Skip to main content
Erschienen in: AIDS and Behavior 3/2009

01.06.2009 | Original Paper

Randomized Controlled Trial of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for HIV-Positive Persons: An Investigation of Treatment Effects on Psychosocial Adjustment

verfasst von: Adam W. Carrico, Margaret A. Chesney, Mallory O. Johnson, Stephen F. Morin, Torsten B. Neilands, Robert H. Remien, Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus, F. Lennie Wong, The NIMH Healthy Living Project Team

Erschienen in: AIDS and Behavior | Ausgabe 3/2009

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Questions remain regarding the clinical utility of psychological interventions for HIV-positive persons because randomized controlled trials have utilized stringent inclusion criteria and focused extensively on gay men. The present randomized controlled trial examined the efficacy of a 15-session, individually delivered cognitive-behavioral intervention (n = 467) compared to a wait-list control (n = 469) in a diverse sample of HIV-positive persons who reported HIV transmission risk behavior. Five intervention sessions that dealt with executing effective coping responses were delivered between baseline and the 5 months post-randomization. Additional assessments were completed through 25 months post-randomization. Despite previously documented reductions in HIV transmission risk, no intervention-related changes in psychosocial adjustment were observed across the 25-month investigation period. In addition, there were no intervention effects on psychosocial adjustment among individuals who presented with mild to moderate depressive symptoms. More intensive mental health interventions may be necessary to improve psychosocial adjustment among HIV-positive individuals.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Adler, N. E., Horowitz, M., Garcia, A., & Moyer, A. (1998). Additional validation of a scale to assess positive states of mind. Psychosomatic Medicine, 60(1), 26–32.PubMed Adler, N. E., Horowitz, M., Garcia, A., & Moyer, A. (1998). Additional validation of a scale to assess positive states of mind. Psychosomatic Medicine, 60(1), 26–32.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Antoni, M. H. (2003). Stress management and psychoneuroimmunology in HIV infection. CNS Spectrums, 8(1), 40–51.PubMed Antoni, M. H. (2003). Stress management and psychoneuroimmunology in HIV infection. CNS Spectrums, 8(1), 40–51.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Antoni, M. H., Carrico, A. W., Duran, R. E., Spitzer, S., Penedo, F., Ironson, G., et al. (2006). Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral stress management on human immunodeficiency virus viral load in gay men treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Psychosomatic Medicine, 68, 143–151. doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000195749.60049.63.PubMedCrossRef Antoni, M. H., Carrico, A. W., Duran, R. E., Spitzer, S., Penedo, F., Ironson, G., et al. (2006). Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral stress management on human immunodeficiency virus viral load in gay men treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Psychosomatic Medicine, 68, 143–151. doi:10.​1097/​01.​psy.​0000195749.​60049.​63.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Antoni, M. H., Cruess, D. G., Klimas, N., Carrico, A. W., Maher, K., Cruess, S., et al. (2005). Increases in a marker of immune system reconstitution are predated by decreases in 24-h urinary cortisol output and depressed mood during a 10-week stress management intervention in symptomatic HIV-infected men. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 58, 3–13. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.05.010.PubMedCrossRef Antoni, M. H., Cruess, D. G., Klimas, N., Carrico, A. W., Maher, K., Cruess, S., et al. (2005). Increases in a marker of immune system reconstitution are predated by decreases in 24-h urinary cortisol output and depressed mood during a 10-week stress management intervention in symptomatic HIV-infected men. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 58, 3–13. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jpsychores.​2004.​05.​010.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173.PubMedCrossRef Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182. doi:10.​1037/​0022-3514.​51.​6.​1173.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bing, E. G., Burnam, M. A., Longshore, D., Fleishman, J. A., Sherbourne, C. D., London, A. S., et al. (2001). Psychiatric disorders and drug use among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 721–728. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.8.721.PubMedCrossRef Bing, E. G., Burnam, M. A., Longshore, D., Fleishman, J. A., Sherbourne, C. D., London, A. S., et al. (2001). Psychiatric disorders and drug use among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 721–728. doi:10.​1001/​archpsyc.​58.​8.​721.