Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports 1/2015

01.03.2015 | HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment (AL Landay, Section Editor)

Understanding Frailty, Aging, and Inflammation in HIV Infection

verfasst von: Sean X. Leng, Joseph B. Margolick

Erschienen in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports | Ausgabe 1/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Frailty is a clinical syndrome initially characterized in geriatric populations with a hallmark of age-related declines in physiologic reserve and function and increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. Recently, frailty has increasingly been recognized as a common and important HIV-associated non-AIDS (HANA) condition. This article provides an overview of our current understanding of frailty and its phenotypic characteristics and evidence that they are related to aging and to chronic inflammation that is associated with aging and also with long-term treated HIV infection. The etiology of this chronic inflammation is unknown but we discuss evidence linking it to persistent infection with cytomegalovirus in both geriatric populations and people living with HIV infection.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Desquilbet L, Jacobson L, Fried LP, Phair JP, Williams CM, Jamieson BD, et al. HIV-1 infection is associated with an earlier occurrence of a phenotype related to frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62:1279–86.CrossRefPubMed Desquilbet L, Jacobson L, Fried LP, Phair JP, Williams CM, Jamieson BD, et al. HIV-1 infection is associated with an earlier occurrence of a phenotype related to frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62:1279–86.CrossRefPubMed
2.•
Zurück zum Zitat Piggott DA, Muzaale AD, Mehta SH, Brown TT, Patel KV, Leng SX, et al. Frailty, HIV infection, and mortality in an aging cohort of injection drug users. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(1):e54910. This study demonstrated the prognostic import of frailty in a cohort of injection drug users with HIV infcction. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Piggott DA, Muzaale AD, Mehta SH, Brown TT, Patel KV, Leng SX, et al. Frailty, HIV infection, and mortality in an aging cohort of injection drug users. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(1):e54910. This study demonstrated the prognostic import of frailty in a cohort of injection drug users with HIV infcction. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
3.•
Zurück zum Zitat Desquilbet L, Margolick JB, Fried LP, Phair JP, Jamieson BD, Holloway M, et al. Relationship between a frailty-related phenotype and progressive deterioration of the immune system in HIV-1 infected men. J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr. 2009;50:299–306. This study illustrated the relationship between the frailty-related phenotype studied and the CD4 cell count in HIV-infected and -uninfected men who have sex with men. CrossRef Desquilbet L, Margolick JB, Fried LP, Phair JP, Jamieson BD, Holloway M, et al. Relationship between a frailty-related phenotype and progressive deterioration of the immune system in HIV-1 infected men. J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr. 2009;50:299–306. This study illustrated the relationship between the frailty-related phenotype studied and the CD4 cell count in HIV-infected and -uninfected men who have sex with men. CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Terzian AS, Holman S, Nathwani N, Robison E, Weber K, Young M, et al. Factors associated with preclinical disability and frailty among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the era of cART. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2009;18(12):1965–74.CrossRef Terzian AS, Holman S, Nathwani N, Robison E, Weber K, Young M, et al. Factors associated with preclinical disability and frailty among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the era of cART. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2009;18(12):1965–74.CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Pathai S, Gilbert C, Weiss HA, Cook C, Wood R, Bekker LG, et al. Frailty in HIV-infected adults in South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013;62(1):43–51.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Pathai S, Gilbert C, Weiss HA, Cook C, Wood R, Bekker LG, et al. Frailty in HIV-infected adults in South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013;62(1):43–51.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
6.•
Zurück zum Zitat Akgün KM, Tate JP, Crothers K, Crystal S, Leaf DA, Womack J, et al. An adapted frailty-related phenotype and the VACS index as predictors of hospitalization and mortality in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals. JAIDS. 2014;67:397–404. Using a modified frailty phenotype, this study demonstrated the clinical import of frailty in HIV-infected and -unifected veterans. PubMed Akgün KM, Tate JP, Crothers K, Crystal S, Leaf DA, Womack J, et al. An adapted frailty-related phenotype and the VACS index as predictors of hospitalization and mortality in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals. JAIDS. 2014;67:397–404. Using a modified frailty phenotype, this study demonstrated the clinical import of frailty in HIV-infected and -unifected veterans. PubMed
7.••
Zurück zum Zitat Fried L, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol Med Sci. 2001;56A:M146–56. This paper described the frailty phenotype that has been most widely used and is focused on in the present review. CrossRef Fried L, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol Med Sci. 2001;56A:M146–56. This paper described the frailty phenotype that has been most widely used and is focused on in the present review. CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Bandeen-Roche K, Xue QL, Ferrucci L, Walston J, Guralnik JM, Chaves P, et al. Phenotype of frailty: characterization in the women’s health and aging studies. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61(3):262–6.CrossRefPubMed Bandeen-Roche K, Xue QL, Ferrucci L, Walston J, Guralnik JM, Chaves P, et al. Phenotype of frailty: characterization in the women’s health and aging studies. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61(3):262–6.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Lipsitz LA. Dynamics of stability: the physiologic basis of functional health and frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002;57(3):B115–25.CrossRefPubMed Lipsitz LA. Dynamics of stability: the physiologic basis of functional health and frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002;57(3):B115–25.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Fried LP, Hadley EC, Walston JD, Newman AB, Guralnik JM, Studenski S, et al. From bedside to bench: research agenda for frailty. Sci Aging Knowl Environ. 2005;2005(31):e24.CrossRef Fried LP, Hadley EC, Walston JD, Newman AB, Guralnik JM, Studenski S, et al. From bedside to bench: research agenda for frailty. Sci Aging Knowl Environ. 2005;2005(31):e24.CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Walston J, Hadley EC, Ferrucci L, Guralnik JM, Newman AB, Studenski SA, et al. Research agenda for frailty in older adults: toward a better understanding of physiology and etiology: summary from the American Geriatrics Society/National Institute on Aging Research Conference on Frailty in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54(6):991–1001.CrossRefPubMed Walston J, Hadley EC, Ferrucci L, Guralnik JM, Newman AB, Studenski SA, et al. Research agenda for frailty in older adults: toward a better understanding of physiology and etiology: summary from the American Geriatrics Society/National Institute on Aging Research Conference on Frailty in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54(6):991–1001.CrossRefPubMed
