Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Prevention Science 7/2015

01.10.2015

Increasing the Sensitivity of Measures to Change

verfasst von: Carlotta Ching Ting Fok, David Henry

Erschienen in: Prevention Science | Ausgabe 7/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Little attention is paid in prevention research to the ability of measures to accurately assess change, termed “responsiveness” or “sensitivity to change.” This paper reviews definitions and measures of responsiveness, and suggests five strategies for increasing sensitivity to change, with central focus on prevention research with small samples: (a) improving understandability and cultural validity, (b) assuring that the measure covers the full range of the latent construct being measured, (c) eliminating redundant items, (d) maximizing sensitivity of the device used to collect responses; and (e) asking directly about change. Examples of the application of each strategy are provided. The discussion focuses on using the issues as a checklist for improving measures and the implications of sensitivity to change for prevention research with small samples.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Bartunek, J. M., & Moch, M. K. (1987). First-order, second-order, and third-order change and organization development interventions: A cognitive approach. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 23, 483–500. doi:10.1177/002188638702300404.CrossRef Bartunek, J. M., & Moch, M. K. (1987). First-order, second-order, and third-order change and organization development interventions: A cognitive approach. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 23, 483–500. doi:10.​1177/​0021886387023004​04.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Beneke, M., & Rasmus, W. (1992). ‘Clinical global impressions’ (ECDEU): Some critical comments. Pharmacopsychiatrie, 25, 171–176.CrossRef Beneke, M., & Rasmus, W. (1992). ‘Clinical global impressions’ (ECDEU): Some critical comments. Pharmacopsychiatrie, 25, 171–176.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Campbell, D. T., Stanley, J. C., & Gage, N. L. (1963). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company. Campbell, D. T., Stanley, J. C., & Gage, N. L. (1963). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company.
Zurück zum Zitat Dahlke, F., Lohaus, A., & Gutzmann, H. (1992). Reliability and clinical concepts underlying global judgments in dementia: Implications for clinical research. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 28, 425–432.PubMed Dahlke, F., Lohaus, A., & Gutzmann, H. (1992). Reliability and clinical concepts underlying global judgments in dementia: Implications for clinical research. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 28, 425–432.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Ebesutani, C., Drescher, C. F., Reise, S. P., Heiden, L., Hight, T. L., Damond, J. D., & Young, J. (2012). The Loneliness Questionnaire–Short version: An evaluation of reverse-worded and non-reverse-worded items via item response theory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 427–437. doi:10.1080/00223891.2012.662188.CrossRefPubMed Ebesutani, C., Drescher, C. F., Reise, S. P., Heiden, L., Hight, T. L., Damond, J. D., & Young, J. (2012). The Loneliness Questionnaire–Short version: An evaluation of reverse-worded and non-reverse-worded items via item response theory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 427–437. doi:10.​1080/​00223891.​2012.​662188.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Fok, C. C. T., Allen, J., Henry, D., Mohatt, G., & People Awakening Team. (2011a). Multicultural Mastery Scale for Youth: Multidimensional assessment of culturally mediated coping strategies. Psychological Assessment. doi:10.1037/a0025505.PubMedCentralPubMed Fok, C. C. T., Allen, J., Henry, D., Mohatt, G., & People Awakening Team. (2011a). Multicultural Mastery Scale for Youth: Multidimensional assessment of culturally mediated coping strategies. Psychological Assessment. doi:10.​1037/​a0025505.PubMedCentralPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Fok, C.C.T., Allen, J.A., & Henry, D., The People Awakening Team. (2011b). The Brief Family Relationship Scale: A brief measure of the relationship dimension in family functioning. doi:10.1177/1073191111425856. Fok, C.C.T., Allen, J.A., & Henry, D., The People Awakening Team. (2011b). The Brief Family Relationship Scale: A brief measure of the relationship dimension in family functioning. doi:10.​1177/​1073191111425856​.
Zurück zum Zitat Fok, C.C.T., Henry, D., & Allen, J.A. (this issue). Maybe small is too small a term: Introduction to advancing small sample prevention science. Fok, C.C.T., Henry, D., & Allen, J.A. (this issue). Maybe small is too small a term: Introduction to advancing small sample prevention science.