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bormann, J. E., Gifford, A. L., Shively, M., Smith, T. L., Redwine, L., Kelly, A., et al. (2006). Effects of spiritual mantram repetition on HIV outcomes: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29(4), 359–376. doi:10.1007/s10865-006-9063-6.PubMedCrossRef Bormann, J. E., Gifford, A. L., Shively, M., Smith, T. L., Redwine, L., Kelly, A., et al. (2006). Effects of spiritual mantram repetition on HIV outcomes: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29(4), 359–376. doi:10.​1007/​s10865-006-9063-6.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brown, J. L., & Vanable, P. A. (2008). Cognitive-behavioral stress management interventions for persons living with HIV: A review and critique of the literature. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 35(1), 26–40.PubMed Brown, J. L., & Vanable, P. A. (2008). Cognitive-behavioral stress management interventions for persons living with HIV: A review and critique of the literature. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 35(1), 26–40.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Carrico, A. W., & Antoni, M. H. (2008). The effects of psychological interventions on neuroendocrine hormone regulation and immune status in HIV-positive persons: A review of randomized controlled trials. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70, 575–584.PubMedCrossRef Carrico, A. W., & Antoni, M. H. (2008). The effects of psychological interventions on neuroendocrine hormone regulation and immune status in HIV-positive persons: A review of randomized controlled trials. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70, 575–584.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Carrico, A. W., Antoni, M. H., Duran, R. E., Ironson, G., Penedo, F., Fletcher, M. A., et al. (2006). Reductions in depressed mood and denial coping during cognitive behavioral stress management with HIV-Positive gay men treated with HAART. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 31, 155–164. doi:10.1207/s15324796abm3102_7.PubMedCrossRef Carrico, A. W., Antoni, M. H., Duran, R. E., Ironson, G., Penedo, F., Fletcher, M. A., et al. (2006). Reductions in depressed mood and denial coping during cognitive behavioral stress management with HIV-Positive gay men treated with HAART. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 31, 155–164. doi:10.​1207/​s15324796abm3102​_​7.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chesney, M. A., Chambers, D. B., Taylor, J. M., Johnson, L. M., & Folkman, S. (2003). Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65(6), 1038–1046. doi:10.1097/01.PSY.0000097344.78697.ED.PubMedCrossRef Chesney, M. A., Chambers, D. B., Taylor, J. M., Johnson, L. M., & Folkman, S. (2003). Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65(6), 1038–1046. doi:10.​1097/​01.​PSY.​0000097344.​78697.​ED.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chesney, M. A., Darbes, L. A., Hoerster, K., Taylor, J. M., Chambers, D. B., & Anderson, D. E. (2005). Positive emotions: exploring the other hemisphere in behavioral medicine. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 12(2), 50–58. doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm1202_2.PubMedCrossRef Chesney, M. A., Darbes, L. A., Hoerster, K., Taylor, J. M., Chambers, D. B., & Anderson, D. E. (2005). Positive emotions: exploring the other hemisphere in behavioral medicine. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 12(2), 50–58. doi:10.​1207/​s15327558ijbm120​2_​2.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chesney, M. A., Neilands, T. B., Chambers, D. B., Taylor, J. M., & Folkman, S. (2006). A validity and reliability study of the coping self-efficacy scale. British Journal of Health Psychology, 11(Pt 3), 421–437. doi:10.1348/135910705X53155.PubMedCrossRef Chesney, M. A., Neilands, T. B., Chambers, D. B., Taylor, J. M., & Folkman, S. (2006). A validity and reliability study of the coping self-efficacy scale. British Journal of Health Psychology, 11(Pt 3), 421–437. doi:10.​1348/​135910705X53155.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Crepaz, N., Passin, W. F., Herbst, J. H., Rama, S. M., Malow, R. M., Purcell, D. W., et al. (2008). Meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral interventions on HIV-positive persons’ mental health and immune functioning. Health Psychology, 27(1), 4–14. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.27.1.4.PubMedCrossRef Crepaz, N., Passin, W. F., Herbst, J. H., Rama, S. M., Malow, R. M., Purcell, D. W., et al. (2008). Meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral interventions on HIV-positive persons’ mental health and immune functioning. Health Psychology, 27(1), 4–14. doi:10.​1037/​0278-6133.​27.​1.​4.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dimidjian, S., Hollon, S. D., Dobson, K. S., Schmaling, K. B., Kohlenberg, R. J., Addis, M. E., et al. (2006). Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(4), 658–670. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.74.4.658.PubMedCrossRef Dimidjian, S., Hollon, S. D., Dobson, K. S., Schmaling, K. B., Kohlenberg, R. J., Addis, M. E., et al. (2006). Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(4), 658–670. doi:10.​1037/​0022-006X.​74.​4.​658.