14.•
Zurück zum Zitat Morley JE, Vellas B, van Kan GA, Anker SD, Bauer JM, Bernabei R, et al. Frailty consensus: a call to action. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(6):392–7. This paper reviews the basis for considering frailty as a clnical syndrome that merits attention in clinical care. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Morley JE, Vellas B, van Kan GA, Anker SD, Bauer JM, Bernabei R, et al. Frailty consensus: a call to action. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(6):392–7. This paper reviews the basis for considering frailty as a clnical syndrome that merits attention in clinical care. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
15.•
Zurück zum Zitat Fried LP, Xue QL, Cappola AR, Ferrucci L, Chaves P, Varadhan R, et al. Nonlinear multisystem physiological dysregulation associated with frailty in older women: implications for etiology and treatment. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009;64(10):1049–57. This paper explores the multisystem nature of frailty. CrossRefPubMed Fried LP, Xue QL, Cappola AR, Ferrucci L, Chaves P, Varadhan R, et al. Nonlinear multisystem physiological dysregulation associated with frailty in older women: implications for etiology and treatment. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009;64(10):1049–57. This paper explores the multisystem nature of frailty. CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Jones DM, Song X, Rockwood K. Operationalizing a frailty index from a standardized comprehensive geriatric assessment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52(11):1929–33.CrossRefPubMed Jones DM, Song X, Rockwood K. Operationalizing a frailty index from a standardized comprehensive geriatric assessment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52(11):1929–33.CrossRefPubMed
17.•
Zurück zum Zitat Brothers TD, Kirkland S, Guaraldi G, Falutz J, Theou O, Johnston BL, et al. Frailty in people aging with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. J Infect Dis. 2014;210(8):1170–9. This paper reviews the clinical aspects of frailty and studies of frailty in people living with HIV infection. CrossRefPubMed Brothers TD, Kirkland S, Guaraldi G, Falutz J, Theou O, Johnston BL, et al. Frailty in people aging with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. J Infect Dis. 2014;210(8):1170–9. This paper reviews the clinical aspects of frailty and studies of frailty in people living with HIV infection. CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Fried LP, Ferrucci L, Darer J, Williamson JD, Anderson G. Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004;59(3):255–63.CrossRefPubMed Fried LP, Ferrucci L, Darer J, Williamson JD, Anderson G. Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004;59(3):255–63.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Santos-Eggimann B, Cuenoud P, Spagnoli J, Junod J. Prevalence of frailty in middle-aged and older community-dwelling Europeans living in 10 countries. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009;64(6):675–81.CrossRefPubMed Santos-Eggimann B, Cuenoud P, Spagnoli J, Junod J. Prevalence of frailty in middle-aged and older community-dwelling Europeans living in 10 countries. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009;64(6):675–81.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Alvarado BE, Zunzunegui MV, Beland F, Bamvita JM. Life course social and health conditions linked to frailty in Latin American older men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008;63(12):1399–406.CrossRefPubMed Alvarado BE, Zunzunegui MV, Beland F, Bamvita JM. Life course social and health conditions linked to frailty in Latin American older men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008;63(12):1399–406.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Buchman AS, Boyle PA, Wilson RS, Tang Y, Bennett DA. Frailty is associated with incident Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive decline in the elderly. Psychosom Med. 2007;69(5):483–9.CrossRefPubMed Buchman AS, Boyle PA, Wilson RS, Tang Y, Bennett DA. Frailty is associated with incident Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive decline in the elderly. Psychosom Med. 2007;69(5):483–9.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Makary MA, Segev DL, Pronovost PJ, Syin D, Bandeen-Roche K, Patel P, et al. Frailty as a predictor of surgical outcomes in older patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;210(6):901–8.CrossRefPubMed Makary MA, Segev DL, Pronovost PJ, Syin D, Bandeen-Roche K, Patel P, et al. Frailty as a predictor of surgical outcomes in older patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;210(6):901–8.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Ronning B, Wyller TB, Seljeflot I, Jordhoy MS, Skovlund E, Nesbakken A, et al. Frailty measures, inflammatory biomarkers and post-operative complications in older surgical patients. Age Ageing. 2010;39(6):758–61.CrossRefPubMed Ronning B, Wyller TB, Seljeflot I, Jordhoy MS, Skovlund E, Nesbakken A, et al. Frailty measures, inflammatory biomarkers and post-operative complications in older surgical patients. Age Ageing. 2010;39(6):758–61.CrossRefPubMed
24.
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Courtney-Brooks M, Tellawi AR, Scalici J, Duska LR, Jazaeri AA, Modesitt SC, et al. Frailty: an outcome predictor for elderly gynecologic oncology patients. Gynecol Oncol. 2012;126(1):20–4.CrossRefPubMed Courtney-Brooks M, Tellawi AR, Scalici J, Duska LR, Jazaeri AA, Modesitt SC, et al. Frailty: an outcome predictor for elderly gynecologic oncology patients. Gynecol Oncol. 2012;126(1):20–4.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Aaldriks AA, van der Geest LG, Giltay EJ, le Cessie S, Portielje JE, Tanis BC, et al. Frailty and malnutrition predictive of mortality risk in older patients with advanced colorectal cancer receiving chemotherapy. J Geriatr Oncol. 2013;4(3):218–26.CrossRefPubMed Aaldriks AA, van der Geest LG, Giltay EJ, le Cessie S, Portielje JE, Tanis BC, et al. Frailty and malnutrition predictive of mortality risk in older patients with advanced colorectal cancer receiving chemotherapy. J Geriatr Oncol. 2013;4(3):218–26.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Iqbal J, Denvir M, Gunn J. Frailty assessment in elderly people. Lancet. 2013;381(9882):1985–6.CrossRefPubMed Iqbal J, Denvir M, Gunn J. Frailty assessment in elderly people. Lancet. 2013;381(9882):1985–6.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat McAdams-DeMarco MA, Suresh S, Law A, Salter ML, Gimenez LF, Jaar BG, et al. Frailty and falls among adult patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis: a prospective cohort study. BMC Nephrol. 2013;14:224.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed McAdams-DeMarco MA, Suresh S, Law A, Salter ML, Gimenez LF, Jaar BG, et al. Frailty and falls among adult patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis: a prospective cohort study. BMC Nephrol. 2013;14:224.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat McAdams-DeMarco MA, Law A, Tan J, Delp C, King EA, Orandi B et al. Frailty, Mycophenolate Reduction, and Graft Loss in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transplantation 2014 McAdams-DeMarco MA, Law A, Tan J, Delp C, King EA, Orandi B et al. Frailty, Mycophenolate Reduction, and Graft Loss in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transplantation 2014
