Skip to main content
Erschienen in: AIDS and Behavior 2/2010

01.04.2010

Religious Coping and Physiological, Psychological, Social, and Spiritual Outcomes in Patients with HIV/AIDS: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Findings

verfasst von: Kelly M. Trevino, Kenneth I. Pargament, Sian Cotton, Anthony C. Leonard, June Hahn, Carol Ann Caprini-Faigin, Joel Tsevat

Erschienen in: AIDS and Behavior | Ausgabe 2/2010

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The present study investigated the relationships between positive religious coping (e.g., seeking spiritual support) and spiritual struggle (e.g., anger at God) versus viral load, CD4 count, quality of life, HIV symptoms, depression, self-esteem, social support, and spiritual well-being in 429 patients with HIV/AIDS. Data were collected through patient interview and chart review at baseline and 12–18 months later from four clinical sites. At baseline, positive religious coping was associated with positive outcomes while spiritual struggle was associated with negative outcomes. In addition, high levels of positive religious coping and low levels of spiritual struggle were associated with small but significant improvements over time. These results have implications for assessing religious coping and designing interventions targeting spiritual struggle in patients with HIV/AIDS.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Andresen, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B., & Patrick, D. L. (1994). Screening for depression in well older adults: Evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 10, 77–84. Andresen, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B., & Patrick, D. L. (1994). Screening for depression in well older adults: Evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 10, 77–84.
Zurück zum Zitat Avants, S. K., Beitel, M., & Margolin, A. (2005). Making the shift from ‘addict self’ to ‘spiritual self’: Results from a stage I study of Spiritual Self-Schema (3-S) therapy for the treatment of addiction and HIV risk behavior. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 8, 167–177.CrossRef Avants, S. K., Beitel, M., & Margolin, A. (2005). Making the shift from ‘addict self’ to ‘spiritual self’: Results from a stage I study of Spiritual Self-Schema (3-S) therapy for the treatment of addiction and HIV risk behavior. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 8, 167–177.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bormann, J. E., Gifford, A. L., Shively, M., Smith, T. L., Redwine, L., Kelly, A., et al. (2006). Effects of spiritual mantram repetition on HIV outcomes: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29, 359–376.CrossRefPubMed Bormann, J. E., Gifford, A. L., Shively, M., Smith, T. L., Redwine, L., Kelly, A., et al. (2006). Effects of spiritual mantram repetition on HIV outcomes: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29, 359–376.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Brady, M. J., Peterman, A. H., Fitchett, G., & Cella, D. (1999). The expanded version of the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy – spiritual well-being scale (FACIT-SP-Ex): Initial report of psychometric properties. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 21, 129. Brady, M. J., Peterman, A. H., Fitchett, G., & Cella, D. (1999). The expanded version of the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy – spiritual well-being scale (FACIT-SP-Ex): Initial report of psychometric properties. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 21, 129.
Zurück zum Zitat Cohen, S., Mermelstein, R., Kamarck, T., & Hoberman, S. (1985). Measuring the functional components of social support. In I. Sarason & B. Sarason (Eds.), Social support: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 73–94). The Hague, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff. Cohen, S., Mermelstein, R., Kamarck, T., & Hoberman, S. (1985). Measuring the functional components of social support. In I. Sarason & B. Sarason (Eds.), Social support: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 73–94). The Hague, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff.
Zurück zum Zitat Coleman, C. L. (2004). The contribution of religious and existential well-being to depression among African American heterosexuals with HIV infection. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 25, 103–110.CrossRefPubMed Coleman, C. L. (2004). The contribution of religious and existential well-being to depression among African American heterosexuals with HIV infection. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 25, 103–110.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Corless, I. B. (2002). The HIV-AIDS patient: Holier than thou. In R. B. Gilbert (Ed.), Health care and spirituality: Listening, assessing, caring (pp. 189–200). Amityville: Baywood Publishing Company, Inc. Corless, I. B. (2002). The HIV-AIDS patient: Holier than thou. In R. B. Gilbert (Ed.), Health care and spirituality: Listening, assessing, caring (pp. 189–200). Amityville: Baywood Publishing Company, Inc.