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gore-Felton, C., Rotheram-Borus, M. J., Weinhardt, L. S., Kelly, J. A., Lightfoot, M., & Kirshenbaum, S. B. (2005). The healthy living project: An individually tailored, multidimensional intervention for HIV-infected persons. AIDS Education and Prevention, 17(Supp. A), 21–39. doi:10.1521/aeap.17.2.21.58691.PubMedCrossRef Gore-Felton, C., Rotheram-Borus, M. J., Weinhardt, L. S., Kelly, J. A., Lightfoot, M., & Kirshenbaum, S. B. (2005). The healthy living project: An individually tailored, multidimensional intervention for HIV-infected persons. AIDS Education and Prevention, 17(Supp. A), 21–39. doi:10.​1521/​aeap.​17.​2.​21.​58691.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gribble, J. N., Miller, H. G., Rogers, S. M., & Turner, C. F. (1999). Interview mode and measurement of sexual behaviors: Methodological issues. Journal of Sex Research, 36, 16–24.CrossRef Gribble, J. N., Miller, H. G., Rogers, S. M., & Turner, C. F. (1999). Interview mode and measurement of sexual behaviors: Methodological issues. Journal of Sex Research, 36, 16–24.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Healthy Living Project Team. (2007). Effects of a behavioral intervention to reduce risk of transmission among people living with HIV: The healthy living project randomized controlled study. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 44, 213–221. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e31802c0cae.CrossRef Healthy Living Project Team. (2007). Effects of a behavioral intervention to reduce risk of transmission among people living with HIV: The healthy living project randomized controlled study. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 44, 213–221. doi:10.​1097/​QAI.​0b013e31802c0cae​.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Heckman, T. G., Anderson, E. S., Sikkema, K. J., Kochman, A., Kalichman, S. C., & Anderson, T. (2004). Emotional distress in nonmetropolitan persons living with HIV disease enrolled in a telephone-delivered, coping improvement group intervention. Health Psychology, 23(1), 94–100. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.23.1.94.PubMedCrossRef Heckman, T. G., Anderson, E. S., Sikkema, K. J., Kochman, A., Kalichman, S. C., & Anderson, T. (2004). Emotional distress in nonmetropolitan persons living with HIV disease enrolled in a telephone-delivered, coping improvement group intervention. Health Psychology, 23(1), 94–100. doi:10.​1037/​0278-6133.​23.​1.​94.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson, M. O., Catz, S. L., Remien, R. H., Rotheram-Borus, M. J., Morin, S. F., Charlebois, E., et al. (2003). Theory-guided, empirically supported avenues for intervention on HIV medication nonadherence: Findings from the Healthy Living Project. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 17(12), 645–656. doi:10.1089/108729103771928708.PubMedCrossRef Johnson, M. O., Catz, S. L., Remien, R. H., Rotheram-Borus, M. J., Morin, S. F., Charlebois, E., et al. (2003). Theory-guided, empirically supported avenues for intervention on HIV medication nonadherence: Findings from the Healthy Living Project. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 17(12), 645–656. doi:10.​1089/​1087291037719287​08.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kelly, J. A., Murphy, D. A., Bahr, G. R., Kalichman, S. C., Morgan, M. G., Stevenson, L. Y., et al. (1993). Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 150(11), 1679–1686.PubMed Kelly, J. A., Murphy, D. A., Bahr, G. R., Kalichman, S. C., Morgan, M. G., Stevenson, L. Y., et al. (1993). Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 150(11), 1679–1686.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Littell, R. C., Henry, P. R., & Ammerman, C. B. (1998). Statistical analysis of repeated measures data using SAS procedures. Journal of Animal Science, 76(4), 1216–1231.PubMed Littell, R. C., Henry, P. R., & Ammerman, C. B. (1998). Statistical analysis of repeated measures data using SAS procedures. Journal of Animal Science, 76(4), 1216–1231.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Markowitz, J. C., Kocsis, J. H., Fishman, B., Spielman, L. A., Jacobsberg, L. B., Frances, A. J., et al. (1998). Treatment of depressive symptoms in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55(5), 452–457. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.5.452.PubMedCrossRef Markowitz, J. C., Kocsis, J. H., Fishman, B., Spielman, L. A., Jacobsberg, L. B., Frances, A. J., et al. (1998). Treatment of depressive symptoms in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55(5), 452–457. doi:10.​1001/​archpsyc.​55.​5.​452.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Moskowitz, J. T., Folkman, S., & Acree, M. (2003). Do positive psychological states shed light on recovery from bereavement? Findings from a 3-year longitudinal study. Death Studies, 27(6), 471–500. doi:10.1080/07481180302885.PubMedCrossRef Moskowitz, J. T., Folkman, S., & Acree, M. (2003). Do positive psychological states shed light on recovery from bereavement? Findings from a 3-year longitudinal study. Death Studies, 27(6), 471–500. doi:10.​1080/​07481180302885.