Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 4/2015

01.04.2015 | Gamete Biology

Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on maturation and early embryo development of immature mouse oocytes selected by brilliant cresyle blue staining

verfasst von: Zohreh Zare, Reza Masteri Farahani, Mohammad Salehi, Abbas Piryaei, Marefat Ghaffari Novin, Fatemeh Fadaei Fathabadi, Moslem Mohammadi, Maryam Dehghani-Mohammadabadi

Erschienen in: Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics | Ausgabe 4/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of L-carnitine treatment during IVM on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of immature oocytes selected by Brilliant Cresyle Blue (BCB) staining, and their subsequent developmental competence.

Materials & methods

Compact cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from NMRI mice ovaries and stained with BCB staining. BCB+ (colored cytoplasm) oocytes were then cultured in tissue culture medium (TCM) 199 with 0.0, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/ml L-carnitine.

Results

The both L-carnitine concentrations significantly increased the intracellular glutathione (P < 0.001), nuclear maturation (P < 0.01) and expression levels of cyclin-dependent kinase1 (CDK1) (P < 0.05). Moreover, treated oocytes with 0.6 mg/ml L-carnitine showed increased (P < 0.05) expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase1 (MAPK1) mRNA. Also, adding L-carnitine (0.6 mg/ml) to IVM medium significantly increased the cleavage rate (P < 0.05). The blastocyst development rate (BDR) in the both L-carnitine treated groups was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the control group. L-carnitine had no significant effect on total blastocyst cell numbers.

