Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Hypertension Reports 10/2015

01.10.2015 | Hypertension and the Brain (S Stocker, Section Editor)

Antihypertensive Therapies and Cognitive Function: a Review

verfasst von: Nisharahmed Kherada, Todd Heimowitz, Clive Rosendorff

Erschienen in: Current Hypertension Reports | Ausgabe 10/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Increasing life expectancy has made old age-related health problems like dementia and cognitive decline more prevalent, and these are rapidly becoming important causes of disability and poor quality of life, causing significant add-ons to health-care costs worldwide. Hypertension is the most important modifiable vascular risk factor for the development and progression of both cognitive decline and dementia. In many observational and randomized studies, antihypertensive therapies have been shown to be beneficial in slowing cognitive decline. However, due to observed discrepancies by these studies, there is a lack of consensus on the best antihypertensive strategy for the prevention or slowing of cognitive decline. It is also not clear whether the beneficial effect of antihypertensive therapy is due to the use of a specific class of agents or combination therapy. Thus, we present a comprehensive review of overall antihypertensive therapies and cognition and of the individual antihypertensive therapy classes with their specific protective mechanisms and available clinical evidence behind their effect on cognitive function.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosendorff C, Beeri MS, Silverman JM. Cardiovascular risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Geriatr Cardiol. 2007;16(3):143–9.CrossRefPubMed Rosendorff C, Beeri MS, Silverman JM. Cardiovascular risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Geriatr Cardiol. 2007;16(3):143–9.CrossRefPubMed
2.•
Zurück zum Zitat Gasecki D et al. Hypertension, brain damage and cognitive decline. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2013;15(6):547–58. A review discussing the link between HTN brain functional and structural changes, and to cognitive decline and dementia and the role of antihypertensive therapies in prevention of cognitive decline.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Gasecki D et al. Hypertension, brain damage and cognitive decline. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2013;15(6):547–58. A review discussing the link between HTN brain functional and structural changes, and to cognitive decline and dementia and the role of antihypertensive therapies in prevention of cognitive decline.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Wimo A et al. The worldwide economic impact of dementia 2010. Alzheimers Dement. 2013;9(1):1–11. e3.CrossRefPubMed Wimo A et al. The worldwide economic impact of dementia 2010. Alzheimers Dement. 2013;9(1):1–11. e3.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Frishman WH. Are antihypertensive agents protective against dementia? a review of clinical and preclinical data. Heart Dis. 2002;4(6):380–6.CrossRefPubMed Frishman WH. Are antihypertensive agents protective against dementia? a review of clinical and preclinical data. Heart Dis. 2002;4(6):380–6.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat MacMahon S et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1, prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet. 1990;335(8692):765–74.CrossRefPubMed MacMahon S et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1, prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet. 1990;335(8692):765–74.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Gorelick PB et al. Blood pressure and treatment of persons with hypertension as it relates to cognitive outcomes including executive function. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2012;6(5):309–15.CrossRefPubMed Gorelick PB et al. Blood pressure and treatment of persons with hypertension as it relates to cognitive outcomes including executive function. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2012;6(5):309–15.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Alrawi YA et al. Pharmacological blood pressure lowering in the older hypertensive patients may lead to cognitive impairment by altering neurovascular coupling. Med Hypotheses. 2013;80(3):303–7.CrossRefPubMed Alrawi YA et al. Pharmacological blood pressure lowering in the older hypertensive patients may lead to cognitive impairment by altering neurovascular coupling. Med Hypotheses. 2013;80(3):303–7.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Hajjar I et al. Hypertension and cerebral vasoreactivity: a continuous arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging study. Hypertension. 2010;56(5):859–64.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Hajjar I et al. Hypertension and cerebral vasoreactivity: a continuous arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging study. Hypertension. 2010;56(5):859–64.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Hajjar I et al. Hypertension, white matter hyperintensities, and concurrent impairments in mobility, cognition, and mood: the cardiovascular health study. Circulation. 2011;123(8):858–65.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Hajjar I et al. Hypertension, white matter hyperintensities, and concurrent impairments in mobility, cognition, and mood: the cardiovascular health study. Circulation. 2011;123(8):858–65.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Hofman A et al. Atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein E, and prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in the Rotterdam Study. Lancet. 1997;349(9046):151–4.CrossRefPubMed Hofman A et al. Atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein E, and prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in the Rotterdam Study. Lancet. 1997;349(9046):151–4.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Appelman AP et al. White matter lesions and lacunar infarcts are independently and differently associated with brain atrophy: the SMART-MR study. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010;29(1):28–35.CrossRefPubMed Appelman AP et al. White matter lesions and lacunar infarcts are independently and differently associated with brain atrophy: the SMART-MR study. