | 1.186 | 0.711–1.979 | 0.514 |
40 | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – |
45 | 0.630 | 0.384–1.033 | 0.067 | 0.417 | 0.256–0.679 | <0.001 |
50 | 0.400 | 0.244–0.655 | <0.001 | 0.331 | 0.210–0.522 | <0.001 |
55 | 0.197 | 0.117–0.333 | <0.001 | 0.138 | 0.086–0.220 | <0.001 |
60 | 0.174 | 0.104–0.289 | <0.001 | 0.114 | 0.072–0.183 | <0.001 |
65 | 0.026 | 0.008–0.084 | <0.001 | 0.079 | 0.046–0.137 | <0.001 |
70 | 0.064 | 0.029–0.140 | <0.001 | 0.021 | 0.010–0.044 | <0.001 |
75 | 0.058 | 0.026–0.126 | <0.001 | 0.017 | 0.007–0.038 | <0.001 |
80 | 0.040 | 0.015–0.103 | <0.001 | 0.028 | 0.014–0.057 | <0.001 |
Migraine | 12.664 | 9.413–17.037 | <0.001 | 8.552 | 6.856–10.667 | <0.001 |
No migraine | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – |
≥180 days
| ||||||
20 | 0.426 | 0.092–1.984 | 0.277 | 0.751 | 0.303–1.862 | 0.536 |
25 | 0.262 | 0.033–2.084 | 0.205 | 0.605 | 0.264–1.388 | 0.236 |
30 | 1.733 | 0.778–3.861 | 0.178 | 0.625 | 0.349–1.117 | 0.113 |
35 | 1.826 | 0.852–3.912 | 0.122 | 0.941 | 0.523–1.695 | 0.839 |
40 | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – |
45 | 1.156 | 0.545–2.452 | 0.705 | 0.531 | 0.309–0.913 | 0.022 |
50 | 0.711 | 0.332–1.523 | 0.381 | 0.316 | 0.186–0.539 | <0.001 |
55 | 0.606 | 0.294–1.250 | 0.175 | 0.126 | 0.071–0.221 | <0.001 |
60 | 0.437 | 0.210–0.912 | 0.027 | 0.177 | 0.106–0.296 | <0.001 |
65 | 0.289 | 0.119–0.699 | 0.006 | 0.073 | 0.037–0.143 | <0.001 |
70 | 0.120 | 0.038–0.378 | <0.001 | 0.041 | 0.019–0.086 | <0.001 |
75 | 0.163 | 0.060–0.442 | <0.001 | 0.034 | 0.015–0.076 | <0.001 |
80 | 0.209 | 0.080–0.541 | 0.001 | 0.049 | 0.024–0.103 | <0.001 |
Migraine | 12.169 | 8.498–17.425 | <0.001 | 10.358 | 7.967–13.467 | <0.001 |
No migraine | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – |
Dependent variable | Coefficients of regression model | P values |
R
2
| |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
b
0
|
b
1
|
b
2
|
b
3
| |||
No migraine
| ||||||
Men | ||||||
0 days | 30.43 | −1.12 | 0.02 | – | <0.001 | 0.988 |
1–11 days | 39.34 | 1.07 | −0.02 | – | <0.001 | 0.985 |
12–30 days | 27.03 | −0.30 | – | – | <0.001 | 0.957 |
31–84 days | −19.05 | 1.94 | −0.04 | 0.0003 | <0.001 | 0.869 |
85–179 days | −15.38 | 1.20 | −0.02 | 0.0001 | <0.001 | 0.855 |
≥180 days | −5.54 | 0.40 | −0.01 | 0.00004 | 0.197 | 0.390 |
Women | ||||||
0 days | 23.04 | −1.21 | 0.02 | – | <0.001 | 0.991 |
1–11 days | 22.88 | 1.32 | −0.016 | – | <0.001 | 0.835 |
12–30 days | 29.49 | −0.03 | −0.003 | – | <0.001 | 0.924 |
31–84 days | 17.41 | −0.16 | – | – | <0.001 | 0.822 |
85–179 days | 9.20 | −0.10 | – | – | <0.001 | 0.821 |
≥180 days | −9.89 | 0.83 | −0.02 | 0.0001 | 0.056 | 0.550 |
Co-occurrence of migraine
| ||||||
Men | ||||||
0 days | 11.55 | −0.62 | 0.01 | – | <0.001 | 0.949 |
1–11 days | 89.72 | −4.18 | 0.09 | −0.001 | 0.306 | 0.317 |
12–30 days | 43.30 | −0.39 | – | – | <0.001 | 0.804 |
31–84 days | −19.61 | 3.15 | −0.07 | 0.0005 | 0.036 | 0.596 |
85–179 days | −2.99 | 0.54 | −0.006 | – | 0.005 | 0.660 |
≥180 days | −0.004 | 0.20 | −0.002 | – | 0.199 | 0.276 |
Women | ||||||
0 days | 21.80 | −1.33 | 0.02 | – | <0.001 | 0.980 |
1–11 days | 94.78 | −5.62 | 0.13 | −0.001 | <0.001 | 0.832 |
12–30 days | 11.94 | 0.87 | −0.01 | – | <0.001 | 0.809 |
31–84 days | 36.41 | −0.29 | – | – | <0.001 | 0.778 |
85–179 days | 19.68 | −0.20 | – | – | <0.001 | 0.796 |
≥180 days | 9.00 | −0.06 | – | – | 0.037 | 0.338 |