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Yao X, Hamilton RG, Weng NP, Xue QL, Bream JH, Li H, et al. Frailty is associated with impairment of vaccine-induced antibody response and increase in post-vaccination influenza infection in community-dwelling older adults. Vaccine. 2011;29(31):5015–21.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Yao X, Hamilton RG, Weng NP, Xue QL, Bream JH, Li H, et al. Frailty is associated with impairment of vaccine-induced antibody response and increase in post-vaccination influenza infection in community-dwelling older adults. Vaccine. 2011;29(31):5015–21.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Ridda I, Macintyre CR, Lindley R, Gao Z, Sullivan JS, Yuan FF, et al. Immunological responses to pneumococcal vaccine in frail older people. Vaccine. 2009;27(10):1628–36.CrossRefPubMed Ridda I, Macintyre CR, Lindley R, Gao Z, Sullivan JS, Yuan FF, et al. Immunological responses to pneumococcal vaccine in frail older people. Vaccine. 2009;27(10):1628–36.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Fahey JL, Taylor JMG, Detels R, Hofmann B, Melmed R, Nishanian P, et al. The prognostic value of cellular and serologic markers in infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:166–72.CrossRefPubMed Fahey JL, Taylor JMG, Detels R, Hofmann B, Melmed R, Nishanian P, et al. The prognostic value of cellular and serologic markers in infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:166–72.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Lahdevirta J, Maury CPJ, Teppo A-M, Repo H. Elevated levels of circulating cachectin/tumor necrosis factor in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Med. 1988;85:289–91.CrossRefPubMed Lahdevirta J, Maury CPJ, Teppo A-M, Repo H. Elevated levels of circulating cachectin/tumor necrosis factor in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Med. 1988;85:289–91.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Palella FJ, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, Loveless MO, Fuhrer J, Satten GA, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. NEJM. 1998;338:853–60.CrossRefPubMed Palella FJ, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, Loveless MO, Fuhrer J, Satten GA, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. NEJM. 1998;338:853–60.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu H, Lin X, Xu Y, Chen S, Shi J, Morisky D. Emerging HIV epidemic among older adults in Nanning China. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2012;26:565–7.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Liu H, Lin X, Xu Y, Chen S, Shi J, Morisky D. Emerging HIV epidemic among older adults in Nanning China. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2012;26:565–7.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Hontelez JA, Lurie MN, Newell ML, Bakker R, Tanser F, Barnighausen T, et al. Ageing with HIV in South Africa. AIDS. 2011;25(13):1665–7.CrossRefPubMed Hontelez JA, Lurie MN, Newell ML, Bakker R, Tanser F, Barnighausen T, et al. Ageing with HIV in South Africa. AIDS. 2011;25(13):1665–7.CrossRefPubMed
37.•
Zurück zum Zitat High KP, Brennan-Ing M, Clifford DB, Cohen MH, Currier J, Deeks SG, et al. HIV and aging: state of knowledge and areas of critical need for research. A report to the NIH Office of AIDS Research by the HIV and Aging Working Group. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;60 Suppl 1:S1–18. This paper provides a consensus view of the research agenda on frailty and other aspects of aging in people living with HIV infection. CrossRefPubMed High KP, Brennan-Ing M, Clifford DB, Cohen MH, Currier J, Deeks SG, et al. HIV and aging: state of knowledge and areas of critical need for research. A report to the NIH Office of AIDS Research by the HIV and Aging Working Group. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;60 Suppl 1:S1–18. This paper provides a consensus view of the research agenda on frailty and other aspects of aging in people living with HIV infection. CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Guaraldi G, Orlando G, Zona S, Menozzi M, Carli F, Garlassi E, et al. Premature age-related comorbidities among HIV-infected persons compared with the general population. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53(11):1120–6.CrossRefPubMed Guaraldi G, Orlando G, Zona S, Menozzi M, Carli F, Garlassi E, et al. Premature age-related comorbidities among HIV-infected persons compared with the general population. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53(11):1120–6.CrossRefPubMed
39.•
Zurück zum Zitat Deeks SG. HIV infection, inflammation, immunosenescence, and aging. Annu Rev Med. 2011;62:141–55. This is a thorough review of evidence linking inflammation with aging in people with and without HIV infection. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Deeks SG. HIV infection, inflammation, immunosenescence, and aging. Annu Rev Med. 2011;62:141–55. This is a thorough review of evidence linking inflammation with aging in people with and without HIV infection. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
40.•
Zurück zum Zitat Desquilbet L, Jacobson L, Fried LP, Phair JP, Jamieson BD, Holloway M, et al. A frailty-related phenotype before HAART initiation as an independent risk factor for AIDS or death after HAART among HIV-infected men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011;66A:1030–8. This paper provides evidene that a frailty-related phenotype independently predicted onset of AIDS or death in a cohort of men who have sex with men. Desquilbet L, Jacobson L, Fried LP, Phair JP, Jamieson BD, Holloway M, et al. A frailty-related phenotype before HAART initiation as an independent risk factor for AIDS or death after HAART among HIV-infected men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011;66A:1030–8. This paper provides evidene that a frailty-related phenotype independently predicted onset of AIDS or death in a cohort of men who have sex with men.
41.•
Zurück zum Zitat Althoff KN, Jacobson LP, Cranston RD, Detels R, Phair JP, Li X, et al. Age, comorbidities and AIDS predict the frailty phenotype in men who have sex with men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69A:189–98. This paper reports data on the prevalence of the frailty phenotype in men who have sex with men, as well as factors associated with the incidence of this phenotype. CrossRefPubMedCentral Althoff KN, Jacobson LP, Cranston RD, Detels R, Phair JP, Li X, et al. Age, comorbidities and AIDS predict the frailty phenotype in men who have sex with men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69A:189–98. This paper reports data on the prevalence of the frailty phenotype in men who have sex with men, as well as factors associated with the incidence of this phenotype. CrossRefPubMedCentral
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Green M, Covinsky K, Astemborski J, Piggot D, Brown T, Leng S et al. The relationship of physical performance with HIV disease and mortality. AIDS 2014; 28. Green M, Covinsky K, Astemborski J, Piggot D, Brown T, Leng S et al. The relationship of physical performance with HIV disease and mortality. AIDS 2014; 28.