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010;29(1):28–35.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Debette S, Markus HS. The clinical importance of white matter hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2010;341:c3666.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Debette S, Markus HS. The clinical importance of white matter hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2010;341:c3666.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Waldstein SR et al. Pulse pressure and pulse wave velocity are related to cognitive decline in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Hypertension. 2008;51(1):99–104.CrossRefPubMed Waldstein SR et al. Pulse pressure and pulse wave velocity are related to cognitive decline in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Hypertension. 2008;51(1):99–104.CrossRefPubMed
14.
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Gustafson DR et al. The ACE insertion deletion polymorphism relates to dementia by metabolic phenotype, APOEepsilon4, and age of dementia onset. Neurobiol Aging. 2010;31(6):910–6.CrossRefPubMed Gustafson DR et al. The ACE insertion deletion polymorphism relates to dementia by metabolic phenotype, APOEepsilon4, and age of dementia onset. Neurobiol Aging. 2010;31(6):910–6.CrossRefPubMed
17.•
Zurück zum Zitat Kehoe PG, Passmore PA. The renin-angiotensin system and antihypertensive drugs in Alzheimer’s disease: current standing of the angiotensin hypothesis? J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;30 Suppl 2:S251–68. A recent article reviews current evidence on effect of ACE-inhibitors and ARBs in treatment of AD.PubMed Kehoe PG, Passmore PA. The renin-angiotensin system and antihypertensive drugs in Alzheimer’s disease: current standing of the angiotensin hypothesis? J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;30 Suppl 2:S251–68. A recent article reviews current evidence on effect of ACE-inhibitors and ARBs in treatment of AD.PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Elias MF et al. Untreated blood pressure level is inversely related to cognitive functioning: the Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1993;138(6):353–64.PubMed Elias MF et al. Untreated blood pressure level is inversely related to cognitive functioning: the Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1993;138(6):353–64.PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Whitmer RA et al. Midlife cardiovascular risk factors and risk of dementia in late life. Neurology. 2005;64(2):277–81.CrossRefPubMed Whitmer RA et al. Midlife cardiovascular risk factors and risk of dementia in late life. Neurology. 2005;64(2):277–81.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Launer LJ et al. The association between midlife blood pressure levels and late-life cognitive function. The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. JAMA. 1995;274(23):1846–51.CrossRefPubMed Launer LJ et al. The association between midlife blood pressure levels and late-life cognitive function. The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. JAMA. 1995;274(23):1846–51.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Launer LJ et al. Midlife blood pressure and dementia: the Honolulu-Asia aging study. Neurobiol Aging. 2000;21(1):49–55.CrossRefPubMed Launer LJ et al. Midlife blood pressure and dementia: the Honolulu-Asia aging study. Neurobiol Aging. 2000;21(1):49–55.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamada M et al. Association between dementia and midlife risk factors: the Radiation Effects Research Foundation Adult Health Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51(3):410–4.CrossRefPubMed Yamada M et al. Association between dementia and midlife risk factors: the Radiation Effects Research Foundation Adult Health Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51(3):410–4.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Skoog I et al. 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia. Lancet. 1996;347(9009):1141–5.CrossRefPubMed Skoog I et al. 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia. Lancet. 1996;347(9009):1141–5.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Kilander L et al. Hypertension is related to cognitive impairment: a 20-year follow-up of 999 men. Hypertension. 1998;31(3):780–6.CrossRefPubMed Kilander L et al. Hypertension is related to cognitive impairment: a 20-year follow-up of 999 men. Hypertension. 1998;31(3):780–6.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Nilsson SE et al. Low systolic blood pressure is associated with impaired cognitive function in the oldest old: longitudinal observations in a population-based sample 80 years and older. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2007;19(1):41–7.CrossRefPubMed Nilsson SE et al. Low systolic blood pressure is associated with impaired cognitive function in the oldest old: longitudinal observations in a population-based sample 80 years and older. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2007;19(1):41–7.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Tzourio C et al. Effects of blood pressure lowering with perindopril and indapamide therapy on dementia and cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(9):1069–75.CrossRefPubMed Tzourio C et al. Effects of blood pressure lowering with perindopril and indapamide therapy on dementia and cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(9):1069–75.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Forette F et al. The prevention of dementia with antihypertensive treatment: new evidence from the systolic hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) study. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(18):2046–52.CrossRefPubMed Forette F et al. The prevention of dementia with antihypertensive treatment: new evidence from the systolic hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) study. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(18):2046–52.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat No authors listed. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). SHEP Cooperative Research Group. JAMA. 1991; 265(24)3255–64. No authors listed. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). SHEP Cooperative Research Group. JAMA. 1991; 265(24)3255–64.