Conclusions

These data indicated that L-carnitine supplementation during IVM of immature BCB+ oocytes improved preimplantation developmental competence of oocytes after IVF, probably by accelerating cytoplasmic and nuclear maturation of oocytes. It may provide a novel approach to improving ART outcomes in infertile couples.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Albuz FK, Sasseville M, Lane M, Armstrong DT, Thompson JG, Gilchrist RB. Simulated physiological oocyte maturation (SPOM): a novel in vitro maturation system that substantially improves embryo yield and pregnancy outcomes. Hum Reprod. 2010;25:2999–3011.CrossRefPubMed Albuz FK, Sasseville M, Lane M, Armstrong DT, Thompson JG, Gilchrist RB. Simulated physiological oocyte maturation (SPOM): a novel in vitro maturation system that substantially improves embryo yield and pregnancy outcomes. Hum Reprod. 2010;25:2999–3011.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Whelan 3rd JG, Vlahos NF. The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2000;73:883–96.CrossRefPubMed Whelan 3rd JG, Vlahos NF. The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2000;73:883–96.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang N, Le F, Zhan QT, Li L, Dong MY, Ding GL, et al. Effects of in vitro maturation on histone acetylation in metaphase II oocytes and early cleavage embryos. Obstet Gynecol Int. 2010;2010:989278.PubMedCentralPubMed Wang N, Le F, Zhan QT, Li L, Dong MY, Ding GL, et al. Effects of in vitro maturation on histone acetylation in metaphase II oocytes and early cleavage embryos. Obstet Gynecol Int. 2010;2010:989278.PubMedCentralPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Baart EB, Martini E, Eijkemans MJ, Van Opstal D, Beckers NG, Verhoeff A, et al. Milder ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization reduces aneuploidy in the human preimplantation embryo: a randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod. 2007;22:980–8.CrossRefPubMed Baart EB, Martini E, Eijkemans MJ, Van Opstal D, Beckers NG, Verhoeff A, et al. Milder ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization reduces aneuploidy in the human preimplantation embryo: a randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod. 2007;22:980–8.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Buckett WM, Chian RC, Holzer H, Dean N, Usher R, Tan SL. Obstetric outcomes and congenital abnormalities after in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;110:885–91.CrossRefPubMed Buckett WM, Chian RC, Holzer H, Dean N, Usher R, Tan SL. Obstetric outcomes and congenital abnormalities after in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;110:885–91.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Nagai T. The improvement of in vitro maturation systems for bovine and porcine oocytes. Theriogenology. 2001;55:1291–301.CrossRefPubMed Nagai T. The improvement of in vitro maturation systems for bovine and porcine oocytes. Theriogenology. 2001;55:1291–301.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Su J, Wang Y, Li R, Peng H, Hua S, Li Q, et al. Oocytes selected using BCB staining enhance nuclear reprogramming and the in vivo development of SCNT embryos in cattle. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e36181.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Su J, Wang Y, Li R, Peng H, Hua S, Li Q, et al. Oocytes selected using BCB staining enhance nuclear reprogramming and the in vivo development of SCNT embryos in cattle. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e36181.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Torner H, Ghanem N, Ambros C, Holker M, Tomek W, Phatsara C, et al. Molecular and subcellular characterisation of oocytes screened for their developmental competence based on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Reproduction. 2008;135:197–212.CrossRefPubMed Torner H, Ghanem N, Ambros C, Holker M, Tomek W, Phatsara C, et al. Molecular and subcellular characterisation of oocytes screened for their developmental competence based on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Reproduction. 2008;135:197–212.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Roca J, Martinez E, Vazquez JM, Lucas X. Selection of immature pig oocytes for homologous in vitro penetration assays with the brilliant cresyl blue test. Reprod Fertil Dev. 1998;10:479–85.CrossRefPubMed Roca J, Martinez E, Vazquez JM, Lucas X. Selection of immature pig oocytes for homologous in vitro penetration assays with the brilliant cresyl blue test. Reprod Fertil Dev. 1998;10:479–85.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Catala MG, Izquierdo D, Uzbekova S, Morato R, Roura M, Romaguera R, et al. Brilliant Cresyl Blue stain selects largest oocytes with highest mitochondrial activity, maturation-promoting factor activity and embryo developmental competence in prepubertal sheep. Reproduction. 2011;142:517–27.CrossRefPubMed Catala MG, Izquierdo D, Uzbekova S, Morato R, Roura M, Romaguera R, et al. Brilliant Cresyl Blue stain selects largest oocytes with highest mitochondrial activity, maturation-promoting factor activity and embryo developmental competence in prepubertal sheep. Reproduction. 