Zurück zum Zitat Cotton, S., Puchalski, C. M., Sherman, S. N., Mrus, J. M., Peterman, A. H., Feinberg, J., et al. (2006). Spirituality and religion in patients with HIV/AIDS. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21, S5–S13.CrossRefPubMed Cotton, S., Puchalski, C. M., Sherman, S. N., Mrus, J. M., Peterman, A. H., Feinberg, J., et al. (2006). Spirituality and religion in patients with HIV/AIDS. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21, S5–S13.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Cotton, S., Tsevat, J., Szaflarski, M., Kudel, I., Sherman, S. N., Feinberg, J., et al. (2006). Changes in religiousness and spirituality attributed to HIV/AIDS: Are there sex and race differences? Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(Supplement 5), S14–S20.CrossRefPubMed Cotton, S., Tsevat, J., Szaflarski, M., Kudel, I., Sherman, S. N., Feinberg, J., et al. (2006). Changes in religiousness and spirituality attributed to HIV/AIDS: Are there sex and race differences? Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(Supplement 5), S14–S20.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Fitchett, G., Murphy, P. E., Kim, J., Gibbons, J. L., Cameron, J. R., & Davis, J. A. (2004). Religious struggle: Prevalence, correlates, and mental health risks in diabetic, congestive heart failure, and oncology patients. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 34, 179–196.CrossRefPubMed Fitchett, G., Murphy, P. E., Kim, J., Gibbons, J. L., Cameron, J. R., & Davis, J. A. (2004). Religious struggle: Prevalence, correlates, and mental health risks in diabetic, congestive heart failure, and oncology patients. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 34, 179–196.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Fitchett, G., Rybarczyk, B. D., DeMarco, G. A., & Nicholas, J. J. (1999). The role of religion in medical rehabilitation outcomes: A longitudinal study. Rehabilitation Psychology, 44, 333–353.CrossRef Fitchett, G., Rybarczyk, B. D., DeMarco, G. A., & Nicholas, J. J. (1999). The role of religion in medical rehabilitation outcomes: A longitudinal study. Rehabilitation Psychology, 44, 333–353.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Flannelly, L. T., & Inouye, J. (2001). Relationships of religion, health status, and socioeconomic status to the quality of life of individuals who are HIV positive. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 22, 253–272.CrossRefPubMed Flannelly, L. T., & Inouye, J. (2001). Relationships of religion, health status, and socioeconomic status to the quality of life of individuals who are HIV positive. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 22, 253–272.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Frame, M. W., Uphold, C. R., Shehan, C. L., & Reid, K. J. (2005). Effects of spirituality on health-related quality of life in men with HIV/AIDS: Implications for counseling. Counseling and Values, 50, 5–19. Frame, M. W., Uphold, C. R., Shehan, C. L., & Reid, K. J. (2005). Effects of spirituality on health-related quality of life in men with HIV/AIDS: Implications for counseling. Counseling and Values, 50, 5–19.
Zurück zum Zitat Guillory, J. A., Sowell, R., Moneyham, L., & Seals, B. (1997). An exploration of the meaning and use of spirituality among women with HIV/AIDS. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 3, 55–60.CrossRefPubMed Guillory, J. A., Sowell, R., Moneyham, L., & Seals, B. (1997). An exploration of the meaning and use of spirituality among women with HIV/AIDS. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 3, 55–60.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hall, B. A. (1998). Patterns of spirituality in persons with advanced HIV disease. Research in Nursing and Health, 21, 143–153.CrossRefPubMed Hall, B. A. (1998). Patterns of spirituality in persons with advanced HIV disease. Research in Nursing and Health, 21, 143–153.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Harrison, M. O., Koenig, H. G., Hays, J. C., Eme-Akwari, A. G., & Pargament, K. I. (2001). The epidemiology of religious coping: A review of recent literature. International Review of Psychiatry, 13, 86–93.CrossRef Harrison, M. O., Koenig, H. G., Hays, J. C., Eme-Akwari, A. G., & Pargament, K. I. (2001). The epidemiology of religious coping: A review of recent literature. International Review of Psychiatry, 13, 86–93.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Holmes, W. C., & Shea, J. A. (1998). A new HIV/AIDS-targeted quality of life (HAT-QoL) instrument: Development, reliability, and validity. Medical Care, 36, 138–154.CrossRefPubMed Holmes, W. C., & Shea, J. A. (1998). A new HIV/AIDS-targeted quality of life (HAT-QoL) instrument: Development, reliability, and validity. Medical Care, 36, 138–154.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Holt, J. L., Houg, B. L., & Romano, J. L. (1999). Spiritual wellness for clients HIV/AIDS: Review of counseling issues. Journal of Counseling and Development, 77, 160–170. Holt, J. L., Houg, B. L., & Romano, J. L. (1999). Spiritual wellness for clients HIV/AIDS: Review of counseling issues. Journal of Counseling and Development, 77, 160–170.