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Onen NF, Agbebi A, Shacham E, Stamm KE, Onen AR, Overton ET. Frailty among HIV-infected persons in an urban outpatient care setting. J Infect. 2009;59(5):346–52.CrossRefPubMed Onen NF, Agbebi A, Shacham E, Stamm KE, Onen AR, Overton ET. Frailty among HIV-infected persons in an urban outpatient care setting. J Infect. 2009;59(5):346–52.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Franceschi C, Bonafe M, Valensin S, Olivieri F, De LM, Ottaviani E, et al. Inflamm-aging. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;908:244–54.CrossRefPubMed Franceschi C, Bonafe M, Valensin S, Olivieri F, De LM, Ottaviani E, et al. Inflamm-aging. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;908:244–54.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat De Martinis M, Franceschi C, Monti D, Ginaldi L. Inflammation markers predicting frailty and mortality in the elderly. Exp Mol Pathol. 2006;80(3):219–27.CrossRefPubMed De Martinis M, Franceschi C, Monti D, Ginaldi L. Inflammation markers predicting frailty and mortality in the elderly. Exp Mol Pathol. 2006;80(3):219–27.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Roubenoff R, Parise H, Payette HA, Abad LW, D’Agostino R, Jacques PF, et al. Cytokines, insulin-like growth factor 1, sarcopenia, and mortality in very old community-dwelling men and women: the Framingham Heart Study. Am J Med. 2003;115(6):429–35.CrossRefPubMed Roubenoff R, Parise H, Payette HA, Abad LW, D’Agostino R, Jacques PF, et al. Cytokines, insulin-like growth factor 1, sarcopenia, and mortality in very old community-dwelling men and women: the Framingham Heart Study. Am J Med. 2003;115(6):429–35.CrossRefPubMed
47.•
Zurück zum Zitat Leng S, Chaves P, Koenig K, Walston J. Serum interleukin-6 and hemoglobin as physiological correlates in the geriatric syndrome of frailty: a pilot study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(7):1268–71. This paper was the first reporting supportive evidence for chronic inflammation as indicated by elevated IL-6 levels in frailty in the geriatric population. CrossRefPubMed Leng S, Chaves P, Koenig K, Walston J. Serum interleukin-6 and hemoglobin as physiological correlates in the geriatric syndrome of frailty: a pilot study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(7):1268–71. This paper was the first reporting supportive evidence for chronic inflammation as indicated by elevated IL-6 levels in frailty in the geriatric population. CrossRefPubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Walston J, McBurnie MA, Newman A, Tracy RP, Kop WJ, Hirsch CH, et al. Frailty and activation of the inflammation and coagulation systems with and without clinical comorbidities: results from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(20):2333–41.CrossRefPubMed Walston J, McBurnie MA, Newman A, Tracy RP, Kop WJ, Hirsch CH, et al. Frailty and activation of the inflammation and coagulation systems with and without clinical comorbidities: results from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(20):2333–41.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmaltz HN, Fried LP, Xue QL, Walston J, Leng SX, Semba RD. Chronic cytomegalovirus infection and inflammation are associated with prevalent frailty in community-dwelling older women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(5):747–54.CrossRefPubMed Schmaltz HN, Fried LP, Xue QL, Walston J, Leng SX, Semba RD. Chronic cytomegalovirus infection and inflammation are associated with prevalent frailty in community-dwelling older women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(5):747–54.CrossRefPubMed
50.•
Zurück zum Zitat Leng SX, Xue QL, Tian J, Walston JD, Fried LP. Inflammation and frailty in older women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55(6):864–71. This paper further describes chronic inflammation as indicated by both higher IL-6 levels and white blood cell counts in frailty in the geriatric population. CrossRefPubMed Leng SX, Xue QL, Tian J, Walston JD, Fried LP. Inflammation and frailty in older women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55(6):864–71. This paper further describes chronic inflammation as indicated by both higher IL-6 levels and white blood cell counts in frailty in the geriatric population. CrossRefPubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Hubbard RE, O’Mahony MS, Savva GM, Calver BL, Woodhouse KW. Inflammation and frailty measures in older people. J Cell Mol Med. 2009;13(9B):3103–9.CrossRefPubMed Hubbard RE, O’Mahony MS, Savva GM, Calver BL, Woodhouse KW. Inflammation and frailty measures in older people. J Cell Mol Med. 2009;13(9B):3103–9.CrossRefPubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Collerton J, Martin-Ruiz C, Davies K, Hilkens CM, Isaacs J, Kolenda C, et al. Frailty and the role of inflammation, immunosenescence and cellular ageing in the very old: cross-sectional findings from the Newcastle 85+ Study. Mech Ageing Dev. 2012;133(6):456–66.CrossRefPubMed Collerton J, Martin-Ruiz C, Davies K, Hilkens CM, Isaacs J, Kolenda C, et al. Frailty and the role of inflammation, immunosenescence and cellular ageing in the very old: cross-sectional findings from the Newcastle 85+ Study. Mech Ageing Dev. 2012;133(6):456–66.CrossRefPubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Leng SX, Xue QL, Tian J, Huang Y, Yeh SH, Fried LP. Associations of neutrophil and monocyte counts with frailty in community-dwelling disabled older women: results from the Women’s Health and Aging Studies I. Exp Gerontol. 2009;44(8):511–6.CrossRefPubMed Leng SX, Xue QL, Tian J, Huang Y, Yeh SH, Fried LP. Associations of neutrophil and monocyte counts with frailty in community-dwelling disabled older women: results from the Women’s Health and Aging Studies I. Exp Gerontol. 2009;44(8):511–6.CrossRefPubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Semba RD, Margolick JB, Leng S, Walston J, Ricks MO, Fried LP. T cell subsets and mortality in older community-dwelling women. Exp Gerontol. 2005;40:81–7.CrossRefPubMed Semba RD, Margolick JB, Leng S, Walston J, Ricks MO, Fried LP. T cell subsets and mortality in older community-dwelling women. Exp Gerontol. 2005;40:81–7.CrossRefPubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat De Fanis U, Wang GC, Fedarko NS, Walston JD, Casolaro V, Leng SX. T-lymphocytes expressing CC chemokine receptor-5 are increased in frail older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(5):904–8.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed De Fanis U, Wang GC, Fedarko NS, Walston JD, Casolaro V, Leng SX. T-lymphocytes expressing CC chemokine receptor-5 are increased in frail older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(5):904–8.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Loetscher P, Uguccioni M, Bordoli L, Baggiolini M, Moser B, Chizzolini C, et al. CCR5 is characteristic of Th1 lymphocytes. Nature. 1998;391(6665):344–5.CrossRefPubMed Loetscher P, Uguccioni M, Bordoli L, Baggiolini M, Moser B, Chizzolini C, et al. CCR5 is characteristic of Th1 lymphocytes. Nature. 1998;391(6665):344–5.CrossRefPubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Leng SX, Yang H, Walston JD. Decreased cell proliferation and altered cytokine production in frail older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2004;16(3):249–52.CrossRefPubMed Leng SX, Yang H, Walston JD. Decreased cell proliferation and altered cytokine production in frail older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2004;16(3):249–52.CrossRefPubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Qu T, Walston JD, Yang H, Fedarko NS, Xue QL, Beamer BA, et al. Upregulated ex vivo expression of stress-responsive inflammatory pathway genes by LPS-challenged CD14(+) monocytes in frail older adults. Mech Ageing Dev. 2009;130(3):161–6.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Qu T, Walston JD, Yang H, Fedarko NS, Xue QL, Beamer BA, et al. Upregulated ex vivo expression of stress-responsive inflammatory pathway genes by LPS-challenged CD14(+) monocytes in frail older adults. Mech Ageing Dev. 2009;130(3):161–6.