nach oben

Erschienen in:

14.06.2016 | CANCER

Overweight duration in older adults and cancer risk: a study of cohorts in Europe and the United States

verfasst von: Melina Arnold, Heinz Freisling, Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon, Frank Kee, Mark George O’Doherty, José Manuel Ordóñez-Mena, Tom Wilsgaard, Anne Maria May, Hendrik Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Anne Tjønneland, Philippos Orfanos, Antonia Trichopoulou, Paolo Boffetta, Freddie Bray, Mazda Jenab, Isabelle Soerjomataram, on behalf of the CHANCES consortium

Erschienen in: European Journal of Epidemiology | Ausgabe 9/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Recent studies have shown that cancer risk related to overweight and obesity is mediated by time and might be better approximated by using life years lived with excess weight. In this study we aimed to assess the impact of overweight duration and intensity in older adults on the risk of developing different forms of cancer. Study participants from seven European and one US cohort study with two or more weight assessments during follow-up were included (n = 329,576). Trajectories of body mass index (BMI) across ages were estimated using a quadratic growth model; overweight duration (BMI ≥ 25) and cumulative weighted overweight years were calculated. In multivariate Cox models and random effects analyses, a longer duration of overweight was significantly associated with the incidence of obesity-related cancer [overall hazard ratio (HR) per 10-year increment: 1.36; 95 % CI 1.12–1.60], but also increased the risk of postmenopausal breast and colorectal cancer. Additionally accounting for the degree of overweight further increased the risk of obesity-related cancer. Risks associated with a longer overweight duration were higher in men than in women and were attenuated by smoking. For postmenopausal breast cancer, increased risks were confined to women who never used hormone therapy. Overall, 8.4 % of all obesity-related cancers could be attributed to overweight at any age. These findings provide further insights into the role of overweight duration in the etiology of cancer and indicate that weight control is relevant at all ages. This knowledge is vital for the development of effective and targeted cancer prevention strategies.

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Finucane MM, Stevens GA, Cowan MJ, et al. National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9.1 million participants. Lancet. 2011;377(9765):557–67.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Collaboration NRF, Di Cesare M, Bentham J, et al. Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants. Lancet. 2016;387(10026):1377–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30054-X.CrossRef

Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011–2012. JAMA. 2014;311(8):806–14. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.732.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Stevens GA, Singh GM, Lu Y, et al. National, regional, and global trends in adult overweight and obesity prevalences. Popul Health Metr. 2012;10(1):22.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Overweight and obesity—BMI statistics [database on the Internet]. Eurostat. 2015 [cited 28-08-2015]. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Overweight_and_obesity_-_BMI_statistics&oldid=120144.

Lakdawalla DN, Goldman DP, Shang B. The health and cost consequences of obesity among the future elderly. Health Aff. 2005;24(Suppl 2):W5R30–41. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.w5.r30.

Arnold M, Pandeya N, Byrnes G, et al. Global burden of cancer attributable to high body-mass index in 2012: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(1):36–46. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71123-4.CrossRefPubMed

Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M, Heller RF, Zwahlen M. Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet. 2008;371(9612):569–78.CrossRefPubMed

Arnold M, Leitzmann M, Freisling H, et al. Obesity and cancer: an update of the global impact. Cancer Epidemiol. 2016;41:8–15. doi:10.1016/j.canep.2016.01.003.CrossRefPubMed

10.

Abdullah A, Stoelwinder J, Shortreed S, et al. The duration of obesity and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Public Health Nutr. 2011;14(1):119–26. doi:10.1017/S1368980010001813.CrossRefPubMed

11.

Abdullah A, Amin FA, Stoelwinder J, et al. Estimating the risk of cardiovascular disease using an obese-years metric. BMJ Open. 2014;4(9):e005629. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005629.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

12.

Abdullah A, Wolfe R, Stoelwinder JU, et al. The number of years lived with obesity and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40(4):985–96.CrossRefPubMed

13.

Bianchini F, Kaaks R, Vainio H. Overweight, obesity, and cancer risk. Lancet Oncol. 2002;3(9):565–74.CrossRefPubMed

14.

