Skip to main content
Hauptrubriken
CME Facharzt-Training Webinare Zeitschriften Bücher e.Medpedia Podcast
Service
Jobbörse Info & Hilfe
Fachgebiete
Anästhesiologie Allgemeinmedizin Arbeitsmedizin Augenheilkunde Chirurgie Dermatologie Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe HNO Innere Medizin Kardiologie Neurologie Onkologie und Hämatologie Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie Pädiatrie Pathologie Psychiatrie Radiologie Rechtsmedizin Urologie Zahnmedizin
Themen
Klimawandel und Gesundheit Neues aus dem Markt COVID-19 Praxis und Beruf Seltene Erkrankungen GOÄ & EBM Panorama
Sammlungen
Kasuistiken Algorithmen & Infografiken Blickdiagnosen Arthropedia FlapFinder (für Dermatochirurgen) Videos Kongressberichterstattung Medizin für Apothekerinnen und Apotheker Für Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Weiterbildung Für Medizinstudierende
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Annals of Behavioral Medicine
Erschienen in: Annals of Behavioral Medicine 1/2014

01.02.2014 | Original Article

Physical Activity Disparities in Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Youth Ages 12–22 Years Old: Roles of Childhood Gender Nonconformity and Athletic Self-Esteem

verfasst von: Jerel P. Calzo, PhD, Andrea L. Roberts, PhD, Heather L. Corliss, PhD, Emily A. Blood, PhD, Emily Kroshus, PhD, S. Bryn Austin, ScD

Erschienen in: Annals of Behavioral Medicine | Ausgabe 1/2014

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Background

Physical activity is an important health determinant. Little is known about sexual orientation differences in physical activity and their psychosocial determinants.

Purpose

The aim of this study is to examine adolescent and young adult hours/week of moderate/vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and team sports participation by sexual orientation and investigate contributions of gender nonconformity and low athletic self-esteem to possible sexual orientation differences.

Methods

Analysis of data from 5,272 males and 7,507 females from 1999 to 2005 waves of the US Growing Up Today Study (ages 12–22 years).

Results

Sexual minorities (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual, mostly heterosexual) reported 1.21–2.62 h/week less MVPA (p < 0.01) and were 46–76 % less likely to participate in team sports than same-gender heterosexuals. Gender nonconformity and athletic self-esteem accounted for 46–100 % of sexual orientation MVPA differences.