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Qu T, Yang H, Walston JD, Fedarko NS, Leng SX. Upregulated monocytic expression of CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL-10) and its relationship with serum interleukin-6 levels in the syndrome of frailty. Cytokine. 2009;46(3):319–24.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Qu T, Yang H, Walston JD, Fedarko NS, Leng SX. Upregulated monocytic expression of CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL-10) and its relationship with serum interleukin-6 levels in the syndrome of frailty. Cytokine. 2009;46(3):319–24.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Leng SX, Tian X, Matteini A, Li H, Hughes J, Jain A, et al. IL-6-independent association of elevated serum neopterin levels with prevalent frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Age Ageing. 2011;40(4):475–81.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Leng SX, Tian X, Matteini A, Li H, Hughes J, Jain A, et al. IL-6-independent association of elevated serum neopterin levels with prevalent frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Age Ageing. 2011;40(4):475–81.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferrucci L, Penninx BW, Volpato S, Harris TB, Bandeen-Roche K, Balfour J, et al. Change in muscle strength explains accelerated decline of physical function in older women with high interleukin-6 serum levels. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(12):1947–54.CrossRefPubMed Ferrucci L, Penninx BW, Volpato S, Harris TB, Bandeen-Roche K, Balfour J, et al. Change in muscle strength explains accelerated decline of physical function in older women with high interleukin-6 serum levels. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(12):1947–54.CrossRefPubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Maggio M, Guralnik JM, Longo DL, Ferrucci L. Interleukin-6 in aging and chronic disease: a magnificent pathway. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61(6):575–84.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Maggio M, Guralnik JM, Longo DL, Ferrucci L. Interleukin-6 in aging and chronic disease: a magnificent pathway. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61(6):575–84.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Chaves PH, Semba RD, Leng SX, Woodman RC, Ferrucci L, Guralnik JM, et al. Impact of anemia and cardiovascular disease on frailty status of community-dwelling older women: the Women’s Health and Aging Studies I and II. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005;60(6):729–35.CrossRefPubMed Chaves PH, Semba RD, Leng SX, Woodman RC, Ferrucci L, Guralnik JM, et al. Impact of anemia and cardiovascular disease on frailty status of community-dwelling older women: the Women’s Health and Aging Studies I and II. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005;60(6):729–35.CrossRefPubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Leng SX, Cappola AR, Andersen RE, Blackman MR, Koenig K, Blair M, et al. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and their relationships with serum interleukin-6, in the geriatric syndrome of frailty. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2004;16(2):153–7.CrossRefPubMed Leng SX, Cappola AR, Andersen RE, Blackman MR, Koenig K, Blair M, et al. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and their relationships with serum interleukin-6, in the geriatric syndrome of frailty. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2004;16(2):153–7.CrossRefPubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Leng SX, Hung W, Cappola AR, Yu Q, Xue QL, Fried LP. White blood cell counts, insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, and frailty in community-dwelling older women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009;64(4):499–502.CrossRefPubMed Leng SX, Hung W, Cappola AR, Yu Q, Xue QL, Fried LP. White blood cell counts, insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, and frailty in community-dwelling older women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009;64(4):499–502.CrossRefPubMed
66.•
Zurück zum Zitat Lederman MM, Funderburg NT, Sekaly RP, Klatt NR, Hunt PW. Residual immune dysregulation syndrome in treated HIV infection. Adv Immunol. 2013;119:51–83. This paper reviews the mechanisms of immune activation that persists in people with well-treated HIV infection. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Lederman MM, Funderburg NT, Sekaly RP, Klatt NR, Hunt PW. Residual immune dysregulation syndrome in treated HIV infection. Adv Immunol. 2013;119:51–83. This paper reviews the mechanisms of immune activation that persists in people with well-treated HIV infection. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Regidor DL, Detels R, Breen EC, Widney DP, Jacobson LP, Palella F, et al. Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on biomarkers of B-lymphocyte activation and inflammation. AIDS. 2011;25(3):303–14.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Regidor DL, Detels R, Breen EC, Widney DP, Jacobson LP, Palella F, et al. Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on biomarkers of B-lymphocyte activation and inflammation. AIDS. 2011;25(3):303–14.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Martin J, Volberding P. HIV and premature aging: a field still in its infancy. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153(7):477–9.CrossRefPubMed Martin J, Volberding P. HIV and premature aging: a field still in its infancy. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153(7):477–9.CrossRefPubMed
69.•
Zurück zum Zitat Shiels MS, Pfeiffer RM, Engels EA. Age at cancer diagnosis among persons with AIDS in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153(7):452–60. This paper shows the effect of underlying age distributions in estimating relative rates of cancer (and by implication any disease) in groups that are not the same age. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Shiels MS, Pfeiffer RM, Engels EA. Age at cancer diagnosis among persons with AIDS in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153(7):452–60. This paper shows the effect of underlying age distributions in estimating relative rates of cancer (and by implication any disease) in groups that are not the same age. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
70.•
Zurück zum Zitat Erlandson KM, Allshouse AA, Jankowski CM, Lee EJ, Rufner KM, Palmer BE, et al. Association of functional impairment with inflammation and immune activation in HIV type 1-infected adults receiving effective antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 2013;208(2):249–59. This is one of the few studies to examine inflammation and frailty in people with HIV infection. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Erlandson KM, Allshouse AA, Jankowski CM, Lee EJ, Rufner KM, Palmer BE, et al. Association of functional impairment with inflammation and immune activation in HIV type 1-infected adults receiving effective antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 2013;208(2):249–59. This is one of the few studies to examine inflammation and frailty in people with HIV infection. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Justice AC, Freiberg MS, Tracy R, Kuller L, Tate JP, Goetz MB, et al. Does an index composed of clinical data reflect effects of inflammation, coagulation, and monocyte activation on mortality among those aging with HIV? Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54:984–94.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Justice AC, Freiberg MS, Tracy R, Kuller L, Tate JP, Goetz MB, et al. Does an index composed of clinical data reflect effects of inflammation, coagulation, and monocyte activation on mortality among those aging with HIV? Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54:984–94.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Womack JA, Goulet JL, Gibert C, Brandt CA, Skanderson M, Gulanski B, et al. Physiologic frailty and fragility fracture in HIV-infected male veterans. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;56(10):1498–504.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Womack JA, Goulet JL, Gibert C, Brandt CA, Skanderson M, Gulanski B, et al. Physiologic frailty and fragility fracture in HIV-infected male veterans. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;56(10):1498–504.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
