Introduction
Methods
Study Population
Data Collection
Intracranial Monitoring
Imaging
Outcome Measures
Statistical Analysis
Results
Patient Characteristics
Characteristics | Mean/median (SD or range) |
---|---|
Number of patients | 50 |
Age, years | 35.6 (15.6) |
Female, n (%) | 15 (30) |
Admission GCS total | 6 (1–15) |
Admission GCS motor | 3 (1–6) |
Pupils, n (%) | |
Unilateral sluggish | 2 (4) |
Bilateral sluggish | 3 (6) |
Unilateral unreactive | 4 (8) |
Bilateral unreactive | 6 (12) |
Length of stay in ICU, mean days | 23 (8.8) |
GOS at 6 months, n (%) | |
1 | 4 (8) |
2 | 19 (38) |
3 | 16 (32) |
4 | 7 (14) |
Unavailable | 4 (8) |
Mean/median (SD or range) | |
---|---|
Initial CT scan | |
Marshall score | 2 (1–6) |
Rotterdam score | 3 (1–6) |
ASDH, n (%) | 24 (48) |
EDH, n (%) | 7 (14) |
SAH, n (%) | 26 (52) |
IVH, n (%) | 15 (30) |
Contusion, n (%) | 41 (82) |
Superficial | 39 (78) |
Deep | 16 (32) |
Contusion volume, n (%) | |
< 10 mL | 36 (72) |
10–25 mL | 2 (4) |
> 25 mL | 3 (6) |
Timing of initial scan, mean hours from injury | 7.3 (10.4) |
Timing of repeat scan, mean hours from injury | 62.4 (64.8) |
Length of physiological recordings, mean days | 7.4 (5.4) |
Mean ICP, mmHg | 15.3 (9.7) |
Mean CPP, mmHg | 80.3 (7.9) |
Mean PRx, a.u. | 0.03 (0.14) |
Mean PAx, a.u. | −0.09 (0.16) |
Mean RAC, a.u. | −0.39 (0.22) |
Association Between Non-neurophysiological Factors and Absolute Lesion Change
Δ Core | Δ Edema | Δ Extra-axial | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient (95% CI) | R2 | p value | Coefficient (95% CI) | R2 | p value | Coefficient (95% CI) | R2 | p value | |
Initial lesion volume (mL) | 0.16 [− 0.02 to 0.34] | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.64 [0.38 to 0.90] | 0.42 | < 0.0001 | 0.03 [− 0.13 to 0.21] | 0 | 0.76 |
Interval between scans | − 0.01 [− 0.03 to 0.01] | 0.04 | 0.19 | − 0.001 [− 0.04 to 0.04] | 0 | 0.69 | − 0.01 [− 0.03 to 0.01] | 0.06 | 0.20 |
Mean CPP | 0.14 [− 0.04 to 0.32] | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.37 [0.01 to 0.73] | 0.1 | 0.05 | − 0.01 [− 0.19 to 0.17] | 0 | 0.89 |
Coagulopathy | 0.60 [− 1.0 to 2.19] | 0.02 | 0.44 | 0.28 [− 2.95 to 3.51] | 0 | 0.86 | 0.26 [− 1.08 to 1.60] | 0.04 | 0.70 |
Association Between Cerebrovascular Reactivity Measurements and Absolute Lesion Volume Change
Δ Core (unadjusted) | Δ Core (adjusted) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient (95% CI) | R2 | p value | Coefficient (95% CI) | R2 (R2-adj) | p value | |
% Time spent PRx > 0.25 | 0.02 [− 0.02 to 0.07] | 0.05 | 0.37 | − 0.05 [− 0.17 to 0.05 ] | 0.43 (0.13) | 0.29 |
% Time spent PAx > 0.25 | 0.04 [− 0.02 to 0.11] | 0.08 | 0.25 | − 0.05 [− 0.24 to 0.13) | 0.39 (0.06) | 0.53 |
% Time spent RAC > − 0.10 | 0.01 [− 0.04 to 0.14] | 0.01 | 0.71 | − 0.03 [− 0.10 to 0.05] | 0.41 (0.09) | 0.41 |
Δ Edema (unadjusted) | Δ Edema (adjusted) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient (95% CI) | R2 | p value | Coefficient (95% CI) | R2 (R2-adj) | p value | |
% Time spent PRx > 0.25 | 0.30 [0.14 to 0.45 ] | 0.47 | < 0.01 | 0.36 [0.11 to 0.60] | 0.58 (0.39) | < 0.01 |
% Time spent PAx > 0.25 | 0.34 [0.14 to 0.54] | 0.41 | < 0.01 | 0.62 [0.24 to 1.00] | 0.63 (0.45) | < 0.01 |
% Time spent RAC > − 0.10 | 0.10 [− 0.09 to 0.18] | 0.06 | 0.33 | 0.05 [− 0.19 to 0.30] | 0.62 (0.40) | 0.64 |