Conclusions

Physical activity contexts should be modified to welcome sexual minority males and females. Targeting intolerance of gender nonconformity and fostering athletic self-esteem may mitigate sexual orientation MVPA disparities.
Literatur
1.
National Research Council. The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People:Building a Foundation for Better Understanding: The National Academies Press; 2011
2.
World Health Organization. Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. In: WHO Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data, ed. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2010
3.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance--United States, 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;61(SS-4)
4.
Gordon-Larsen P, Nelson MC, Popkin BM. Longitudinal physical activity and sedentary behavior trends: Adolescence to adulthood. Am J Prev Med. 2004; 27(4): 277-283.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Iannotti RJ, Wang J. Trends in Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Diet, and BMI Among US Adolescents, 2001–2009. Pediatrics. 2013
6.
Nelson MC, Neumark-Stzainer D, Hannan PJ, Sirard JR, Story M. Longitudinal and secular trends in physical activity and sedentary behavior during adolescence. Pediatrics. 2006; 118(6): e1627-e1634.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Nelson MC, Gordon-Larsen P, Adair LS, Popkin BM. Adolescent physical activity and sedentary behavior: patterning and long-term maintenance. Am J Prev Med. 2005; 28(3): 259-266.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA, Doraiswamy PM, et al. Exercise and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Psychosom Med. 2007; 69(7): 587-596.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
9.
Jebb SA, Moore MS. Contribution of a sedentary lifestyle and inactivity to the etiology of overweight and obesity: current evidence and research issues. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999; 31(11): 534-541.CrossRef
10.
Austin SB, Ziyadeh NJ, Corliss HL, et al. Sexual orientation disparities in weight status in adolescence: findings from a prospective study. Obesity. 2009; 17(9): 1776-1782.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
11.
Meyer IH. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychol Bull. 2003; 129(5): 674-697.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
12.
Wang CKJ, Biddle SJH. Understanding young people’s motivation toward exercise: An integration of sport ability beliefs, achievement goal theory, and self-determination theory. In: Hagger MS, Chatzisarantis NLD, eds. Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in exercise and sport. Champaign, IL US: Human Kinetics; 2007:193–208,344-7
13.
Gillison F, Sebire S, Standage M. What motivates girls to take up exercise during adolescence? Learning from those who succeed. Br J Health Psychol. 2012; 17(3): 536-550.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Gordon-Larsen P, McMurray RG, Popkin BM. Determinants of adolescent physical activity and inactivity patterns. Pediatrics. 2000; 105(6): E83.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Slater SJ, Nicholson L, Chriqui J, Turner L, Chaloupka F. The impact of state laws and district policies on physical education and recess practices in a nationally representative sample of us public elementary schools. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012; 166(4): 311-316.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
16.
Chriqui J, Eyler A, Carnoske C, Slater SJ. State and district policy influences on district-wide elementary and middle school physical education practices. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2013; 19(Supp 1): S41-S48.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Kosciw JG, Greytak EA, Diaz EM, Bartkiewicz MJ. The 2009 National School Climate Survey: The Experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York: GLSEN; 2010.
18.
Ryan C, Russell ST, Huebner D, Diaz R, Sanchez J. Family acceptance in adolescence and the health of LGBT young adults. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs. 2010; 23(4): 205-213.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Saewyc EM. Research on adolescent sexual orientation: development, health disparities, stigma, and resilience. J Res Adolesc. 2011; 21(1): 256-272.CrossRef
20.
Anderson E. Openly gay athletes: contesting hegemonic masculinity in a homophobic environment. Gend Society. 2002; 16(6): 860-877.CrossRef
21.
Griffin P. Homophobia in sport: addressing the needs of lesbian and gay high school athletes. High Sch J. 1993; 77(1–2): 80-87.
22.
Osborne D, Wagner WE. Exploring the relationship between homophobia and participation in core sports among high school students. Sociol Perspect. 2007; 50(4): 597-613.CrossRef
23.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance United States, 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010;59(SS-5):1–142
24.
Galambos NL, Berenbaum SA, McHale SM. Gender development in adolescence. In: Lerner RM, Steinberg L, eds. Handbook of Adolescent Psychology. 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009:305–57
25.
Messner MA. Boyhood, organized sports, and the construction of masculinities. J Contemp Ethnogr. 1990; 18: 416-444.CrossRef
26.
Messner MA. Power at Play: Sports and the Problem of Masculinity. Boston, MA: Beacon; 1992.
27.
Anderson E. In the Game: Gay Athletes and the Cult of Masculinity. New York: SUNY Press; 2005.
28.
Kimmel M. Homophobia as masculinity: fear, shame, and silence in the construction of gender identity. In: Brod H, Kaufman M, eds. Theorizing Masculinities. London: Sage; 1994: 223-242.
29.
Pascoe CJ. “Dude, You’re a Fag”: adolescent Masculinity and the fag discourse. Sexualities. 2005; 8(3): 329-346.CrossRef
30.
Magrath R, Anderson E, Roberts S. On the door-step of equality: attitudes toward gay athletes among academy-level footballers. International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 2013
