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Prevention Science

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01.04.2015

Effectiveness of Brief School-Based Interventions for Adolescents: A Meta-analysis of Alcohol Use Prevention Programs

verfasst von: Emily A. Hennessy, Emily E. Tanner-Smith

Erschienen in: Prevention Science | Ausgabe 3/2015

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Abstract

To conduct a meta-analysis summarizing the effectiveness of school-based brief alcohol interventions (BAIs) among adolescents and to examine possible iatrogenic effects due to deviancy training in group-delivered interventions, a systematic search for eligible studies was undertaken, current through December 31, 2012. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they used an experimental/quasi-experimental design; focused on school-based BAIs; enrolled adolescent participants; and reported an alcohol-related outcome measure. Studies were coded for key variables, and outcome effect sizes were analyzed as standardized mean differences adjusted for small samples (Hedges’ g). Analyses were conducted using inverse-variance weighted mixed-effects meta-regression models. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted. Across all 17 studies eligible for inclusion, school-based BAIs were associated with significant improvements among adolescents, whereby adolescents in the BAI groups reduced their alcohol consumption relative to the control groups (ḡ = 0.34, 95 % CI [0.11, 0.56]). Subgroup analyses indicated that whereas individually-delivered BAIs were effective (ḡ = 0.58, 95 % CI [0.23, 0.92]), there was no evidence that group-delivered BAIs were associated with reductions in alcohol use (ḡ = −0.02, 95 % CI [−0.17, 0.14]). Delivery format was confounded with program modality, however, such that motivational enhancement therapy was the most effective modality, but was rarely implemented in group-delivered interventions. Some school-based BAIs are effective in reducing adolescent alcohol consumption, but may be ineffective if delivered in group settings. Future research should explore whether group-delivered BAIs that use motivational enhancement therapy components may yield beneficial outcomes like those observed in individually-delivered programs.

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In most meta-analyses, the effect size indexes the relationship between two variables in a primary study (e.g., x = BAI delivery; y = post-intervention alcohol use). As such, variables used to predict the magnitude of effect sizes in a meta-analysis (e.g., z = intervention delivery format) are typically called moderators because they are hypothesized to modify the effect of the intervention on the outcome of interest (see Higgins and Green 2011; Lipsey and Wilson 2001). We use this standard meta-analysis terminology of “effect size moderators” in the current study.

This estimate is based on data from the larger meta-analysis (Tanner-Smith and Lipsey 2014), using the average mean and standard deviation of post-intervention alcohol consumption among control group participants on items measuring frequency of alcohol consumption in the past 30 days using a timeline follow-back outcome measure.

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Titel: Effectiveness of Brief School-Based Interventions for Adolescents: A Meta-analysis of Alcohol Use Prevention Programs
verfasst von: Emily A. Hennessy
Emily E. Tanner-Smith
Publikationsdatum: 01.04.2015
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Prevention Science / Ausgabe 3/2015
Print ISSN: 1389-4986
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-6695
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-014-0512-0

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