Zurück zum Zitat Ironson, G., Stuezle, R., & Fletcher, M. A. (2006). An increase in religiousness/spirituality occurs after HIV diagnosis and predicts slower disease progression over 4 years in people with HIV. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21, S62–S68.CrossRefPubMed Ironson, G., Stuezle, R., & Fletcher, M. A. (2006). An increase in religiousness/spirituality occurs after HIV diagnosis and predicts slower disease progression over 4 years in people with HIV. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21, S62–S68.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Ironson, G., Stuezle, R., Fletcher, M. A., & Ironson, D. (2006). View of god is associated with disease progression in HIV [abstract]. Annuls of Behavioral Medicine, 31(Suppl), S074. Ironson, G., Stuezle, R., Fletcher, M. A., & Ironson, D. (2006). View of god is associated with disease progression in HIV [abstract]. Annuls of Behavioral Medicine, 31(Suppl), S074.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacobson, C. J. Jr., Luckhaupt, S. E., Delaney, S., & Tsevat, J. (2006). Religio-biography, coping, and meaning-making among persons with HIV/AIDS. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 45, 39–56.CrossRef Jacobson, C. J. Jr., Luckhaupt, S. E., Delaney, S., & Tsevat, J. (2006). Religio-biography, coping, and meaning-making among persons with HIV/AIDS. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 45, 39–56.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jenkins, R. A. (1995). Religion and HIV: Implications for research and intervention. Journal of Social Issues, 51, 131–144.CrossRef Jenkins, R. A. (1995). Religion and HIV: Implications for research and intervention. Journal of Social Issues, 51, 131–144.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jones, J. W. (1991). Contemporary psychoanalysis and religion: Transference and transcendence. New Haven: Yale University Press. Jones, J. W. (1991). Contemporary psychoanalysis and religion: Transference and transcendence. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Justice, A. C., Holmes, W., Gifford, A. L., Rabeneck, L., Zackin, R., Sinclair, G., et al. (2001). Development and validation of a self-completed HIV symptom index. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 54(supplement), S77–S90.CrossRefPubMed Justice, A. C., Holmes, W., Gifford, A. L., Rabeneck, L., Zackin, R., Sinclair, G., et al. (2001). Development and validation of a self-completed HIV symptom index. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 54(supplement), S77–S90.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Koenig, H., Parkerson, G. R., & Meador, K. G. (1997). Religion index for psychiatric research. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 885–886.PubMed Koenig, H., Parkerson, G. R., & Meador, K. G. (1997). Religion index for psychiatric research. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 885–886.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Margolin, A., Beitel, M., Schuman-Olivier, Z., & Avants, S. K. (2006). A controlled study of a spiritually-focused intervention for increasing motivation for HIV prevention among drug users. AIDS Education and Prevention, 18, 311–322.CrossRefPubMed Margolin, A., Beitel, M., Schuman-Olivier, Z., & Avants, S. K. (2006). A controlled study of a spiritually-focused intervention for increasing motivation for HIV prevention among drug users. AIDS Education and Prevention, 18, 311–322.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Meisenhelder, J. B., & Marcum, J. P. (2004). Responses of clergy to 9/11: Posttraumatic stress, coping, and religious outcomes. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 43, 547–554.CrossRef Meisenhelder, J. B., & Marcum, J. P. (2004). Responses of clergy to 9/11: Posttraumatic stress, coping, and religious outcomes. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 43, 547–554.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Menz, R. L. (1987). Aiding those with AIDS: A mission for the church. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 6, 5–18. Menz, R. L. (1987). Aiding those with AIDS: A mission for the church. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 6, 5–18.