2011;142:517–27.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Alm H, Torner H, Lohrke B, Viergutz T, Ghoneim IM, Kanitz W. Bovine blastocyst development rate in vitro is influenced by selection of oocytes by brillant cresyl blue staining before IVM as indicator for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Theriogenology. 2005;63:2194–205.CrossRefPubMed Alm H, Torner H, Lohrke B, Viergutz T, Ghoneim IM, Kanitz W. Bovine blastocyst development rate in vitro is influenced by selection of oocytes by brillant cresyl blue staining before IVM as indicator for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Theriogenology. 2005;63:2194–205.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Karja NW, Wongsrikeao P, Murakami M, Agung B, Fahrudin M, Nagai T, et al. Effects of oxygen tension on the development and quality of porcine in vitro fertilized embryos. Theriogenology. 2004;62:1585–95.CrossRefPubMed Karja NW, Wongsrikeao P, Murakami M, Agung B, Fahrudin M, Nagai T, et al. Effects of oxygen tension on the development and quality of porcine in vitro fertilized embryos. Theriogenology. 2004;62:1585–95.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Mo X, Wu G, Yuan D, Jia B, Liu C, Zhu S, et al. Leukemia inhibitory factor enhances bovine oocyte maturation and early embryo development. Mol Reprod Dev. 2014;81:608–18.CrossRefPubMed Mo X, Wu G, Yuan D, Jia B, Liu C, Zhu S, et al. Leukemia inhibitory factor enhances bovine oocyte maturation and early embryo development. Mol Reprod Dev. 2014;81:608–18.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Choe C, Shin YW, Kim EJ, Cho SR, Kim HJ, Choi SH, et al. Synergistic effects of glutathione and beta-mercaptoethanol treatment during in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes on early embryonic development in a culture system supplemented with L-cysteine. J Reprod Dev. 2010;56:575–82.CrossRefPubMed Choe C, Shin YW, Kim EJ, Cho SR, Kim HJ, Choi SH, et al. Synergistic effects of glutathione and beta-mercaptoethanol treatment during in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes on early embryonic development in a culture system supplemented with L-cysteine. J Reprod Dev. 2010;56:575–82.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Dehghani-Mohammadabadi M, Salehi M, Farifteh F, Nematollahi S, Arefian E, Hajjarizadeh A, et al. Melatonin modulates the expression of BCL-xl and improve the development of vitrified embryos obtained by IVF in mice. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2014;31:453–61.CrossRefPubMed Dehghani-Mohammadabadi M, Salehi M, Farifteh F, Nematollahi S, Arefian E, Hajjarizadeh A, et al. Melatonin modulates the expression of BCL-xl and improve the development of vitrified embryos obtained by IVF in mice. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2014;31:453–61.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Vanella A, Russo A, Acquaviva R, Campisi A, Di Giacomo C, Sorrenti V, et al. L -propionyl-carnitine as superoxide scavenger, antioxidant, and DNA cleavage protector. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2000;16:99–104.CrossRefPubMed Vanella A, Russo A, Acquaviva R, Campisi A, Di Giacomo C, Sorrenti V, et al. L -propionyl-carnitine as superoxide scavenger, antioxidant, and DNA cleavage protector. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2000;16:99–104.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Stojkovic M, Machado SA, Stojkovic P, Zakhartchenko V, Hutzler P, Goncalves PB, et al. Mitochondrial distribution and adenosine triphosphate content of bovine oocytes before and after in vitro maturation: correlation with morphological criteria and developmental capacity after in vitro fertilization and culture. Biol Reprod. 2001;64:904–9.CrossRefPubMed Stojkovic M, Machado SA, Stojkovic P, Zakhartchenko V, Hutzler P, Goncalves PB, et al. Mitochondrial distribution and adenosine triphosphate content of bovine oocytes before and after in vitro maturation: correlation with morphological criteria and developmental capacity after in vitro fertilization and culture. Biol Reprod. 2001;64:904–9.CrossRefPubMed
18.
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Qi SN, Zhang ZF, Wang ZY, Yoshida A, Ueda T. L-carnitine inhibits apoptotic DNA fragmentation induced by a new spin-labeled derivative of podophyllotoxin via caspase-3 in Raji cells. Oncol Rep. 2006;15:119–22.PubMed Qi SN, Zhang ZF, Wang ZY, Yoshida A, Ueda T. L-carnitine inhibits apoptotic DNA fragmentation induced by a new spin-labeled derivative of podophyllotoxin via caspase-3 in Raji cells. Oncol Rep. 2006;15:119–22.PubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Winter BK, Fiskum G, Gallo LL. Effects of L-carnitine on serum triglyceride and cytokine levels in rat models of cachexia and septic shock. Br J Cancer. 1995;72:1173–9.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Winter BK, Fiskum G, Gallo LL. Effects of L-carnitine on serum triglyceride and cytokine levels in rat models of cachexia and septic shock. Br J Cancer. 1995;72:1173–9.