Introduction
Methods
Reference (1st author, number) | Country | Setting | Food store tool | Outcome of interest | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fruit/vegetable checklist | Overall health (NEMS-S, Market Basket) | Prepared food | Snack food | Neighborhood availability/quality | Price | BMI | Dietary pattern | |||
Andreyeva [2] | US | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Baker [4] | US | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Ball [6] | Australia | Urban | X (include F/V) | X | ||||||
Block [9] | US | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Bustillos [13] | US | Rural | X | |||||||
Caldwell [14] | US | Rural/urban | X | X | X | |||||
Casagrande [15] | US | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Cole [17] | US | Urban | X | |||||||
Creel [19] | US | Rural | X | X | ||||||
Cummins [20] | Scotland | Rural/urban | X | X | ||||||
Cummins [21] | Scotland | rural/urban | X | X | X | |||||
Cummins [88] | Scotland | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Dean [22] | US | Rural | X | X | X | |||||
Donkin [23] | US | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Dunn [26] | US | Rural | X | X | ||||||
Edmonds [27] | US | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Farley [29] | US | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Franco [33] | US | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Franco [32] | US | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Ghirardelli [34] | US | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Australia | Urban | X | X | |||||||
Grigsby-Toussaint [40] | US | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Gustafson [41] | US | Rural | X | X | X | |||||
Guy [42] | United Kingdom | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Harrison [44] | Australia | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Hermstad [45] | US | Rural | X | X | ||||||
Horowitz [46] | US | Urban | X | X | X | |||||
Hosler (2006) | US | Rural | X | X | ||||||
Hosler [48] | US | Rural | X | X | ||||||
Hosler [47] | US | Rural | X | X | ||||||
Jetter [49] | US | Urban | X | X | X | |||||
Kipke [51] | US | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Krukowski [52] | US | Urban | X | X | X | |||||
Latham [53] | Canada | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Lee [54] | US | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Leone [56] | US | Urban | X | X | X | |||||
Liese [57] | US | Rural | X | X | X | |||||
Lucan [59] | US | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Morland [64] | US | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Mhurchu [63] | New Zealand | Urban | X | X | ||||||
O’Connell [65] | US | Rural (American Indian Tribe) | X | X | X | |||||
Pearson [67] | United Kingdom | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Rose (2009) | US | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Rose [68] | US | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Sharkey [73] | US | Rural | X | X | ||||||
US | Rural | X | X | |||||||
Sloane [76] | US | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Smith [77] | Scotland | Rural/urban | X | X | ||||||
Sturm (2005) | US | Urban | X | X | X | |||||
Thornton [81] | Australia | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Williams (2011) | Australia | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Williams [83] | Nova Scotia | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Winkler [84] | Australia | Urban | X | X | X | |||||
Zenk [86] | US | Urban | X | X | X | |||||
Zenk [87] | US | Urban | X | X | ||||||
Zenk [87] | US | Urban | X | X | X |
Results
(n = 56) | N (Percentage of total) | |
---|---|---|
Study setting | Rural | 13 (23) |
Urban | 39 (70) | |
Both rural/urban | 4 (7) | |
Country | United States | 41 (73) |
Australia | 6 (11) | |
Canada | 1 (2) | |
United Kingdom | 2 (4) | |
New Zealand | 1 (2) | |
Scotland | 4 (7) | |
Nova Scotia | 1 (2) | |
Food tool used | Overall availability | 30 (52) |
Fruit and vegetable availability only | 18 (32) | |
Prepared food | 2 (4) | |
Snack food | 4 (7) | |
Snack food including fruit/vegetable | 1 (2) | |
Prepared and snack food | 1 (2) | |
Outcome Measureda
| Neighborhood availability/quality | 30 (54) |
Price | 21 (38) | |
Body mass index (BMI) | 6 (11) | |
Dietary pattern | 6 (11) | |
Year published | 2000–2003 | 3 (5) |
2004–2007 | 18 (32) | |
2008–2011 | 35 (61) |
Overall Food Availability in Stores
Neighborhood Characteristics
Authors | Number of items surveyed | Food categories | Results | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Audit tool used (overall availability) | ||||
NEMS-S (Glanz) | Casagrande SS, Gustafson A, Franco M, Hermstad AK, Krukowski, Leone | 8 Food categories | Nonfat/low-fat milk, fresh fruits and vegetables, ground beef, chicken, frozen foods, low-sodium items (tuna, soup), whole wheat bread, low-sugar cereal | Casagrande-high avail ass with high BMI Gustafson—null Franco–less availability in low-income neighborhood Hermstad-null; Krukowski–null; Leone—less availability in low-income neighborhood |