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mulder, C. L., Emmelkamp, P. M., Antoni, M. H., Mulder, J. W., Sandfort, T. G., & de Vries, M. J. (1994). Cognitive-behavioral and experiential group psychotherapy for HIV-infected homosexual men: A comparative study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 56(5), 423–431.PubMed Mulder, C. L., Emmelkamp, P. M., Antoni, M. H., Mulder, J. W., Sandfort, T. G., & de Vries, M. J. (1994). Cognitive-behavioral and experiential group psychotherapy for HIV-infected homosexual men: A comparative study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 56(5), 423–431.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Safren, S., O’Cleirigh, C., Tan, J., Raminani, S., Reilly, L., Otto, M. W., et al. (in press). Cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology. Safren, S., O’Cleirigh, C., Tan, J., Raminani, S., Reilly, L., Otto, M. W., et al. (in press). Cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology.
Zurück zum Zitat Scott-Sheldon, L. A., Kalichman, S. C., Carey, M. P., & Fielder, R. L. (2008). Stress management interventions for HIV+ adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, 1989 to 2006. Health Psychology, 27(2), 129–139. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.27.2.129.PubMedCrossRef Scott-Sheldon, L. A., Kalichman, S. C., Carey, M. P., & Fielder, R. L. (2008). Stress management interventions for HIV+ adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, 1989 to 2006. Health Psychology, 27(2), 129–139. doi:10.​1037/​0278-6133.​27.​2.​129.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sikkema, K. J., Hansen, M. B., Meade, C. S., Kochman, A., & Fox, A. M. (2007). Psychosocial predictors of sexual HIV transmission risk behavior among HIV-positive adults with a sexual abuse history in childhood. Archives of Sexual Behavior. doi:10.1007/s10508-007-9238-4. Sikkema, K. J., Hansen, M. B., Meade, C. S., Kochman, A., & Fox, A. M. (2007). Psychosocial predictors of sexual HIV transmission risk behavior among HIV-positive adults with a sexual abuse history in childhood. Archives of Sexual Behavior. doi:10.​1007/​s10508-007-9238-4.
Zurück zum Zitat Spielberger, C., Gorsuch, R., & Lushene, R. (1974). STAI manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto: CA Consulting Psychologists Press. Spielberger, C., Gorsuch, R., & Lushene, R. (1974). STAI manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto: CA Consulting Psychologists Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Turner, C. F., Ku, L., Rogers, S. M., Lindberg, L. D., Pleck, J. H., & Sonenstein, F. L. (1998). Adolescent sexual behavior, drug use, and violence: Increased reporting with computer survey technology. Science, 280(5365), 867–873. doi:10.1126/science.280.5365.867.PubMedCrossRef Turner, C. F., Ku, L., Rogers, S. M., Lindberg, L. D., Pleck, J. H., & Sonenstein, F. L. (1998). Adolescent sexual behavior, drug use, and violence: Increased reporting with computer survey technology. Science, 280(5365), 867–873. doi:10.​1126/​science.​280.​5365.​867.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ware, J. (1993). SF-36 health survey: Manual and interpretation guide. Lincoln, RI: Quality Metric. Ware, J. (1993). SF-36 health survey: Manual and interpretation guide. Lincoln, RI: Quality Metric.
Zurück zum Zitat Weaver, K. E., Llabre, M. M., Duran, R. E., Antoni, M. H., Ironson, G., Penedo, F. J., et al. (2005). A stress and coping model of medication adherence and viral load in HIV-positive men and women on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Health Psychology, 24(4), 385–392. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.4.385.PubMedCrossRef Weaver, K. E., Llabre, M. M., Duran, R. E., Antoni, M. H., Ironson, G., Penedo, F. J., et al. (2005). A stress and coping model of medication adherence and viral load in HIV-positive men and women on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Health Psychology, 24(4), 385–392. doi:10.​1037/​0278-6133.​24.​4.​385.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Weinhardt, L. S., Kelly, J. A., Brondino, M. J., Rotheram-Borus, M. J., Kirshenbaum, S. B., & Chesney, M. A. (2004). HIV transmission risk behavior among men and women: Living with HIV in Four U.S. cities. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 36(5), 1057–1066. doi:10.1097/00126334-200408150-00009.PubMedCrossRef Weinhardt, L. S., Kelly, J. A., Brondino, M. J., Rotheram-Borus, M. J., Kirshenbaum, S. B., & Chesney, M. A. (2004). HIV transmission risk behavior among men and women: Living with HIV in Four U.S. cities. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 36(5), 1057–1066. doi:10.​1097/​00126334-200408150-00009.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for HIV-Positive Persons: An Investigation of Treatment Effects on Psychosocial Adjustment
verfasst von
Adam W. Carrico
Margaret A. Chesney
Mallory O. Johnson
Stephen F. Morin
Torsten B. Neilands
Robert H. Remien
Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus
F. Lennie Wong
The NIMH Healthy Living Project Team
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2009
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
AIDS and Behavior / Ausgabe 3/2009
Print ISSN: 1090-7165
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-3254
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-008-9429-6