Zurück zum Zitat Pargament, K. I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. New York: The Guilford Press. Pargament, K. I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. New York: The Guilford Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Pargament, K. I., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. M. (2000). The many methods of religious coping: Development and initial validation of the RCOPE. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56, 519–543.CrossRefPubMed Pargament, K. I., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. M. (2000). The many methods of religious coping: Development and initial validation of the RCOPE. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56, 519–543.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Pargament, K. I., Koenig, H. G., Tarakeshwar, N., & Hahn, J. (2004). Religious coping methods as predictors of psychological, physical and spiritual outcomes among medically ill elderly patients: A longitudinal study. Journal of Health Psychology, 9, 713–730.CrossRefPubMed Pargament, K. I., Koenig, H. G., Tarakeshwar, N., & Hahn, J. (2004). Religious coping methods as predictors of psychological, physical and spiritual outcomes among medically ill elderly patients: A longitudinal study. Journal of Health Psychology, 9, 713–730.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Pargament, K. I., McCarthy, S., Shah, P., Ano, G., Tarakeshwar, N., Wachholtz, A., et al. (2004). Religion and HIV: A review of the literature and clinical implications. Southern Medical Journal, 97, 1201–1209.CrossRefPubMed Pargament, K. I., McCarthy, S., Shah, P., Ano, G., Tarakeshwar, N., Wachholtz, A., et al. (2004). Religion and HIV: A review of the literature and clinical implications. Southern Medical Journal, 97, 1201–1209.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Pargament, K. I., Murray-Swank, N., Magyar, G. M., & Ano, G. (2005). Spiritual struggle: A phenomenon of interest to psychology and religion. In W. R. Miller & H. D. Delaney (Eds.), Judeo-Christian perspectives on psychology: Human nature, motivation, and change (pp. 245–268). Washington: American Psychological Association.CrossRef Pargament, K. I., Murray-Swank, N., Magyar, G. M., & Ano, G. (2005). Spiritual struggle: A phenomenon of interest to psychology and religion. In W. R. Miller & H. D. Delaney (Eds.), Judeo-Christian perspectives on psychology: Human nature, motivation, and change (pp. 245–268). Washington: American Psychological Association.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pargament, K. I., Smith, B. W., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. (1998). Patterns of positive and negative religious coping with major life stressors. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37, 710–724.CrossRef Pargament, K. I., Smith, B. W., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. (1998). Patterns of positive and negative religious coping with major life stressors. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37, 710–724.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Parsons, S. K., Cruise, P. L., Davenport, W. M., & Jones, V. (2006). Religious beliefs, practices and treatment adherence among individuals with HIV in the sourthern United States. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 20, 97–111.CrossRefPubMed Parsons, S. K., Cruise, P. L., Davenport, W. M., & Jones, V. (2006). Religious beliefs, practices and treatment adherence among individuals with HIV in the sourthern United States. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 20, 97–111.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Prest, L. A., & Robinson, W. D. (2006). Systemic assessment and treatment of depression and anxiety in families. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 25, 4–24.CrossRef Prest, L. A., & Robinson, W. D. (2006). Systemic assessment and treatment of depression and anxiety in families. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 25, 4–24.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401.CrossRef Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ramer, L., Johnson, D., Chan, L., & Barrett, M. T. (2006). The effect of HIV/AIDS disease progression on spirituality and self-transcendence in a multicultural population. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 17, 280–289.CrossRefPubMed Ramer, L., Johnson, D., Chan, L., & Barrett, M. T. (2006). The effect of HIV/AIDS disease progression on spirituality and self-transcendence in a multicultural population. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 17, 280–289.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Rizzuto, A. M. (1979). The birth of the living God: A psychoanalytic study. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Rizzuto, A. M. (1979). The birth of the living God: A psychoanalytic study. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Robinson, J., & Shaver, P. R. (1969). Measuring Social Psychological Attitudes. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research. Robinson, J., & Shaver, P. R. (1969). Measuring Social Psychological Attitudes. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research.
