Anatomical architecture of the circadian system
Fundamentals of light
Photoreceptors in the retina
Effects of light on the circadian clock
Effects of light on sleep
Exposure to artificial lighting, smartphones and visual display units
Effects of light on mood
Light therapy as an intervention in psychiatric conditions
Light therapy as an intervention in other medical conditions
Light therapy in practice
Timing, frequency and duration of light therapy sessions
Light therapy devices
Adverse reactions
Contraindications
Ophthalmological examination recommended in the following conditions | – Pre-existing diseases of the retina or the eye, e.g. retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma – Systematic diseases affecting the retina, e.g. diabetes mellitus – Previous cataract surgery or lens removal – Elderly people (increased risk of age-related macular degeneration; AMD) |
Caution needed by patients taking following photosensitizing drugs | – Neuroleptics (phenothiazines) – Antidepressants (imipramine) – Mood stabilizers (lithium) – Diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide) – 8‑methoxypsoralen – Cardiac medications (propranolol, amiodarone) – Chloroquine – Antibiotics (tetracycline) – “Natural medicines” (melatonin, St. John’s Wort) |