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Lithell H et al. The study on cognition and prognosis in the elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial. J Hypertens. 2003;21(5):875–86.CrossRefPubMed Lithell H et al. The study on cognition and prognosis in the elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial. J Hypertens. 2003;21(5):875–86.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Peters R et al. Incident dementia and blood pressure lowering in the hypertension in the very elderly trial cognitive function assessment (HYVET-COG): a double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7(8):683–9.CrossRefPubMed Peters R et al. Incident dementia and blood pressure lowering in the hypertension in the very elderly trial cognitive function assessment (HYVET-COG): a double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7(8):683–9.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Prince MJ et al. Is the cognitive function of older patients affected by antihypertensive treatment? Results from 54 months of the Medical Research Council’s trial of hypertension in older adults. BMJ. 1996;312(7034):801–5.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Prince MJ et al. Is the cognitive function of older patients affected by antihypertensive treatment? Results from 54 months of the Medical Research Council’s trial of hypertension in older adults. BMJ. 1996;312(7034):801–5.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Anderson C et al. Renin-angiotensin system blockade and cognitive function in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease: analysis of data from the ONTARGET and TRANSCEND studies. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10(1):43–53.CrossRefPubMed Anderson C et al. Renin-angiotensin system blockade and cognitive function in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease: analysis of data from the ONTARGET and TRANSCEND studies. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10(1):43–53.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat McGuinness B et al. The effects of blood pressure lowering on development of cognitive impairment and dementia in patients without apparent prior cerebrovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;2:CD004034.PubMed McGuinness B et al. The effects of blood pressure lowering on development of cognitive impairment and dementia in patients without apparent prior cerebrovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;2:CD004034.PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Inaba S et al. Exaggeration of focal cerebral ischemia in transgenic mice carrying human renin and human angiotensinogen genes. Stroke. 2009;40(2):597–603.CrossRefPubMed Inaba S et al. Exaggeration of focal cerebral ischemia in transgenic mice carrying human renin and human angiotensinogen genes. Stroke. 2009;40(2):597–603.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Inaba S et al. Continuous activation of renin-angiotensin system impairs cognitive function in renin/angiotensinogen transgenic mice. Hypertension. 2009;53(2):356–62.CrossRefPubMed Inaba S et al. Continuous activation of renin-angiotensin system impairs cognitive function in renin/angiotensinogen transgenic mice. Hypertension. 2009;53(2):356–62.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Yagi S et al. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has a pivotal role in cognitive impairment. Hypertens Res. 2013;36(9):753–8.CrossRefPubMed Yagi S et al. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has a pivotal role in cognitive impairment. Hypertens Res. 2013;36(9):753–8.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Pihlaja R et al. Multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms are involved in human Aβ clearance by transplanted adult astrocytes. Glia. 2011;59(11):1643–57.CrossRefPubMed Pihlaja R et al. Multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms are involved in human Aβ clearance by transplanted adult astrocytes. Glia. 2011;59(11):1643–57.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Kehoe PG, Wilcock GK. Is inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system a new treatment option for Alzheimer’s disease? Lancet Neurol. 2007;6(4):373–8.CrossRefPubMed Kehoe PG, Wilcock GK. Is inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system a new treatment option for Alzheimer’s disease? Lancet Neurol. 2007;6(4):373–8.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Phillips MI, de Oliveira EM. Brain renin angiotensin in disease. J Mol Med. 2008;86(6):715–22.CrossRefPubMed Phillips MI, de Oliveira EM. Brain renin angiotensin in disease. J Mol Med. 2008;86(6):715–22.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Ciobica A et al. Brain renin-angiotensin system in cognitive function: pre-clinical findings and implications for prevention and treatment of dementia. Acta Neurol Belg. 2009;109(3):171–80.PubMed Ciobica A et al. Brain renin-angiotensin system in cognitive function: pre-clinical findings and implications for prevention and treatment of dementia. Acta Neurol Belg. 2009;109(3):171–80.PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Savaskan E et al. Cortical alterations of angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensin II and AT1 receptor in Alzheimer’s dementia. Neurobiol Aging. 2001;22(4):541–6.CrossRefPubMed Savaskan E et al. Cortical alterations of angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensin II and AT1 receptor in Alzheimer’s dementia. Neurobiol Aging. 2001;22(4):541–6.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Starr JM, Whalley LJ, Deary IJ. The effects of antihypertensive treatment on cognitive function: results from the HOPE study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996;44(4):411–5.CrossRefPubMed Starr JM, Whalley LJ, Deary IJ. The effects of antihypertensive treatment on cognitive function: results from the HOPE study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996;44(4):411–5.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Ohrui T et al. Effects of brain-penetrating ACE inhibitors on Alzheimer disease progression. Neurology. 