73.•
Zurück zum Zitat Wada NI, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Breen EB, Macatangay B, Penugonda S et al. The effect of HAART-induced HIV suppression on circulating markers of inflammation and immune activation. AIDS. In press. This paper shows the magnitude and time course of effects of HIV suppression on systemic inflammation. Wada NI, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Breen EB, Macatangay B, Penugonda S et al. The effect of HAART-induced HIV suppression on circulating markers of inflammation and immune activation. AIDS. In press. This paper shows the magnitude and time course of effects of HIV suppression on systemic inflammation.
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Margolick JB, Martinez-Maza O, Jacobson L, Lopez J, Li X, Phair J et al. Frailty and circulating markers of inflammation in HIV-infected and -uninfected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Presented at the 20th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Atlanta, GA, March 2013, Abstract #800 . 2013. Ref Type: Abstract Margolick JB, Martinez-Maza O, Jacobson L, Lopez J, Li X, Phair J et al. Frailty and circulating markers of inflammation in HIV-infected and -uninfected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Presented at the 20th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Atlanta, GA, March 2013, Abstract #800 . 2013. Ref Type: Abstract
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Looney RJ, Falsey A, CAMPBELL D, Torres A, Kolassa J, Brower C, et al. Role of cytomegalovirus in the T cell changes seen in elderly individuals. Clin Immunol. 1999;90(2):213–9.CrossRefPubMed Looney RJ, Falsey A, CAMPBELL D, Torres A, Kolassa J, Brower C, et al. Role of cytomegalovirus in the T cell changes seen in elderly individuals. Clin Immunol. 1999;90(2):213–9.CrossRefPubMed
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Olsson J, Wikby A, Johansson B, Lofgren S, Nilsson BO, Ferguson FG. Age-related change in peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations and cytomegalovirus infection in the very old: the Swedish longitudinal OCTO immune study. Mech Ageing Dev. 2000;121(1–3):187–201.PubMed Olsson J, Wikby A, Johansson B, Lofgren S, Nilsson BO, Ferguson FG. Age-related change in peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations and cytomegalovirus infection in the very old: the Swedish longitudinal OCTO immune study. Mech Ageing Dev. 2000;121(1–3):187–201.PubMed
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Pawelec G, Akbar A, Caruso C, Solana R, Grubeck-Loebenstein B, Wikby A. Human immunosenescence: is it infectious? Immunol Rev. 2005;205:257–68.CrossRefPubMed Pawelec G, Akbar A, Caruso C, Solana R, Grubeck-Loebenstein B, Wikby A. Human immunosenescence: is it infectious? Immunol Rev. 2005;205:257–68.CrossRefPubMed
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Khan N, Shariff N, Cobbold M, Bruton R, Ainsworth JA, Sinclair AJ, et al. Cytomegalovirus seropositivity drives the CD8 T cell repertoire toward greater clonality in healthy elderly individuals. J Immunol. 2002;169(4):1984–92.CrossRefPubMed Khan N, Shariff N, Cobbold M, Bruton R, Ainsworth JA, Sinclair AJ, et al. Cytomegalovirus seropositivity drives the CD8 T cell repertoire toward greater clonality in healthy elderly individuals. J Immunol. 2002;169(4):1984–92.CrossRefPubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Koch S, Larbi A, Ozcelik D, Solana R, Gouttefangeas C, Attig S, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection: a driving force in human T cell immunosenescence. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1114:23–35.CrossRefPubMed Koch S, Larbi A, Ozcelik D, Solana R, Gouttefangeas C, Attig S, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection: a driving force in human T cell immunosenescence. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1114:23–35.CrossRefPubMed
80.•
Zurück zum Zitat Sylwester AW, Mitchell BL, Edgar JB, Taormina C, Pelte C, Ruchti F, et al. Broadly targeted human cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells dominate the memory compartments of exposed subjects. J Exp Med. 2005;202(5):673–85. This is a study of the immune response to the entire CMV genome (!) in healthy CMV-seropositive donors. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Sylwester AW, Mitchell BL, Edgar JB, Taormina C, Pelte C, Ruchti F, et al. Broadly targeted human cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells dominate the memory compartments of exposed subjects. J Exp Med. 2005;202(5):673–85. This is a study of the immune response to the entire CMV genome (!) in healthy CMV-seropositive donors. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Naeger DM, Martin JN, Sinclair E, Hunt PW, Bangsberg DR, Hecht F, et al. Cytomegalovirus-specific T cells persist at very high levels during long-term antiretroviral treatment of HIV disease. PLoS One. 2010;5(1):e8886.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Naeger DM, Martin JN, Sinclair E, Hunt PW, Bangsberg DR, Hecht F, et al. Cytomegalovirus-specific T cells persist at very high levels during long-term antiretroviral treatment of HIV disease. PLoS One. 2010;5(1):e8886.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Li H, Margolick JB, Bream JH, Nilles TL, Langan S, Bui HT, et al. Heterogeneity of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses of cytomegalovirus in HIV-infected and -uninfected men who have sex with men. J Infect Dis. 2014;210:400–4.CrossRefPubMed Li H, Margolick JB, Bream JH, Nilles TL, Langan S, Bui HT, et al. Heterogeneity of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses of cytomegalovirus in HIV-infected and -uninfected men who have sex with men. J Infect Dis. 2014;210:400–4.CrossRefPubMed
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang GC, Kao WH, Murakami P, Xue QL, Chiou RB, Detrick B, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection and the risk of mortality and frailty in older women: a prospective observational cohort study. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;171(10):1144–52.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Wang GC, Kao WH, Murakami P, Xue QL, Chiou RB, Detrick B, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection and the risk of mortality and frailty in older women: a prospective observational cohort study. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;171(10):1144–52.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Mathei C, Vaes B, Wallemacq P, Degryse J. Associations between cytomegalovirus infection and functional impairment and frailty in the BELFRAIL Cohort. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(12):2201–8.CrossRefPubMed Mathei C, Vaes B, Wallemacq P, Degryse J. Associations between cytomegalovirus infection and functional impairment and frailty in the BELFRAIL Cohort. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(12):2201–8.CrossRefPubMed