Zurück zum Zitat Frank, E., Prien, R. F., Jarrett, R. B., Keller, M. B., Kupfer, D. J., Lavori, P. W., Rush, A. J., & Weissman, M. M. (1991). Conceptualization and rationale for consensus definitions of terms in major depressive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 851–855.CrossRefPubMed Frank, E., Prien, R. F., Jarrett, R. B., Keller, M. B., Kupfer, D. J., Lavori, P. W., Rush, A. J., & Weissman, M. M. (1991). Conceptualization and rationale for consensus definitions of terms in major depressive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 851–855.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole & J. L. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and semantics (Vol. 3, pp. 41–58). New York: Academic. Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole & J. L. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and semantics (Vol. 3, pp. 41–58). New York: Academic.
Zurück zum Zitat Guastello, S. J., Aruka, Y., Doyle, M., & Smerz, K. E. (2008). Cross-cultural generalizability of a cusp catastrophe model for binge drinking among college students. Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences, 12, 397–407.PubMed Guastello, S. J., Aruka, Y., Doyle, M., & Smerz, K. E. (2008). Cross-cultural generalizability of a cusp catastrophe model for binge drinking among college students. Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences, 12, 397–407.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Guy, W. (1976). Clinical global impressions. In W. Guy (Ed.), ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology, revised (pp. 218–222). Rockville: National Institute of Mental Health. Guy, W. (1976). Clinical global impressions. In W. Guy (Ed.), ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology, revised (pp. 218–222). Rockville: National Institute of Mental Health.
Zurück zum Zitat Guyatt, G., Walter, S., & Norman, G. (1987). Measuring change over time: Assessing the usefulness of evaluative instruments. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 40, 171–178.CrossRefPubMed Guyatt, G., Walter, S., & Norman, G. (1987). Measuring change over time: Assessing the usefulness of evaluative instruments. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 40, 171–178.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Guyatt, G. H., Deyo, R. A., Charlson, M., Levine, M. N., & Mitchell, A. (1989). Responsiveness and validity in health status measurement: A clarification. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 42, 403–408.CrossRefPubMed Guyatt, G. H., Deyo, R. A., Charlson, M., Levine, M. N., & Mitchell, A. (1989). Responsiveness and validity in health status measurement: A clarification. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 42, 403–408.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hanley, J. A., & McNeil, B. J. (1983). A method of comparing the areas under receiver operating characteristics curves derived from the same cases. Radiology, 148, 839–843.CrossRefPubMed Hanley, J. A., & McNeil, B. J. (1983). A method of comparing the areas under receiver operating characteristics curves derived from the same cases. Radiology, 148, 839–843.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hays, R. D., & Hadorn, D. (1992). Responsiveness to change: An aspect of validity, not a separate dimension. Quality of Life Research, 1, 73–75.CrossRefPubMed Hays, R. D., & Hadorn, D. (1992). Responsiveness to change: An aspect of validity, not a separate dimension. Quality of Life Research, 1, 73–75.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Henry, D., Pavuluri, M. N., Youngstrom, E., & Birmaher, B. (2008). Accuracy of brief and full forms of the child mania rating scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64, 1–14. doi:10.1002/jclp.20464.CrossRef Henry, D., Pavuluri, M. N., Youngstrom, E., & Birmaher, B. (2008). Accuracy of brief and full forms of the child mania rating scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64, 1–14. doi:10.​1002/​jclp.​20464.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Himadi, W. G., Boice, R., & Barlow, D. H. (1986). Assessment of agoraphobia—II: Measurement of clinical change. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 321–332.CrossRefPubMed Himadi, W. G., Boice, R., & Barlow, D. H. (1986). Assessment of agoraphobia—II: Measurement of clinical change. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 321–332.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Jackson, T., McKenzie, J., & Hobfoll, S. E. (2000). Communal aspects of self-regulation. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeider (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation. San Diego: Academic. Jackson, T., McKenzie, J., & Hobfoll, S. E. (2000). Communal aspects of self-regulation. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeider (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation. San Diego: Academic.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991). Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 12.CrossRefPubMed Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991). Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 12.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Kristal, A. R., Beresford, S. A., & Lazovich, D. (1994). Assessing change in diet-intervention research. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 59, 185S–189S.PubMed Kristal, A. R., Beresford, S. A., & Lazovich, D. (1994). Assessing change in diet-intervention research. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 59, 185S–189S.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Lewin, K. (1947). Frontiers in group dynamics. Human Relations, 1, 143–153.CrossRef Lewin, K. (1947). Frontiers in group dynamics. Human Relations, 1, 143–153.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Liang, M. H., Fossel, A. H., & Larson, M. G. (1990). Comparisons of five health status instruments for orthopaedic evaluation. Medical Care, 28, 632–642.CrossRefPubMed Liang, M. H., Fossel, A. H., & Larson, M. G. (1990). Comparisons of five health status instruments for orthopaedic evaluation. Medical Care, 28, 632–642.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Linacre, J. M. (2002). Optimizing rating scale category effectiveness. Journal of Applied Measurement, 3, 85–106.PubMed Linacre, J. M. (2002). Optimizing rating scale category effectiveness. Journal of Applied Measurement, 3, 85–106.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Metz, C. E. (1978). Basic principles of ROC analysis. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine, 8, 283–298.CrossRefPubMed Metz, C. E. (1978). Basic principles of ROC analysis. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine, 8, 283–298.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Mohatt, G. V., Fok, C. C. T., Henry, D., Allen, J., & People Awakening Team. (2014). Feasibility of a community intervention for the prevention of suicide and alcohol abuse with Yup’ik Alaska Native youth: The Elluam Tungiinun and Yupiucimta Asvairtuumallerkaa studies. American Journal of Community Psychology, 54, 153–169. doi:10.1007/s10464-014-9646-2.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Mohatt, G. V., Fok, C. C. T., Henry, D., Allen, J., & People Awakening Team. (2014). Feasibility of a community intervention for the prevention of suicide and alcohol abuse with Yup’ik Alaska Native youth: The Elluam Tungiinun and Yupiucimta Asvairtuumallerkaa studies. American Journal of Community Psychology, 54, 153–169. doi:10.​1007/​s10464-014-9646-2.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Norman, G. R., Stratford, P., & Regehr, G. (1997). Methodological problems in the retrospective computation of responsiveness to change: The lesson of Cronbach alpha. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 50, 869–879.CrossRefPubMed Norman, G. R., Stratford, P., & Regehr, G. (1997). Methodological problems in the retrospective computation of responsiveness to change: The lesson of Cronbach alpha. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 50, 869–879.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Pavuluri, M. N., Henry, D., Naylor, M., Carbray, J., Sampson, G., & Janicak, P. G. (2004). A pharmacotherapy algorithm for stabilization and maintenance of pediatric bipolar disorder. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 859–867.CrossRef Pavuluri, M. N., Henry, D., Naylor, M., Carbray, J., Sampson, G., & Janicak, P. G. (2004). A pharmacotherapy algorithm for stabilization and maintenance of pediatric bipolar disorder. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 859–867.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pearlin, L. I., Menaghan, E. G., Lieberman, M. A., & Mullan, J. T. (1981). The stress process. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 22, 337–356.CrossRef Pearlin, L. I., Menaghan, E. G., Lieberman, M. A., & Mullan, J. T. (1981). The stress process. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 22, 337–356.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1983). Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: Toward an integrative model of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 390–395.CrossRefPubMed Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1983). Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: Toward an integrative model of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 390–395.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Puhan, M. A., Bryant, D., Guyatt, G. H., Heels-Ansdell, D., & Schünemann, H. J. (2005). Internal consistency reliability is a poor predictor of responsiveness. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 3, 1–8. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-3-33.CrossRef Puhan, M. A., Bryant, D., Guyatt, G. H., Heels-Ansdell, D., & Schünemann, H. J. (2005). Internal consistency reliability is a poor predictor of responsiveness. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 3, 1–8. doi:10.​1186/​1477-7525-3-33.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rizopoulos, D. (2006). ltm: An R package for latent variable modelling and item response theory analyses. Journal of Statistical Software, 17, 1–25.CrossRef Rizopoulos, D. (2006). ltm: An R package for latent variable modelling and item response theory analyses. Journal of Statistical Software, 17, 1–25.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Samejima, F. (1969). Estimation of latent ability using a response pattern of graded scores. Psychometrika Monograph Supplement, 34, 100–114. Samejima, F. (1969). Estimation of latent ability using a response pattern of graded scores. Psychometrika Monograph Supplement, 34, 100–114.