2004;63(7):1324–5.CrossRefPubMed Ohrui T et al. Effects of brain-penetrating ACE inhibitors on Alzheimer disease progression. Neurology. 2004;63(7):1324–5.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Chrysant SG. The pathophysiologic role of the brain renin-angiotensin system in stroke protection: clinical implications. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2007;9(6):454–9.CrossRef Chrysant SG. The pathophysiologic role of the brain renin-angiotensin system in stroke protection: clinical implications. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2007;9(6):454–9.CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Fournier A et al. Prevention of dementia by antihypertensive drugs: how AT1-receptor-blockers and dihydropyridines better prevent dementia in hypertensive patients than thiazides and ACE-inhibitors. Expert Rev Neurother. 2009;9(9):1413–31.CrossRefPubMed Fournier A et al. Prevention of dementia by antihypertensive drugs: how AT1-receptor-blockers and dihydropyridines better prevent dementia in hypertensive patients than thiazides and ACE-inhibitors. Expert Rev Neurother. 2009;9(9):1413–31.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Fogari R et al. Effects of valsartan compared with enalapril on blood pressure and cognitive function in elderly patients with essential hypertension. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2004;59(12):863–8.CrossRefPubMed Fogari R et al. Effects of valsartan compared with enalapril on blood pressure and cognitive function in elderly patients with essential hypertension. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2004;59(12):863–8.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Fogari R et al. Effect of telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide vs lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide combination on ambulatory blood pressure and cognitive function in elderly hypertensive patients. J Hum Hypertens. 2006;20(3):177–85.CrossRefPubMed Fogari R et al. Effect of telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide vs lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide combination on ambulatory blood pressure and cognitive function in elderly hypertensive patients. J Hum Hypertens. 2006;20(3):177–85.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Li NC et al. Use of angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of dementia in a predominantly male population: prospective cohort analysis. BMJ. 2010;340:b5465.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Li NC et al. Use of angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of dementia in a predominantly male population: prospective cohort analysis. BMJ. 2010;340:b5465.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
51.•
Zurück zum Zitat Levi Marpillat N et al. Antihypertensive classes, cognitive decline and incidence of dementia: a network meta-analysis. J Hypertens. 2013;31(6):1073–82. A network meta-analysis showing class difference of antihypertensive therapies on beneficial effects on cognitive decline and prevention of dementia, with ARBs possibly being the most effective.CrossRefPubMed Levi Marpillat N et al. Antihypertensive classes, cognitive decline and incidence of dementia: a network meta-analysis. J Hypertens. 2013;31(6):1073–82. A network meta-analysis showing class difference of antihypertensive therapies on beneficial effects on cognitive decline and prevention of dementia, with ARBs possibly being the most effective.CrossRefPubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Ito S et al. Renin-angiotensin system in the brain as a new target of antihypertensive therapy. Hypertens Res. 2008;31(8):1487–8.CrossRefPubMed Ito S et al. Renin-angiotensin system in the brain as a new target of antihypertensive therapy. Hypertens Res. 2008;31(8):1487–8.CrossRefPubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Takeda R et al. Vascular complications in patients with aldosterone producing adenoma in Japan: comparative study with essential hypertension. The Research Committee of Disorders of Adrenal Hormones in Japan. J Endocrinol Investig. 1995;18(5):370–3.CrossRef Takeda R et al. Vascular complications in patients with aldosterone producing adenoma in Japan: comparative study with essential hypertension. The Research Committee of Disorders of Adrenal Hormones in Japan. J Endocrinol Investig. 1995;18(5):370–3.CrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Yagi S et al. High plasma aldosterone concentration is a novel risk factor of cognitive impairment in patients with hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2011;34(1):74–8.CrossRefPubMed Yagi S et al. High plasma aldosterone concentration is a novel risk factor of cognitive impairment in patients with hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2011;34(1):74–8.CrossRefPubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Khachaturian AS et al. Antihypertensive medication use and incident Alzheimer disease: the Cache County Study. Arch Neurol. 2006;63(5):686–92.CrossRefPubMed Khachaturian AS et al. Antihypertensive medication use and incident Alzheimer disease: the Cache County Study. Arch Neurol. 2006;63(5):686–92.CrossRefPubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Yasar S et al. Diuretic use is associated with better learning and memory in older adults in the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study. Alzheimers Dement. 2012;8(3):188–95.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Yasar S et al. Diuretic use is associated with better learning and memory in older adults in the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study. Alzheimers Dement. 2012;8(3):188–95.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Toescu EC, Xiong J. Metabolic substrates of neuronal aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1019:19–23.CrossRefPubMed Toescu EC, Xiong J. Metabolic substrates of neuronal aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1019:19–23.CrossRefPubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Trompet S et al. Use of calcium antagonists and cognitive decline in old age. The Leiden 85-plus study. Neurobiol Aging. 