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Vallejo AN, Hamel Jr DL, Mueller RG, Ives DG, Michel JJ, Boudreau RM, et al. NK-like T cells and plasma cytokines, but not anti-viral serology, define immune fingerprints of resilience and mild disability in exceptional aging. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(10):e26558.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Vallejo AN, Hamel Jr DL, Mueller RG, Ives DG, Michel JJ, Boudreau RM, et al. NK-like T cells and plasma cytokines, but not anti-viral serology, define immune fingerprints of resilience and mild disability in exceptional aging. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(10):e26558.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
86.•
Zurück zum Zitat Leng SX, Qu T, Semba RD, Yao X, Nilles T, Yang X, et al. Relationship between cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG seropositivity, detectable CMV DNA peripheral monocytes, and CMV-specific CD8+ T-cells in older adults. Age (Dordr). 2011;33:607–14. This paper provides evidence that presence of detectable CMV DNA in monocytes is a better predictor of a sizable CMV response than presence of antibody to CMV. CrossRef Leng SX, Qu T, Semba RD, Yao X, Nilles T, Yang X, et al. Relationship between cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG seropositivity, detectable CMV DNA peripheral monocytes, and CMV-specific CD8+ T-cells in older adults. Age (Dordr). 2011;33:607–14. This paper provides evidence that presence of detectable CMV DNA in monocytes is a better predictor of a sizable CMV response than presence of antibody to CMV. CrossRef
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Leng SX, Li H, Xue QL, Tian J, Yang X, Ferrucci L, et al. Association of detectable cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in monocytes rather than positive CMV IgG serology with elevated neopterin levels in community-dwelling older adults. Exp Gerontol. 2011;46(8):679–84.PubMedCentralPubMed Leng SX, Li H, Xue QL, Tian J, Yang X, Ferrucci L, et al. Association of detectable cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in monocytes rather than positive CMV IgG serology with elevated neopterin levels in community-dwelling older adults. Exp Gerontol. 2011;46(8):679–84.PubMedCentralPubMed
88.•
Zurück zum Zitat Li H, Weng P, Najarro K, Xue Q-L, Semba RD, Margolick JB, et al. Chronic CMV infection in older women: longitudinal comparisons of CMV DNA in peripheral monocytes, anti-CMV IgG titers, serum IL-6 levels, and CMV pp 65 (NLV)-specific CD8+ T-cell frequencies with twelve year follow-up. Exp Gerontol. 2013;54:84–9. In this study presence of CMV DNA in monocytes was associated with higher levels of serum IL-6, a marker that is one of the most closely associated with frailty and aging. CrossRef Li H, Weng P, Najarro K, Xue Q-L, Semba RD, Margolick JB, et al. Chronic CMV infection in older women: longitudinal comparisons of CMV DNA in peripheral monocytes, anti-CMV IgG titers, serum IL-6 levels, and CMV pp 65 (NLV)-specific CD8+ T-cell frequencies with twelve year follow-up. Exp Gerontol. 2013;54:84–9. In this study presence of CMV DNA in monocytes was associated with higher levels of serum IL-6, a marker that is one of the most closely associated with frailty and aging. CrossRef
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Pathai S, Bajillan H, Landay AL, High KP. Is HIV a Model of Accelerated or Accentuated Aging? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013. Pathai S, Bajillan H, Landay AL, High KP. Is HIV a Model of Accelerated or Accentuated Aging? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013.
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Barrett L, Fowke KR, Grant MD. Cytomegalovirus, aging, and HIV: a perfect storm. AIDS Rev. 2012;14(3):159–67.PubMed Barrett L, Fowke KR, Grant MD. Cytomegalovirus, aging, and HIV: a perfect storm. AIDS Rev. 2012;14(3):159–67.PubMed
91.•
Zurück zum Zitat Hunt PW, Martin JN, Sinclair E, Epling L, Teague J, Jacobson MA, et al. Valganciclovir reduces T cell activation in HIV-infected individuals with incomplete CD4+ T cell recovery on antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 2011;203(10):1474–83. This is a treatment trial in which an anti-CMV agent, valganciclovir, reduces CMV expression and some markers of cellular immune activation, particularly on CD8 T-cells. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Hunt PW, Martin JN, Sinclair E, Epling L, Teague J, Jacobson MA, et al. Valganciclovir reduces T cell activation in HIV-infected individuals with incomplete CD4+ T cell recovery on antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 2011;203(10):1474–83. This is a treatment trial in which an anti-CMV agent, valganciclovir, reduces CMV expression and some markers of cellular immune activation, particularly on CD8 T-cells. CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Pass RF, Zhang C, Evans A, Simpson T, Andrews W, Huang ML, et al. Vaccine prevention of maternal cytomegalovirus infection. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(12):1191–9.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Pass RF, Zhang C, Evans A, Simpson T, Andrews W, Huang ML, et al. Vaccine prevention of maternal cytomegalovirus infection. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(12):1191–9.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Griffiths PD, Stanton A, McCarrell E, Smith C, Osman M, Harber M, et al. Cytomegalovirus glycoprotein-B vaccine with MF59 adjuvant in transplant recipients: a phase 2 randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2011;377(9773):1256–63.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Griffiths PD, Stanton A, McCarrell E, Smith C, Osman M, Harber M, et al. Cytomegalovirus glycoprotein-B vaccine with MF59 adjuvant in transplant recipients: a phase 2 randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2011;377(9773):1256–63.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Sabbaj S, Pass RF, Goepfert PA, Pichon S. Glycoprotein B vaccine is capable of boosting both antibody and CD4 T-cell responses to cytomegalovirus in chronically infected women. J Infect Dis. 2011;203(11):1534–41.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Sabbaj S, Pass RF, Goepfert PA, Pichon S. Glycoprotein B vaccine is capable of boosting both antibody and CD4 T-cell responses to cytomegalovirus in chronically infected women. J Infect Dis. 2011;203(11):1534–41.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Boeckh M, Wilck MB, Langston AA, Chu AH, Wloch MK, et al. A novel therapeutic cytomegalovirus DNA vaccine in allogeneic haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012;12(4):290–9.CrossRefPubMed Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Boeckh M, Wilck MB, Langston AA, Chu AH, Wloch MK, et al. A novel therapeutic cytomegalovirus DNA vaccine in allogeneic haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012;12(4):290–9.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Understanding Frailty, Aging, and Inflammation in HIV Infection
verfasst von
Sean X. Leng
Joseph B. Margolick
Publikationsdatum
01.03.2015
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current HIV/AIDS Reports / Ausgabe 1/2015
Print ISSN: 1548-3568
Elektronische ISSN: 1548-3576
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-014-0247-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2015