Zurück zum Zitat Sato, T. L., Turnbull, C. D., Davidson, J. R. T., & Madakasira, S. (1984). Depressive illness and placebo response. International Journal of Psychiatry Medicine, 14, 171–179.CrossRef Sato, T. L., Turnbull, C. D., Davidson, J. R. T., & Madakasira, S. (1984). Depressive illness and placebo response. International Journal of Psychiatry Medicine, 14, 171–179.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Schwarz, N. (1999). Self-reports: How the questions shape the answers. American Psychologist, 54, 93–105.CrossRef Schwarz, N. (1999). Self-reports: How the questions shape the answers. American Psychologist, 54, 93–105.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Schwarz, N., Knäuper, B., Hippler, H. J., Noelle-Neumann, E., & Clar, F. (1991). Rating scales: Numeric values may change the meaning of scale labels. Public Opinion Quarterly, 55, 570–582.CrossRef Schwarz, N., Knäuper, B., Hippler, H. J., Noelle-Neumann, E., & Clar, F. (1991). Rating scales: Numeric values may change the meaning of scale labels. Public Opinion Quarterly, 55, 570–582.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Spearing, M. K., Post, R. M., Levericha, G. S., Brandt, D., & Nolen, W. (1997). Modification of the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale for use in bipolar illness (BP): The CGI-BP. Psychiatric Research, 73, 159–171.CrossRef Spearing, M. K., Post, R. M., Levericha, G. S., Brandt, D., & Nolen, W. (1997). Modification of the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale for use in bipolar illness (BP): The CGI-BP. Psychiatric Research, 73, 159–171.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Spybrook, J., Raudenbush, S. W., Congdon, R., & Martínez, A. (2009). Optimal design for longitudinal and multilevel research: Documentation for the “Optimal Design” software. New York: William T. Grant Foundation. Spybrook, J., Raudenbush, S. W., Congdon, R., & Martínez, A. (2009). Optimal design for longitudinal and multilevel research: Documentation for the “Optimal Design” software. New York: William T. Grant Foundation.
Zurück zum Zitat Streiner, D. L., & Norman, G. R. (1995). Health measurement scales: A practical guide to their development and use (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Streiner, D. L., & Norman, G. R. (1995). Health measurement scales: A practical guide to their development and use (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Wakschlag, L.S., Briggs-Gowan, M.J., Choi, S.W., Nichols, S.R., Kestler, J., Burns, J.L., … & Henry, D. (2014). Advancing a multidimensional, developmental spectrum approach to preschool disruptive behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(1), 82–96. Wakschlag, L.S., Briggs-Gowan, M.J., Choi, S.W., Nichols, S.R., Kestler, J., Burns, J.L., … & Henry, D. (2014). Advancing a multidimensional, developmental spectrum approach to preschool disruptive behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(1), 82–96.
Zurück zum Zitat Wästberg, B. A., Haglund, L., & Eklund, M. (2012). The work environment impact scale–self-rating (WEIS-SR) evaluated in primary health care in Sweden. Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation, 42, 447–457. Wästberg, B. A., Haglund, L., & Eklund, M. (2012). The work environment impact scale–self-rating (WEIS-SR) evaluated in primary health care in Sweden. Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation, 42, 447–457.
Zurück zum Zitat West, A. E., Celio, C. I., Henry, D. B., & Pavuluri, M. N. (2011). Child mania rating scale-parent version: A valid measure of symptom change due to pharmacotherapy. Journal of Affective Disorders, 128, 112–119.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed West, A. E., Celio, C. I., Henry, D. B., & Pavuluri, M. N. (2011). Child mania rating scale-parent version: A valid measure of symptom change due to pharmacotherapy. Journal of Affective Disorders, 128, 112–119.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Zimmerman, M., McGlinchey, J. B., Posternak, M. A., Friedman, M., Attiullah, N., & Boerescu, D. (2006). How should remission from depression be defined? The depressed patient’s perspective. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 148–150.CrossRefPubMed Zimmerman, M., McGlinchey, J. B., Posternak, M. A., Friedman, M., Attiullah, N., & Boerescu, D. (2006). How should remission from depression be defined? The depressed patient’s perspective. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 148–150.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Increasing the Sensitivity of Measures to Change
verfasst von
Carlotta Ching Ting Fok
David Henry
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2015
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Prevention Science / Ausgabe 7/2015
Print ISSN: 1389-4986
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-6695
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-015-0545-z

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2015

Prevention Science 7/2015 Zur Ausgabe