Introduction
Methods
Literature search
Inclusion criteria
Physiological factors for improving VO2max
Effects of resistance training on VO2max
Young subjects
Author | Sex | Age | Subject | Group | Period frequency | Training program | Muscle strength | Muscle size | VO2max (ml/kg/min) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Equipment | % | %/S | % | Mode | Baseline | % | %/S | ||||||||
Hickson et al. [26] | M | 23 | Healthy active | RT | 10 weeks | 80 % 1RM | KE | 50 | 1.00 | – | – | T | 47.8 | NS (2) | 0.04 |
5 reps | |||||||||||||||
5 days/week | 3 sets (F and M) | 1RM | |||||||||||||
Hickson [25] | M | 22 | Physically active | RT | 10 weeks | 80 % 1RM | SQ | 44 | 0.88 | – | – | T | 46.7 | NS (1) | 0.03 |
5 reps | |||||||||||||||
F | 5 days/week | 3–5 sets (F and M) | 1RM | ||||||||||||
Stone et al. [47] | M | College | Healthy sedentary | RT | 8 weeks | 5–10RM | – | – | – | LBM | 4 | E | 39.5 | 6 | 0.13 |
Age | 6 days/week | 3–5 sets (F and M) | |||||||||||||
Rutherford et al. [41] | M | 28 | Physically active | KE | 12 weeks | 80 % 1RM | KE | 20 | 0.56 | – | – | E | 2.91a
| NS (−2) | −0.06 |
6 reps | |||||||||||||||
3 days/week | 4 sets (M) | IsoM | |||||||||||||
Nelson et al. [37] | M | 27 | Healthy untrained | RT | 20 weeks | 6 maximal-effort reps, 3 sets | KE | 45 | 0.56 | fCSA | 15 | T | 55.3 | NS (1) | 0.01 |
4 days/week | Cybex II | IsoK | |||||||||||||
Craig et al. [13] | M | 23.5 | University student | RT | 10 weeks | 75 % 1RM | LP | 6 | 0.20 | LBM | 4 | T | 46.1 | NS (1) | 0.03 |
8–10 reps | |||||||||||||||
3 days/week | 3 sets (M) | 1RM | |||||||||||||
Marcinik et al. [34] | M | 29 | Healthy untrained | RT | 12 weeks | 8–20RM | KE | 30 | 0.83 | – | – | T | 44.7 | NS (0) | 0.01 |
3 days/week | 3 sets (M) | 1RM | |||||||||||||
McCarthy et al. [35] | M | 27.9 | Untrained | RT | 10 weeks | 6RM | KE | 12 | 0.40 | FFM | 3 | E | 39.3 | 9 | 0.31 |
3 days/week | 3 sets (F and M) | IsoM | |||||||||||||
Dolezal et al. [15] | M | 20.1 | Physically active | RT | 10 weeks | 4–12RM | SQ | 23 | 0.77 | FFM | 4 | T | 50.4 | NS (0) | 0.01 |
3 days/week | 3 sets (F and M) | 1RM | |||||||||||||
Bell et al. [7] | M | 22.3 | Physically active | RT | 12 weeks | 72–84 % 1RM | KE | 32 | 0.89 | fCSA, I | 27 | E | 4.35a
| NS (−1) | −0.04 |
4–12 reps | |||||||||||||||
3 days/week | 2–6 sets (F and M) | 1RM | fCSA, II | 28 | |||||||||||
F | 58 | 1.61 | 2.84a
| NS (−6) | −0.17 | ||||||||||
Campos et al. [10] | M | 21.1 | Healthy untrained | Low | 8 weeks | 3–5RM | LP | 61 | 3.00 | fCSA | 23 | E | 50.3 | NS (−4) | −0.18 |
Rep | 2–3 days/week | 4 sets (NR) | 1RM | IIa | |||||||||||
20.7 | Int | 9–11RM | 36 | 1.80 | 16 | 48.1 | NS (−5) | −0.25 | |||||||
Rep | 3 sets (NR) | ||||||||||||||
20.4 | High | 20–28RM | 32 | 1.60 | NS (8) | 51.0 | NS (3) | 0.15 | |||||||
Rep | 2 sets (NR) | ||||||||||||||
Glowacki et al. [20] | M | 23 | Untrained | RT | 12 weeks | 75–85 % 1RM | KE | 10 | 0.33 | LBM | 4 | T | 44.9 | NS (0) | 0.01 |
6–10 reps | |||||||||||||||
2–3 days/week | 3 sets (F and M) | IsoK | |||||||||||||
Loveless et al. [32] | M | 25 | Healthy untrained | SQ | 8 weeks | 85 % 1RM | SQ | 97 | 4.04 | LLM | 5 | E | 46.7 | NS (0) | 0.00 |