31.
Gill DL, Morrow RG, Collins KE, Lucey AB, Schultz AM. Perceived climate in physical activity settings. J Homosex. 2010; 57(7): 895-913.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Krane V. Lesbians in sport: toward acknowledgment, understanding, and theory. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 1996; 18(3): 237-246.
33.
Stoelting S. Disclosure as an interaction: why lesbian athletes disclose their sexual identities in intercollegiate sport. J Homosex. 2011; 58(9): 1187-1210.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Elling A, Janssens J. Sexuality as a structural principle in sport participation: negotiating sports spaces. Intl Rev Sociol Sport. 2009; 44: 71-86.CrossRef
35.
Herek GM. Gender gaps in public opinion about lesbian women and gay men. Publ Opin Q. 2002; 66: 40-66.CrossRef
36.
Sartore ML, Cunningham GB. Gender, sexual prejudice, and sport participation: Implications for sexual minorities. Sex Roles. 2009; 60(1–2): 100-113.CrossRef
37.
Blinde EM, Taub DE. Women athletes as falsely accused deviants: managing the lesbian stigma. Sociol Q. 1992; 33(4): 521-533.CrossRef
38.
Shakib S, Dunbar MD. The social construction of female and male high school basketball participation: reproducing the gender order through a two-tiered sporting institution. Sociol Perspect. 2002; 45(4): 353-378.CrossRef
39.
Shakib S. Female basketball participation. Am Behav Sci. 2003; 46(10): 1405-1422.CrossRef
40.
Harter S. Manual for the Self-Perception Profile for Children. Denver, CO: University of Denver; 1985.
41.
Klint KA, Weiss MR. Perceived competence and motives for participating in youth sports: a test of Harter’s competence motivation theory. J Sport Psychol. 1987; 9(1): 55-65.
42.
Adachi PJC, Willoughby T. It’s not how much you play, but how much you enjoy the game: The longitudinal associations between adolescents’ self-esteem and the frequency versus enjoyment of involvement in sports. Adolescence: Journal of Youth and; 2013.
43.
Slutzky CB, Simpkins SD. The link between children’s sport participation and self-esteem: exploring the mediating role of sport self-concept. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2009; 10(3): 381-389.CrossRef
44.
Ziyadeh NJ, Prokop LA, Fisher LB, et al. Sexual orientation, gender, and alcohol use in a cohort study of US adolescent girls and boys. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007; 87(2–3): 119-130.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Roberts AL, Rosario M, Corliss HL, Koenen KC, Austin SB. Elevated risk of posttraumatic stress in sexual minority youths: mediation by childhood abuse and gender nonconformity. Am J Public Health. 2012; 102(8): 1587-1593.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
46.
Zucker K, Mitchell JN, Bradley SJ, Tkachuk J, Cantor JM, Allin SM. The recalled childhood gender identity/gender role questionnaire: psychometric properties. Sex Roles. 2006; 54: 469-483.CrossRef
47.
Pianosi PT, Davis HS. Determinants of physical fitness in children with asthma. Pediatrics. 2004; 113: 225-229.CrossRef
48.
Barnett TA, Maximova K, Sabiston CM, et al. Physical activity growth curves relate to adiposity in adolescents. Ann Epidemiol. 2013; 23(9): 529-533.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Liang K-Y, Zeger SL. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika. 1986; 73: 13-22.CrossRef
50.
Hertzmark E, Pazaris MJ, Spiegelman D. The SAS MEDIATE Macro. Channing Laboratory, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School: Boston, MA; 2012.
51.
Roberts AL, Rosario M, Corliss HL, Koenen KC, Austin SB. Childhood gender nonconformity: a risk indicator for childhood abuse and posttraumatic stress in youth. Pediatrics. 2012; 129(3): 410-417.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Borden S. Female star comes out as gay, and sports world shrugs. New York Times. New York; 2013:B15
53.
Calzo JP, Antonucci TC, Mays VM, Cochran SD. Retrospective recall of sexual orientation identity development among gay, lesbian, and bisexual adults. Dev Psychol. 2011; 47(6): 1658-1673.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
54.
Eccles JS, Harold RD. Gender differences in sport involvement: applying the Eccles’ expectancy-value model. J Appl Sport Psychol. 1991; 3(1): 7-35.CrossRef
55.
Thomas RN. Blakemore JE. Arch Sex Behav: Adults’ Attitudes About Gender Nonconformity in Childhood; 2012.
56.
Chandra A, Mosher WD, Copen C, Sionean C. Sexual behavior, sexual attraction, and sexual identity in the United States: Data from the 2006–2008 National Survey of Family Growth. National Health Statistics Reports; No. 36. National Center for Health Statistics: Hyattsville, MD; 2011.
57.
Eaton DK, Kann L, Kinchen S, et al. Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2009. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2010; 59(5): 1-142.PubMed
58.
59.
Yancey AK, Grant D, Kurosky S, Kravitz-Wirtz N, Mistry R. Role modeling, risk, and resilience in California adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2011; 48(1): 36-43.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Brown WJ, Basil MD, Bocarnea MC. The influence of famous athletes on health beliefs and practices: Mark McGwire, child abuse prevention, and androstenedione. J Health Commun. 2003; 8(1): 41-57.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Physical Activity Disparities in Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Youth Ages 12–22 Years Old: Roles of Childhood Gender Nonconformity and Athletic Self-Esteem
verfasst von
Jerel P. Calzo, PhD
Andrea L. Roberts, PhD
Heather L. Corliss, PhD
Emily A. Blood, PhD
Emily Kroshus, PhD
S. Bryn Austin, ScD
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2014
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Annals of Behavioral Medicine / Ausgabe 1/2014
Print ISSN: 0883-6612
Elektronische ISSN: 1532-4796
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-013-9570-y