Zurück zum Zitat Simoni, J. M., Martone, M. G., & Kerwin, J. F. (2002). Spirituality and psychological adaptation among women with HIV/AIDS: Implications for counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49, 139–147.CrossRef Simoni, J. M., Martone, M. G., & Kerwin, J. F. (2002). Spirituality and psychological adaptation among women with HIV/AIDS: Implications for counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49, 139–147.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Simoni, J. M., & Ortiz, M. Z. (2003). Mediational models of spirituality and depressive symptomatology among HIV-positive Puerto Rican women. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 9, 3–15.CrossRefPubMed Simoni, J. M., & Ortiz, M. Z. (2003). Mediational models of spirituality and depressive symptomatology among HIV-positive Puerto Rican women. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 9, 3–15.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Somlai, A. M., Heckman, T. G. (2000). Correlates of spirituality and well-being in a community sample of people living with HIV disease. Mental Health, Religion, and Culture, 3, 57–70.CrossRef Somlai, A. M., Heckman, T. G. (2000). Correlates of spirituality and well-being in a community sample of people living with HIV disease. Mental Health, Religion, and Culture, 3, 57–70.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sowell, R., Moneyham, L., Hennessy, M., Guillory, J., Demi, A., & Seals, B. (2000). Spiritual activities as a resistance resource for women with human immunodeficiency virus. Nursing Research, 49, 73–82.CrossRefPubMed Sowell, R., Moneyham, L., Hennessy, M., Guillory, J., Demi, A., & Seals, B. (2000). Spiritual activities as a resistance resource for women with human immunodeficiency virus. Nursing Research, 49, 73–82.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Szaflarski, M., Ritchey, P. N., Leonard, A. C., Mrus, J. M., Peterman, A. H., Ellison, C. G., et al. (2006). Modeling the effects of spirituality/religion on patients’ perceptions of living with HIV/AIDS. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21, S28–S38.CrossRefPubMed Szaflarski, M., Ritchey, P. N., Leonard, A. C., Mrus, J. M., Peterman, A. H., Ellison, C. G., et al. (2006). Modeling the effects of spirituality/religion on patients’ perceptions of living with HIV/AIDS. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21, S28–S38.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Tarakeshwar, N., Khan, N., & Sikkema, K. J. (2006). A relationship-based framework of spirituality for individuals with HIV. AIDS and Behavior, 10, 59–70.CrossRefPubMed Tarakeshwar, N., Khan, N., & Sikkema, K. J. (2006). A relationship-based framework of spirituality for individuals with HIV. AIDS and Behavior, 10, 59–70.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Tarakeshwar, N., & Pargament, K. I. (2001). Religious coping in families of children with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 16, 247–260.CrossRef Tarakeshwar, N., & Pargament, K. I. (2001). Religious coping in families of children with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 16, 247–260.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tarakeshwar, N., Pearce, M. J., & Sikkema, K. J. (2005). Development and implementation of a spiritual coping group intervention for adults living with HIV/AIDS: A pilot study. Mental Health, Religion, and Culture, 8, 179–190.CrossRef Tarakeshwar, N., Pearce, M. J., & Sikkema, K. J. (2005). Development and implementation of a spiritual coping group intervention for adults living with HIV/AIDS: A pilot study. Mental Health, Religion, and Culture, 8, 179–190.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Woods, T. E., Antoni, M. H., Ironson, G. H., & Kling, D. W. (1999). Religiosity is associated with affective and immune status in symptomatic HIV-infected gay men. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 46, 165–176.CrossRefPubMed Woods, T. E., Antoni, M. H., Ironson, G. H., & Kling, D. W. (1999). Religiosity is associated with affective and immune status in symptomatic HIV-infected gay men. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 46, 165–176.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Woodward, E. K., & Sowell, R. (2001). God in control: Women's perspectives on managing HIV infection. Clinical Nursing Research, 10, 233–250.CrossRef Woodward, E. K., & Sowell, R. (2001). God in control: Women's perspectives on managing HIV infection. Clinical Nursing Research, 10, 233–250.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wright, L. M., Watson, W. L., & Bell, J. M. (1996). Breaking the patterns of depression. New York: Doubleday. Wright, L. M., Watson, W. L., & Bell, J. M. (1996). Breaking the patterns of depression. New York: Doubleday.
Zurück zum Zitat Yarhouse, M. A., & Anderson, G. (2002). Persons with HIV/AIDS. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 21, 333-340. Yarhouse, M. A., & Anderson, G. (2002). Persons with HIV/AIDS. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 21, 333-340.
Zurück zum Zitat Yi, M. S., Mrus, J. M., Wade, T. J., Ho, M. L., Hornung, R. W., Cotton, S., et al. (2006). Religion, spirituality, and depressive symptoms in patients with HIV/AIDS. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21, S21–S27.CrossRefPubMed Yi, M. S., Mrus, J. M., Wade, T. J., Ho, M. L., Hornung, R. W., Cotton, S., et al. (2006). Religion, spirituality, and depressive symptoms in patients with HIV/AIDS. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21, S21–S27.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Religious Coping and Physiological, Psychological, Social, and Spiritual Outcomes in Patients with HIV/AIDS: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Findings
verfasst von
Kelly M. Trevino
Kenneth I. Pargament
Sian Cotton
Anthony C. Leonard
June Hahn
Carol Ann Caprini-Faigin
Joel Tsevat
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2010
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
AIDS and Behavior / Ausgabe 2/2010
Print ISSN: 1090-7165
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-3254
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-007-9332-6

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2010

AIDS and Behavior 2/2010 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.