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Abdelrazik H, Sharma R, Mahfouz R, Agarwal A. L-carnitine decreases DNA damage and improves the in vitro blastocyst development rate in mouse embryos. Fertil Steril. 2009;91:589–96.CrossRefPubMed Abdelrazik H, Sharma R, Mahfouz R, Agarwal A. L-carnitine decreases DNA damage and improves the in vitro blastocyst development rate in mouse embryos. Fertil Steril. 2009;91:589–96.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Cook JA, Pass HI, Iype SN, Friedman N, DeGraff W, Russo A, et al. Cellular glutathione and thiol measurements from surgically resected human lung tumor and normal lung tissue. Cancer Res. 1991;51:4287–94.PubMed Cook JA, Pass HI, Iype SN, Friedman N, DeGraff W, Russo A, et al. Cellular glutathione and thiol measurements from surgically resected human lung tumor and normal lung tissue. Cancer Res. 1991;51:4287–94.PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Agarwal A, Allamaneni SS, Said TM. Chemiluminescence technique for measuring reactive oxygen species. Reprod BioMed Online. 2004;9:466–8.CrossRefPubMed Agarwal A, Allamaneni SS, Said TM. Chemiluminescence technique for measuring reactive oxygen species. Reprod BioMed Online. 2004;9:466–8.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Sharma RK, Agarwal A. Role of reactive oxygen species in gynecologic diseases. Reprod Med Biol. 2004;3:177–99.CrossRef Sharma RK, Agarwal A. Role of reactive oxygen species in gynecologic diseases. Reprod Med Biol. 2004;3:177–99.CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Zuccotti M, Boiani M, Ponce R, Guizzardi S, Scandroglio R, Garagna S, et al. Mouse Xist expression begins at zygotic genome activation and is timed by a zygotic clock. Mol Reprod Dev. 2002;61:14–20.CrossRefPubMed Zuccotti M, Boiani M, Ponce R, Guizzardi S, Scandroglio R, Garagna S, et al. Mouse Xist expression begins at zygotic genome activation and is timed by a zygotic clock. Mol Reprod Dev. 2002;61:14–20.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 2001;25:402–8.CrossRefPubMed Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 2001;25:402–8.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Sirard MA, Richard F, Blondin P, Robert C. Contribution of the oocyte to embryo quality. Theriogenology. 2006;65:126–36.CrossRefPubMed Sirard MA, Richard F, Blondin P, Robert C. Contribution of the oocyte to embryo quality. Theriogenology. 2006;65:126–36.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Opiela J, Lipinski D, Slomski R, Katska-Ksiazkiewicz L. Transcript expression of mitochondria related genes is correlated with bovine oocyte selection by BCB test. Anim Reprod Sci. 2010;118:188–93.CrossRefPubMed Opiela J, Lipinski D, Slomski R, Katska-Ksiazkiewicz L. Transcript expression of mitochondria related genes is correlated with bovine oocyte selection by BCB test. Anim Reprod Sci. 2010;118:188–93.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Thiyagarajan B, Valivittan K. Ameliorating effect of vitamin E on in vitro development of preimplantation buffalo embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2009;26:217–25.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Thiyagarajan B, Valivittan K. Ameliorating effect of vitamin E on in vitro development of preimplantation buffalo embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2009;26:217–25.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Kowaltowski AJ, Vercesi AE. Mitochondrial damage induced by conditions of oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999;26:463–71.CrossRefPubMed Kowaltowski AJ, Vercesi AE. Mitochondrial damage induced by conditions of oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999;26:463–71.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Shanti A, Santanam N, Morales AJ, Parthasarathy S, Murphy AA. Autoantibodies to markers of oxidative stress are elevated in women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 1999;71:1115–8.CrossRefPubMed Shanti A, Santanam N, Morales AJ, Parthasarathy S, Murphy AA. Autoantibodies to markers of oxidative stress are elevated in women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 1999;71:1115–8.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Karuputhula NB, Chattopadhyay R, Chakravarty B, Chaudhury K. Oxidative status in granulosa cells of infertile women undergoing IVF. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2013;59:91–8.CrossRefPubMed Karuputhula NB, Chattopadhyay R, Chakravarty B, Chaudhury K. Oxidative status in granulosa cells of infertile women undergoing IVF. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2013;59:91–8.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Natarajan R, Shankar MB, Munuswamy D. Effect of alpha-tocopherol supplementation on in vitro maturation of sheep oocytes and in vitro development of preimplantation sheep embryos to the blastocyst stage. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2010;27:483–90.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Natarajan R, Shankar MB, Munuswamy D. Effect of alpha-tocopherol supplementation on in vitro maturation of sheep oocytes and in vitro development of preimplantation sheep embryos to the blastocyst stage. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2010;27:483–90.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Fenkci SM, Fenkci V, Oztekin O, Rota S, Karagenc N. Serum total L-carnitine levels in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2008;23:1602–6.CrossRefPubMed Fenkci SM, Fenkci V, Oztekin O, Rota S, Karagenc N. Serum total L-carnitine levels in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2008;23:1602–6.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu GQ, Jia BY, Li JJ, Fu XW, Zhou GB, Hou YP, et al. L-carnitine enhances oocyte maturation and development of parthenogenetic embryos in pigs. Theriogenology. 2011;76:785–93.CrossRefPubMed Wu GQ, Jia BY, Li JJ, Fu XW, Zhou GB, Hou YP, et al. L-carnitine enhances oocyte maturation and development of parthenogenetic embryos in pigs. Theriogenology. 2011;76:785–93.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat You J, Lee J, Hyun SH, Lee E. L-carnitine treatment during oocyte maturation improves in vitro development of cloned pig embryos by influencing intracellular glutathione synthesis and embryonic gene expression. Theriogenology. 2012;78:235–43.CrossRefPubMed You J, Lee J, Hyun SH, Lee E. L-carnitine treatment during oocyte maturation improves in vitro development of cloned pig embryos by influencing intracellular glutathione synthesis and embryonic gene expression. Theriogenology. 2012;78:235–43.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Rausell F, Pertusa JF, Gomez-Piquer V, Hermenegildo C, Garcia-Perez MA, Cano A, et al. Beneficial effects of dithiothreitol on relative levels of glutathione S-transferase activity and thiols in oocytes, and cell number, DNA fragmentation and allocation at the blastocyst stage in the mouse. Mol Reprod Dev. 2007;74:860–9.CrossRefPubMed Rausell F, Pertusa JF, Gomez-Piquer V, Hermenegildo C, Garcia-Perez MA, Cano A, et al. Beneficial effects of dithiothreitol on relative levels of glutathione S-transferase activity and thiols in oocytes, and cell number, DNA fragmentation and allocation at the blastocyst stage in the mouse. Mol Reprod Dev. 2007;74:860–9.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Luberda Z. The role of glutathione in mammalian gametes. Reprod Biol. 2005;5:5–17.PubMed Luberda Z. The role of glutathione in mammalian gametes. Reprod Biol. 2005;5:5–17.PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Yoshida M, Ishigaki K, Nagai T, Chikyu M, Pursel VG. Glutathione concentration during maturation and after fertilization in pig oocytes: relevance to the ability of oocytes to form male pronucleus. Biol Reprod. 1993;49:89–94.CrossRefPubMed Yoshida M, Ishigaki K, Nagai T, Chikyu M, Pursel VG. Glutathione concentration during maturation and after fertilization in pig oocytes: relevance to the ability of oocytes to form male pronucleus. Biol Reprod. 1993;49:89–94.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Somfai T, Kaneda M, Akagi S, Watanabe S, Haraguchi S, Mizutani E, et al. Enhancement of lipid metabolism with L-carnitine during in vitro maturation improves nuclear maturation and cleavage ability of follicular porcine oocytes. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2011;23:912–20.CrossRefPubMed Somfai T, Kaneda M, Akagi S, Watanabe S, Haraguchi S, Mizutani E, et al. Enhancement of lipid metabolism with L-carnitine during in vitro maturation improves nuclear maturation and cleavage ability of follicular porcine oocytes. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2011;23:912–20.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Jeulin C, Lewin LM. Role of free L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine in post-gonadal maturation of mammalian spermatozoa. Hum Reprod Update. 1996;2:87–102.CrossRefPubMed Jeulin C, Lewin LM. Role of free L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine in post-gonadal maturation of mammalian spermatozoa. Hum Reprod Update. 1996;2:87–102.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Dunning KR, Cashman K, Russell DL, Thompson JG, Norman RJ, Robker RL. Beta-oxidation is essential for mouse oocyte developmental competence and early embryo development. Biol Reprod. 2010;83:909–18.CrossRefPubMed Dunning KR, Cashman K, Russell DL, Thompson JG, Norman RJ, Robker RL. Beta-oxidation is essential for mouse oocyte developmental competence and early embryo development. Biol Reprod. 2010;83:909–18.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou W, Xiang T, Walker S, Farrar V, Hwang E, Findeisen B, et al. Global gene expression analysis of bovine blastocysts produced by multiple methods. Mol Reprod Dev. 2008;75:744–58.CrossRefPubMed Zhou W, Xiang T, Walker S, Farrar V, Hwang E, Findeisen B, et al. Global gene expression analysis of bovine blastocysts produced by multiple methods. Mol Reprod Dev. 2008;75:744–58.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Racedo SE, Wrenzycki C, Lepikhov K, Salamone D, Walter J, Niemann H. Epigenetic modifications and related mRNA expression during bovine oocyte in vitro maturation. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2009;21:738–48.CrossRefPubMed Racedo SE, Wrenzycki C, Lepikhov K, Salamone D, Walter J, Niemann H. Epigenetic modifications and related mRNA expression during bovine oocyte in vitro maturation. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2009;21:738–48.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Salhab M, Dhorne-Pollet S, Auclair S, Guyader-Joly C, Brisard D, Dalbies-Tran R, et al. In vitro maturation of oocytes alters gene expression and signaling pathways in bovine cumulus cells. Mol Reprod Dev. 2013;80:166–82.CrossRefPubMed Salhab M, Dhorne-Pollet S, Auclair S, Guyader-Joly C, Brisard D, Dalbies-Tran R, et al. In vitro maturation of oocytes alters gene expression and signaling pathways in bovine cumulus cells. Mol Reprod Dev. 2013;80:166–82.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Paradis F, Novak S, Murdoch GK, Dyck MK, Dixon WT, Foxcroft GR. Temporal regulation of BMP2, BMP6, BMP15, GDF9, BMPR1A, BMPR1B, BMPR2 and TGFBR1 mRNA expression in the oocyte, granulosa and theca cells of developing preovulatory follicles in the pig. Reproduction. 2009;138:115–29.CrossRefPubMed Paradis F, Novak S, Murdoch GK, Dyck MK, Dixon WT, Foxcroft GR. Temporal regulation of BMP2, BMP6, BMP15, GDF9, BMPR1A, BMPR1B, BMPR2 and TGFBR1 mRNA expression in the oocyte, granulosa and theca cells of developing preovulatory follicles in the pig. Reproduction. 2009;138:115–29.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee SE, Kim EY, Choi HY, Moon JJ, Park MJ, Lee JB, et al. Rapamycin rescues the poor developmental capacity of aged porcine oocytes. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2014;27:635–47.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Lee SE, Kim EY, Choi HY, Moon JJ, Park MJ, Lee JB, et al. Rapamycin rescues the poor developmental capacity of aged porcine oocytes. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2014;27:635–47.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Hussein TS, Thompson JG, Gilchrist RB. Oocyte-secreted factors enhance oocyte developmental competence. Dev Biol. 2006;296:514–21.CrossRefPubMed Hussein TS, Thompson JG, Gilchrist RB. Oocyte-secreted factors enhance oocyte developmental competence. Dev Biol. 2006;296:514–21.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang DX, Park WJ, Sun SC, Xu YN, Li YH, Cui XS, et al. Regulation of maternal gene expression by MEK/MAPK and MPF signaling in porcine oocytes during in vitro meiotic maturation. J Reprod Dev. 2011;57:49–56.CrossRefPubMed Zhang DX, Park WJ, Sun SC, Xu YN, Li YH, Cui XS, et al. Regulation of maternal gene expression by MEK/MAPK and MPF signaling in porcine oocytes during in vitro meiotic maturation. J Reprod Dev. 2011;57:49–56.CrossRefPubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat De Smedt V, Poulhe R, Cayla X, Dessauge F, Karaiskou A, Jessus C, et al. Thr-161 phosphorylation of monomeric Cdc2. Regulation by protein phosphatase 2C in Xenopus oocytes. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:28592–600.CrossRefPubMed De Smedt V, Poulhe R, Cayla X, Dessauge F, Karaiskou A, Jessus C, et al. Thr-161 phosphorylation of monomeric Cdc2. Regulation by protein phosphatase 2C in Xenopus oocytes. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:28592–600.CrossRefPubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim KH, Kim EY, Kim Y, Kim E, Lee HS, Yoon SY, et al. Gas6 downregulation impaired cytoplasmic maturation and pronuclear formation independent to the MPF activity. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e23304.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Kim KH, Kim EY, Kim Y, Kim E, Lee HS, Yoon SY, et al. Gas6 downregulation impaired cytoplasmic maturation and pronuclear formation independent to the MPF activity. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e23304.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Takahashi T, Inaba Y, Somfai T, Kaneda M, Geshi M, Nagai T, et al. Supplementation of culture medium with L-carnitine improves development and cryotolerance of bovine embryos produced in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2013;25:589–99.CrossRefPubMed Takahashi T, Inaba Y, Somfai T, Kaneda M, Geshi M, Nagai T, et al. Supplementation of culture medium with L-carnitine improves development and cryotolerance of bovine embryos produced in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2013;25:589–99.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on maturation and early embryo development of immature mouse oocytes selected by brilliant cresyle blue staining
verfasst von
Zohreh Zare
Reza Masteri Farahani
Mohammad Salehi
Abbas Piryaei
Marefat Ghaffari Novin
Fatemeh Fadaei Fathabadi
Moslem Mohammadi
Maryam Dehghani-Mohammadabadi
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2015
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics / Ausgabe 4/2015
Print ISSN: 1058-0468
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7330
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-015-0430-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2015

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 4/2015 Zur Ausgabe

Update Gynäkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert – ganz bequem per eMail.