5 reps | |||||||||||||||
3 days/week | 4 sets (M) | 1RM | |||||||||||||
Minahan et al. [36] | M | 23 | Healthy untrained | SQ | 8 weeks | 85 % 1RM | SQ | 90 | 3.75 | – | – | E | 46.9 | NS (−1) | −0.05 |
5 reps | |||||||||||||||
3 days/week | 4 sets (M) | 1RM | |||||||||||||
Shaw et al. [45] | M | 25 | Healthy sedentary | RT | 16 weeks | 60 % 1RM | LP | 65 | 1.35 | – | – | E | 35.7 | 13 | 0.27 |
15 reps | |||||||||||||||
3 days/week | 3 sets (F and M) | 1RM | |||||||||||||
Hu et al. [28] | M | 32.2 | Physically inactive | RT | 10 weeks | 40–90 % 1RM (F and M) | SQ | 28 | 1.22 | LBM | 1 | E | 35.9 | NS (8) | 0.34 |
2–3 days/week | 1RM | ||||||||||||||
Cesar Mde et al. [11] | F | 21 | Healthy untrained | RT | 12 weeks | 15RM | KE | 27 | 0.75 | – | – | T | 2.02a
| NS (5) | 0.12 |
3 days/week | 3 sets (M) | 1RM |
Effects of training intensity
Effects of training volume
Effects of rest period between sets
Initial VO2max values
Older subjects
Author | Sex | Age | Subject | Group | Period frequency | Training program | Muscle strength | Muscle size | VO2max (ml/kg/min) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Equipment | % | %/S | % | Mode | Baseline | % | %/S | ||||||||
Frontera et al. [17] | M | 60–72 | Healthy sedentary | RT | 12 weeks | 80 % 1RM | KE | 100 | 2.78 | fCSA | 28 | E | 26.9 | NS (5) | 0.14 |
8 reps | |||||||||||||||
3 days/week | 3 sets (M) | 1RM | |||||||||||||
Ades et al. [4] | M | 69.9 | Healthy | RT | 12 weeks | 50–80 % 1RM | KE | 29 | 0.81 | FFM | NS (1) | T | 26.0 | NS (−4) | −0.11 |
8 reps | |||||||||||||||
F | 3 days/week | 3 sets (M) | 1RM | ||||||||||||
Hepple et al. [24] | M | 65–74 | Untrained | RT | 9 weeks | 6–12RM | LP | 58 | 2.15 | fCSA | 27 | E | 27.9 | 8 | 0.28 |
3 days/week | 3 sets (M) | 1RM | |||||||||||||
Hagerman et al. [21] | M | 63.7 | Physically active | RT | 16 weeks | 85–90 % 1RM | KE | 50 | 1.56 | FFM | NS (2) | T | 31.9 | 9 | 0.29 |
6–8 reps | |||||||||||||||
2 days/week | 3 sets (NR) | 1RM | |||||||||||||
Vincent et al. [49] | M | 66.6 | Healthy active | RT-H | 24 weeks | 80 % 1RM | KE | 15 | 0.21 | – | – | T | 20.9 | 20 | 0.23 |
8 reps | |||||||||||||||
F | 3 days/week | 1 set (M) | 1RM | ||||||||||||
M | 67.6 | Healthy active | RT-L | 24 weeks | 50 % 1RM | KE | 11 | 0.15 | – | – | 20.2 | 24 | 0.31 | ||
13 reps | |||||||||||||||
F | 3 days/week | 1 set (M) | 1RM | ||||||||||||
Okazaki et al. [39] | M | 64 | Physically active | RT | 18 weeks | 60–80 % 1RM | KE | 16 | 0.30 | – | – | E | 32.6 | 11 | 0.20 |
3 days/week | 8 reps | IsoM | |||||||||||||
3 sets (M) | |||||||||||||||
Wieser et al. [53] | M | 76.2 | Healthy untrained | RT | 12 weeks | 10–15RM | LP | 38 | 1.58 | – | – | E | 19.1 | 15 | 0.61 |
F | 2 days/week | 1–4 sets (M) | 1RM | ||||||||||||
Lovell et al. [33] | M | 74 | Healthy active | SQ | 16 weeks | 70–90 % 1RM | SQ | 58 | 1.21 | – | – | E | 24.4 | 7 | 0.14 |
3 days/week | 6–10 reps | 1RM | |||||||||||||
3 sets (M) | |||||||||||||||
Cadore et al. [9] | M | 64 | Healthy untrained | RT | 12 weeks | 6–20RM | KE | 68 | 1.89 | – | – | E | 27.3 | NS (6) | 0.10 |
3 days/week | 2–3 sets (M) | 1RM |