Current HIV/AIDS Reports 1/2015 Zur Ausgabe

The Science of Prevention (JD Stekler, Section Editor)

Novel Interventions to Prevent HIV and HCV Among Persons Who Inject Drugs

The Science of Prevention (JD Stekler, Section Editor)

Revitalizing Condom-Centered HIV Prevention Strategies

HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment (AL Landay, Section Editor)

Type I Interferon: Understanding Its Role in HIV Pathogenesis and Therapy

HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment (AL Landay, Section Editor)

Enhancing Our Understanding of Current Therapies for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Notfall-TEP der Hüfte ist auch bei 90-Jährigen machbar

26.04.2024 Hüft-TEP Nachrichten

Ob bei einer Notfalloperation nach Schenkelhalsfraktur eine Hemiarthroplastik oder eine totale Endoprothese (TEP) eingebaut wird, sollte nicht allein vom Alter der Patientinnen und Patienten abhängen. Auch über 90-Jährige können von der TEP profitieren.

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 Hypotonie Nachrichten

Wenn unter einer medikamentösen Hochdrucktherapie der diastolische Blutdruck in den Keller geht, steigt das Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse: Darauf deutet eine Sekundäranalyse der SPRINT-Studie hin.

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

Insektenstiche sind bei Erwachsenen die häufigsten Auslöser einer Anaphylaxie. Einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen bietet die allergenspezifische Immuntherapie. Jedoch kommt sie noch viel zu selten zum Einsatz.

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

25.04.2024 Hypertonie Nachrichten

Beginnen ältere Männer im Pflegeheim eine Antihypertensiva-Therapie, dann ist die Frakturrate in den folgenden 30 Tagen mehr als verdoppelt. Besonders häufig stürzen Demenzkranke und Männer, die erstmals Blutdrucksenker nehmen. Dafür spricht eine Analyse unter US-Veteranen.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.