Boffetta P, Bobak M, Borsch-Supan A, et al. The Consortium on Health and Ageing: network of Cohorts in Europe and the United States (CHANCES) project–design, population and data harmonization of a large-scale, international study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2014;29(12):929–36. doi:10.1007/s10654-014-9977-1.CrossRefPubMed

15.

World Cancer Research Fund. Food, nutrition, physical activity and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective: a project of World Cancer Research Fund International. Washington, D.C.: American Institute for Cancer Research; 2007.

16.

Heo M, Faith MS, Mott JW, Gorman BS, Redden DT, Allison DB. Hierarchical linear models for the development of growth curves: an example with body mass index in overweight/obese adults. Stat Med. 2003;22(11):1911–42. doi:10.1002/sim.1218.CrossRefPubMed

17.

Naumova EN, Must A, Laird NM. Tutorial in biostatistics: evaluating the impact of ‘critical periods’ in longitudinal studies of growth using piecewise mixed effects models. Int J Epidemiol. 2001;30(6):1332–41.CrossRefPubMed

18.

Harris RJ, Bradburn MJ, Deeks JJ, Harbord RM, Altman DG, Sterne JAC. Metan: fixed- and random-effects meta-analysis. Stata J. 2008;8(1):3–28.

19.

Rockhill B, Newman B, Weinberg C. Use and misuse of population attributable fractions. Am J Public Health. 1998;88(1):15–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

20.

Hanley JA. A heuristic approach to the formulas for population attributable fraction. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2001;55(7):508–14.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

21.

Miettinen OS. Proportion of disease caused or prevented by a given exposure, trait or intervention. Am J Epidemiol. 1974;99(5):325–32.PubMed

22.

Greenland S, Drescher K. Maximum likelihood estimation of the attributable fraction from logistic models. Biometrics. 1993;49(3):865–72.CrossRefPubMed

23.

Reeves GK, Pirie K, Beral V, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality in relation to body mass index in the Million Women Study: cohort study. BMJ. 2007;335(7630):1134. doi:10.1136/bmj.39367.495995.AE.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

24.

Calle EE, Kaaks R. Overweight, obesity and cancer: epidemiological evidence and proposed mechanisms. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4(8):579–91. doi:10.1038/nrc1408.CrossRefPubMed

25.

Morimoto LM, White E, Chen Z, et al. Obesity, body size, and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: the Women’s Health Initiative (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2002;13(8):741–51.CrossRefPubMed

26.

Food, Nutrition, Physical activity, and the Prevention of Breast Cancer. Continuous Update Project Report: World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research; 2010.

27.

Reeves KW, Carter GC, Rodabough RJ, et al. Obesity in relation to endometrial cancer risk and disease characteristics in the Women’s Health Initiative. Gynecol Oncol. 2011;121(2):376–82. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.01.027.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

28.

Bhaskaran K, Douglas I, Forbes H, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Leon DA, Smeeth L. Body-mass index and risk of 22 specific cancers: a population-based cohort study of 5·24 million UK adults. Lancet. 2014;. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60892-8.PubMedCentral

29.

Wang Y, Jacobs EJ, Teras LR, et al. Lack of evidence for effect modification by estrogen of association between body mass index and colorectal cancer risk among postmenopausal women. Cancer Causes Control. 2007;18(8):793–9. doi:10.1007/s10552-007-9009-5.CrossRefPubMed

30.

Slattery ML, Ballard-Barbash R, Edwards S, Caan BJ, Potter JD. Body mass index and colon cancer: an evaluation of the modifying effects of estrogen (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2003;14(1):75–84.CrossRefPubMed

31.

Keimling M, Renehan AG, Behrens G, et al. Comparison of associations of body mass index, abdominal adiposity, and risk of colorectal cancer in a large prospective cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013;22(8):1383–94. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0353.CrossRefPubMed

32.

Food, Nutrition, Physical activity, and the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer. Continuous Update Project Report: World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research; 2011.

33.

Ford ES, Li C, Zhao G, Tsai J. Trends in obesity and abdominal obesity among adults in the United States from 1999–2008. Int J Obes. 2011;35(5):736–43. doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.186.CrossRef

34.