2008;29(2):306–8.CrossRefPubMed Trompet S et al. Use of calcium antagonists and cognitive decline in old age. The Leiden 85-plus study. Neurobiol Aging. 2008;29(2):306–8.CrossRefPubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Sze KH et al. Effect of nimodipine on memory after cerebral infarction. Acta Neurol Scand. 1998;97(6):386–92.CrossRefPubMed Sze KH et al. Effect of nimodipine on memory after cerebral infarction. Acta Neurol Scand. 1998;97(6):386–92.CrossRefPubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Pantoni L et al. The Scandinavian Multi-Infarct Dementia Trial: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on nimodipine in multi-infarct dementia. J Neurol Sci. 2000;175(2):116–23.CrossRefPubMed Pantoni L et al. The Scandinavian Multi-Infarct Dementia Trial: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on nimodipine in multi-infarct dementia. J Neurol Sci. 2000;175(2):116–23.CrossRefPubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Arrieta-Cruz I et al. Carvedilol reestablishes long-term potentiation in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;21(2):649–54.PubMed Arrieta-Cruz I et al. Carvedilol reestablishes long-term potentiation in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;21(2):649–54.PubMed
62.
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Dobarro M et al. Propranolol restores cognitive deficits and improves amyloid and tau pathologies in a senescence-accelerated mouse model. Neuropharmacology. 2013;64:137–44.CrossRefPubMed Dobarro M et al. Propranolol restores cognitive deficits and improves amyloid and tau pathologies in a senescence-accelerated mouse model. Neuropharmacology. 2013;64:137–44.CrossRefPubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Madden DJ, Blumenthal JA, Ekelund LG. Effects of beta-blockade and exercise on cardiovascular and cognitive functioning. Hypertension. 1988;11(5):470–6.CrossRefPubMed Madden DJ, Blumenthal JA, Ekelund LG. Effects of beta-blockade and exercise on cardiovascular and cognitive functioning. Hypertension. 1988;11(5):470–6.CrossRefPubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Fogari R et al. Influence of losartan and atenolol on memory function in very elderly hypertensive patients. J Hum Hypertens. 2003;17(11):781–5.CrossRefPubMed Fogari R et al. Influence of losartan and atenolol on memory function in very elderly hypertensive patients. J Hum Hypertens. 2003;17(11):781–5.CrossRefPubMed
66.•
Zurück zum Zitat Yasar S et al. Antihypertensive drugs decrease risk of Alzheimer disease: Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study. Neurology. 2013;81(10):896–903. A recent study showing antihypertensive therapies reducing risk of AD dementia independent of mean systolic blood pressure.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Yasar S et al. Antihypertensive drugs decrease risk of Alzheimer disease: Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study. Neurology. 2013;81(10):896–903. A recent study showing antihypertensive therapies reducing risk of AD dementia independent of mean systolic blood pressure.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
67.•
Zurück zum Zitat Gelber RP et al. Antihypertensive medication use and risk of cognitive impairment: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Neurology. 2013;81(10):888–95. A recent community-based study showing beneficial effect of beta-blockers in prevention of cognitive decline in elderly >75 years.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Gelber RP et al. Antihypertensive medication use and risk of cognitive impairment: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Neurology. 2013;81(10):888–95. A recent community-based study showing beneficial effect of beta-blockers in prevention of cognitive decline in elderly >75 years.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Di Bari M et al. Dementia and disability outcomes in large hypertension trials: lessons learned from the systolic hypertension in the elderly program (SHEP) trial. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;153(1):72–8.CrossRefPubMed Di Bari M et al. Dementia and disability outcomes in large hypertension trials: lessons learned from the systolic hypertension in the elderly program (SHEP) trial. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;153(1):72–8.CrossRefPubMed
69.•
Zurück zum Zitat Douiri A et al. Long-term effects of secondary prevention on cognitive function in stroke patients. Circulation. 2013;128(12):1341–8. A recent large community based study indicating post stroke preventive antihypertensive therapy and long-term reduced risk of cognitive impairment.CrossRefPubMed Douiri A et al. Long-term effects of secondary prevention on cognitive function in stroke patients. Circulation. 2013;128(12):1341–8. A recent large community based study indicating post stroke preventive antihypertensive therapy and long-term reduced risk of cognitive impairment.CrossRefPubMed
70.•
Zurück zum Zitat Ambrosius WT et al. The design and rationale of a multicenter clinical trial comparing two strategies for control of systolic blood pressure: the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). Clin Trials. 2014;11(5):532–46. An ongoing RCT evaluating impact of optimal blood pressure control (120 versus 140 mmHg systolic) on multiple clinical endpoints including cognitive function.CrossRefPubMed Ambrosius WT et al. The design and rationale of a multicenter clinical trial comparing two strategies for control of systolic blood pressure: the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). Clin Trials. 2014;11(5):532–46. An ongoing RCT evaluating impact of optimal blood pressure control (120 versus 140 mmHg systolic) on multiple clinical endpoints including cognitive function.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Antihypertensive Therapies and Cognitive Function: a Review
verfasst von
Nisharahmed Kherada
Todd Heimowitz
Clive Rosendorff
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2015
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Hypertension Reports / Ausgabe 10/2015
Print ISSN: 1522-6417
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-3111
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-015-0592-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 10/2015