NEMS-S (Rudd) | Andreyeva T | 13 Food categories | Milk, cheese, fruit, vegetables, frozen and canned vegetables, meat, meat alternatives, bread, grains, cereal, potato chips, and beverages | Less availability in low-income neighborhoods |
Food pattern basket | Donkin A, Giskes, Latham | 71 (Donkin), 28 (Giskes), 67 (Latham) | Fresh, tinned, frozen fruits and vegetables, fresh and frozen fish and meat, breakfast cereals, milk, cheese, yogurt, cooking spreads, sweets, chocolate, carbonated beverages | Donkin—higher prices in smaller stores Giskes—healthy basket is more expensive Latham—null |
Market basket | Guy, Harrison MS, Mhurchu, O’Connell, Thornton, Williams PL, Zenk (2009) | 50 (Guy) others are not available | Fresh fruits and vegetables, frozen and canned vegetables, cooking oil, eggs, whole grain bread, pasta, cereal, rice, low-fat dairy, juice, beans, poultry, canned fish | Guy—higher prices in smaller stores Harrison—healthy basket is more expensive Mhurchu—null O’Connell—lower prices in larger stores Thornton—null Williams—healthy basket is more expensive Zenk—null |
Thirfty food plan | Block D, Jetter KM | 22 (Block), 19 (Jetter) | Bread, canned fruit, cheese, poultry, cereal, cooking oil, milk, flour, potatoes, fish, meat, milk, rice, salad dressing, spreads, tuna | Block—prices differ between store types Jetter—healthy basket is more expensive |
Dietary guideline audit | Baker EA, Bustillos B | 78 (Baker), 75 (Bustillos) | Fruits, vegetable, canned and frozen fruits and vegetables, meat, poultry, dairy, eggs, dried fruit, canned fish, reduced-fat peanut butter, whole grain breads, brown rice, oatmeal, healthy condiments/spreads, low-fat snack items | Baker—less availability in low-income neighborhood Bustillos—high availability of healthy foods in traditional food stores |
Food item checklist | Lee RE, Liese AD, Sloane DC | 33 (Freedman), 21 (Liese) | Fresh fruits, vegetables, lean meats, low-fat milk, eggs, and whole-grain breads | Lee—low quality available in low-income neighborhood Liese—healthy basket is more expensive Sloane—low quality available in low-income neighborhood |
Diabetes food list | Horowitz | 5 | Diet soda, low-fat milk, high fiber bread, low-carbohydrate bread, fresh fruits and vegetables | Less availability in low-income neighborhoods |
Audit tool (fruit and vegetable) | ||||
Display space for produce | Caldwell E | Fresh, packaged, frozen and canned produce, and frozen, canned and bottled juice | More variety was associated with improved intake of F/V | |
Healthy eating indicator shopping basket (HEISB) | Cummins S, Smith | 15 | Fresh, canned, frozen fruits and vegetables, and 100% fruit juice | Cummins—low quality available in low-income neighborhoods Smith—least deprived neighborhood had best access to high availability of healthy food |
Checklist availability | Cole, Dunn R, Edmonds J, Ghirardelli, Grigsby-Toussaint, Hosler, Kipke, Morland, Pearson, Sharkey (2010), Winkler, Zenk (2006) | 21 (Dunn), 7 (Ghirardelli), 39 (Cole & Morland), 10 (Winkler), 80 (Zenk) | Fresh fruits and vegetables based on consumption patterns. Frozen and canned (Morland and Sharkey 2010) | Cole—minority residents less availability Dunn—F/V more expensive in minority neighborhood Edmonds—availability not associated with intake Ghirardelli—small stores did have high availability Grisgby—minority residents less availability Hosler—low quality available in low-income neighborhood Kipke—low quality available in low-income neighborhood Morland—minority residents less availability Sharkey—proximity to availability is associated with intake Winkler—null Zenk—null |
Grigsby-Toussaint | 59 (25 common foods, 16 African American, 18 Latino) | Fresh fruits and vegetables, include African American and Latino culturally specific items | ||
Audit tool (other) | ||||
Prepared food | Creel J, Sharkey (2011) | 25 | Entrees (Breakfast, lunch and dinner), side dishes, beverages, and desserts | Creel—greater variety of regular entrees in supermarkets compared to fast-food Sharkey—high availability of prepared foods in supermarkets |
Ethnic and American food | Dean W | Not available | Fruits and vegetables, taquerias, prepared hot foods, frozen sweet items, sweet and fried items, salty snacks, candy, bread and tortillas, sweetened breads, herbs and spices, live farm animal products, juice, sods, sugar-sweetened beverages | High availability of prepared foods in supermarkets |
Snack items | Farley, Lucan | Not available | Sweetened beverages, coffee, salty snacks, candy, baked sweets, and frozen sweets, fresh and packaged fruits and vegetables and items with whole grains (Lucan only) | Farley—null Lucan—high availability of snack foods in corner stores |
Fruit, vegetable, snack | Ball K, Rose | 53 (Ball) | Fresh fruits, vegetables, chocolate, cakes, pastries, sausage rolls, pizza, chips, soft drinks | Ball—availability of healthy foods only slightly favored high income neighborhood stores Rose—more shelf space was associated with higher BMI |
Shelf-space for food categories (Rose) | Snack food categories: candies, salty snacks, cookies and pastries, and carbondated beverages. Include fresh, canned, and frozen fruits and vegetables |