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2014

Annals of Behavioral Medicine 1/2014 Zur Ausgabe

Original Article

The Relationship of Patient and Spouse Personality to Cardiac Patients’ Health: Two Observational Studies of Mediation and Moderation

Introduction

Introduction to the Special Section on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Health Disparities: Where We Are and Where We're Going

Original Article

Structural Stigma and Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenocortical Axis Reactivity in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Young Adults

Original Article

Screening for Type 2 Diabetes in a High-Risk Population: Effects of a Negative Screening Test After 4 Years Follow-up

Original Article

Structural Stigma and Cigarette Smoking in a Prospective Cohort Study of Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Youth

Original Article

Behavioral Medicine in the 21st Century: Transforming “the Road Less Traveled” into the “American Way of Life”

Neu in den Fachgebieten Neurologie und Psychiatrie

Akuter Schwindel: Wann lohnt sich eine MRT?

28.04.2024 Schwindel Nachrichten

Akuter Schwindel stellt oft eine diagnostische Herausforderung dar. Wie nützlich dabei eine MRT ist, hat eine Studie aus Finnland untersucht. Immerhin einer von sechs Patienten wurde mit akutem ischämischem Schlaganfall diagnostiziert.

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 Hypotonie Nachrichten

Wenn unter einer medikamentösen Hochdrucktherapie der diastolische Blutdruck in den Keller geht, steigt das Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse: Darauf deutet eine Sekundäranalyse der SPRINT-Studie hin.

Frühe Alzheimertherapie lohnt sich

25.04.2024 AAN-Jahrestagung 2024 Nachrichten

Ist die Tau-Last noch gering, scheint der Vorteil von Lecanemab besonders groß zu sein. Und beginnen Erkrankte verzögert mit der Behandlung, erreichen sie nicht mehr die kognitive Leistung wie bei einem früheren Start. Darauf deuten neue Analysen der Phase-3-Studie Clarity AD.

Viel Bewegung in der Parkinsonforschung

25.04.2024 Parkinson-Krankheit Nachrichten

Neue arznei- und zellbasierte Ansätze, Frühdiagnose mit Bewegungssensoren, Rückenmarkstimulation gegen Gehblockaden – in der Parkinsonforschung tut sich einiges. Auf dem Deutschen Parkinsonkongress ging es auch viel um technische Innovationen.

Bildnachweise