Current Hypertension Reports 10/2015 Zur Ausgabe

Device-Based Approaches for Hypertension (M Schlaich, Section Editor)

Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System in Stress-Mediated Cardiovascular Disease

Hypertension and the Heart (SD Solomon and O Vardeny, Section Editors)

Influence of Physical Activity on Hypertension and Cardiac Structure and Function

Guidelines/Clinical Trials/Meta-Analysis (JB Kostis, Section Editor)

Review of New Statistical Techniques for Analysis of Cardiovascular Trial and Registry Data

Hypertension and the Brain (S Stocker, Section Editor)

Exercise, the Brain, and Hypertension

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Notfall-TEP der Hüfte ist auch bei 90-Jährigen machbar

26.04.2024 Hüft-TEP Nachrichten

Ob bei einer Notfalloperation nach Schenkelhalsfraktur eine Hemiarthroplastik oder eine totale Endoprothese (TEP) eingebaut wird, sollte nicht allein vom Alter der Patientinnen und Patienten abhängen. Auch über 90-Jährige können von der TEP profitieren.

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 Hypotonie Nachrichten

Wenn unter einer medikamentösen Hochdrucktherapie der diastolische Blutdruck in den Keller geht, steigt das Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse: Darauf deutet eine Sekundäranalyse der SPRINT-Studie hin.

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

Insektenstiche sind bei Erwachsenen die häufigsten Auslöser einer Anaphylaxie. Einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen bietet die allergenspezifische Immuntherapie. Jedoch kommt sie noch viel zu selten zum Einsatz.

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

25.04.2024 Hypertonie Nachrichten

Beginnen ältere Männer im Pflegeheim eine Antihypertensiva-Therapie, dann ist die Frakturrate in den folgenden 30 Tagen mehr als verdoppelt. Besonders häufig stürzen Demenzkranke und Männer, die erstmals Blutdrucksenker nehmen. Dafür spricht eine Analyse unter US-Veteranen.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.