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2009

AIDS and Behavior 3/2009 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Echinokokkose medikamentös behandeln oder operieren?

06.05.2024 DCK 2024 Kongressbericht

Die Therapie von Echinokokkosen sollte immer in spezialisierten Zentren erfolgen. Eine symptomlose Echinokokkose kann – egal ob von Hunde- oder Fuchsbandwurm ausgelöst – konservativ erfolgen. Wenn eine Op. nötig ist, kann es sinnvoll sein, vorher Zysten zu leeren und zu desinfizieren. 

Umsetzung der POMGAT-Leitlinie läuft

03.05.2024 DCK 2024 Kongressbericht

Seit November 2023 gibt es evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen zum perioperativen Management bei gastrointestinalen Tumoren (POMGAT) auf S3-Niveau. Vieles wird schon entsprechend der Empfehlungen durchgeführt. Wo es im Alltag noch hapert, zeigt eine Umfrage in einem Klinikverbund.

Proximale Humerusfraktur: Auch 100-Jährige operieren?

01.05.2024 DCK 2024 Kongressbericht

Mit dem demographischen Wandel versorgt auch die Chirurgie immer mehr betagte Menschen. Von Entwicklungen wie Fast-Track können auch ältere Menschen profitieren und bei proximaler Humerusfraktur können selbst manche 100-Jährige noch sicher operiert werden.

Die „Zehn Gebote“ des Endokarditis-Managements

30.04.2024 Endokarditis Leitlinie kompakt

Worauf kommt es beim Management von Personen mit infektiöser Endokarditis an? Eine Kardiologin und ein Kardiologe fassen die zehn wichtigsten Punkte der neuen ESC-Leitlinie zusammen.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.