Rose DP, Komninou D, Stephenson GD. Obesity, adipocytokines, and insulin resistance in breast cancer. Obes Rev. 2004;5(3):153–65. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2004.00142.x.CrossRefPubMed

35.

Smith L, Brinton LA, Spitz MR, et al. Body mass index and risk of lung cancer among never, former, and current smokers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012;104(10):778–89. doi:10.1093/jnci/djs179.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

36.

Aune D, Greenwood DC, Chan DS, et al. Body mass index, abdominal fatness and pancreatic cancer risk: a systematic review and non-linear dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Ann Oncol. 2012;23(4):843–52. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr398.CrossRefPubMed

37.

Henley SJ, Flanders WD, Manatunga A, Thun MJ. Leanness and lung cancer risk: fact or artifact? Epidemiology. 2002;13(3):268–76.CrossRefPubMed

38.

Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, Thun MJ. Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(17):1625–38. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa021423.CrossRefPubMed

39.

Olson JE, Yang P, Schmitz K, Vierkant RA, Cerhan JR, Sellers TA. Differential association of body mass index and fat distribution with three major histologic types of lung cancer: evidence from a cohort of older women. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;156(7):606–15.CrossRefPubMed

40.

Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Schairer C, Moore S, Hollenbeck A, Silverman DT. Lifetime adiposity and risk of pancreatic cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98(4):1057–65. doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.058123.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

41.

Ostbye T, Malhotra R, Landerman LR. Body mass trajectories through adulthood: results from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Cohort (1981–2006). Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40(1):240–50. doi:10.1093/ije/dyq142.CrossRefPubMed

42.

Botoseneanu A, Liang J. Latent heterogeneity in long-term trajectories of body mass index in older adults. J Aging Health. 2013;25(2):342–63. doi:10.1177/0898264312468593.CrossRefPubMed

43.

Decaria JE, Sharp C, Petrella RJ. Scoping review report: obesity in older adults. Int J Obes. 2012;36(9):1141–50. doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.29.CrossRef

44.

Moore LL, Bradlee ML, Singer MR, et al. BMI and waist circumference as predictors of lifetime colon cancer risk in Framingham Study adults. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004;28(4):559–67. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802606.CrossRef

45.

Janssen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Ross R. Waist circumference and not body mass index explains obesity-related health risk. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79(3):379–84.PubMed

46.

Peto J. That the effects of smoking should be measured in pack-years: misconceptions 4. Br J Cancer. 2012;107(3):406–7. doi:10.1038/bjc.2012.97.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

47.

Hernan MA. The hazards of hazard ratios. Epidemiology. 2010;21(1):13–5. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181c1ea43.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

48.

Thomas DC. Invited commentary: is it time to retire the “pack-years” variable? Maybe not! Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(3):299–302. doi:10.1093/aje/kwt274.CrossRefPubMed

49.

Zamboni M, Mazzali G, Zoico E, et al. Health consequences of obesity in the elderly: a review of four unresolved questions. Int J Obes. 2005;29(9):1011–29. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803005.CrossRef

Titel: Overweight duration in older adults and cancer risk: a study of cohorts in Europe and the United States
verfasst von: Melina Arnold
Heinz Freisling
Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon
Frank Kee
Mark George O’Doherty
José Manuel Ordóñez-Mena
Tom Wilsgaard
Anne Maria May
Hendrik Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
Anne Tjønneland
Philippos Orfanos
Antonia Trichopoulou
Paolo Boffetta
Freddie Bray
Mazda Jenab
Isabelle Soerjomataram
on behalf of the CHANCES consortium
Publikationsdatum: 14.06.2016
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: European Journal of Epidemiology / Ausgabe 9/2016
Print ISSN: 0393-2990
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7284
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-016-0169-z

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 9/2016

Breast cancer risk and night shift work in a case–control study in a Spanish population

Modifiable risk factors for the prevention of bladder cancer: a systematic review of meta-analyses

Statin use and risk of glioma: population-based case–control analysis

Coffee consumption and the risk of cancer in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) Study

High body mass index and cancer risk—a Mendelian randomisation study

Analgesic use and the risk of primary adult brain tumor